Mexico ƙasa ce da ke da arzikin ƙasa wanda wani lokacin yake da wahalar gaskatawa; Misali, yana ɗaukar mintuna hamsin kawai akan hanya don tafiya daga yanayi mai dusar ƙanƙara mai ɗorewa, zuwa wurare masu zafi, tare da dukkanin ciyawar ciyawar ta!
Wannan nau'ikan yanayi mai ban sha'awa, dabbobi da tsirrai waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ƙasarmu galibi saboda dalilai biyu ne: na farko, saboda yankinmu yana cikin yankin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin wurare masu zafi da hamada na duniya; Na biyu shine cewa Mexico tana da yanayin ƙasa mai tsauri, don haka kowane hawa, kowane kwari, dutsen ko rafi yana gabatar da yanayi na musamman na microclimatic, wanda ke inganta ci gaban nau'ikan halittu masu yawa, daga dazuzzukan daji masu zafi zuwa hamada da filaye ko manyan gandun daji. mai ciki; Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa, ba tare da wata shakka ba, don ƙirƙirar girman wannan kyakkyawar al'ummar tamu.
Mexico ƙasa ce da ke da arzikin ƙasa wanda wani lokacin yake da wahalar gaskatawa; Misali, yana ɗaukar mintuna hamsin kawai akan hanya don tafiya daga yanayi mai dusar ƙanƙara mai ɗorewa, zuwa wurare masu zafi, tare da dukkanin ciyawar ciyawar ta! Wannan nau'ikan yanayi mai ban sha'awa, dabbobi da tsirrai waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ƙasarmu galibi saboda dalilai biyu ne: na farko, saboda yankinmu yana cikin yankin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin wurare masu zafi da hamada na duniya; Na biyu shine cewa Mexico tana da yanayin ƙasa mai tsauri, don haka kowane hawa, kowane kwari, dutsen ko rafi yana gabatar da yanayi na musamman na microclimatic, wanda ke inganta ci gaban nau'ikan halittu masu yawa, daga dazuzzukan daji masu zafi zuwa hamada da filaye ko manyan gandun daji. mai ciki; Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa, ba tare da wata shakka ba, don ƙirƙirar girman wannan kyakkyawar al'ummar tamu.
Rain daji
Hakanan an san shi da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, gandun daji mai ƙarancin ruwa ko babban tsaunin bishiyoyi, shine tsarin halittu na ƙasa tare da mafi yawan halittu masu yawa a duniya, tunda a cikin kilomita murabba'i ɗaya zai iya samun nau'ikan tsire-tsire da dabbobi fiye da waɗanda ke gida zuwa ƙasashen Turai da yawa.
Godiya ga yanayin yanayin zafi mai ɗumi da yanayin zafi sama da 22 ° C waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin matsakaita a cikin dazuzzuka, kuma a tsawan da ke jujjuyawa tsakanin matakin teku da 1,200 m, adadin ban mamaki da bambancin tsire-tsire, tushen abinci don yawan dabbobi, fungi, kwayoyin cuta da sauran nau'ikan rayuwa da ke rayuwa a cikin daji.
Shiga cikin gandun dajin babban kwarewa ne. Tafiya cikin inuwar karkashin inuwa ya tanada mana abubuwan mamaki da yawa, kuma yana bamu damar, misali, muyi sha'awar bishiyoyi masu shekaru ɗari da manya manya, waɗanda suke ba da tunanin taɓa sama; a kowane lokaci ana jin kara, squawks, screeches da wakar dubban tsuntsaye da ke rayuwa a cikin rawanin. Duk wannan, tare, yana ba mu keɓaɓɓen tabbaci da tabbaci cewa rayuwa tana kewaye da mu ƙwarai.
Wuri: Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla da San Luis Potosí.
Gandun daji mai rarrafe
Har ila yau, an san shi azaman gandun daji mai dausayi, gandun daji mai ƙarancin ƙasa yana yanayin halittu tare da manyan halittu masu yawa. An kafa shi daga matakin teku zuwa mita 1,900 na tsayi, kuma galibi ana haɗe shi da ƙananan yankuna na babban daji, musamman a cikin kwazazzabai. Tana da yanayi mai dumi a duk shekara, da kuma lokacin rani wanda kan sa bishiyoyi ba su kai wani matsayi mai girma ba kuma su rasa ganyayensu, saboda ƙarancin ruwa. Ana gani daga nesa, wannan yanayin halittar yana faranta mana rai da launuka masu ban sha'awa na rawaya, ocher da launuka masu ja, canzawa da ganye da launuka iri-iri kamar yadda bishiyoyi ke rayuwa a ciki; Lokacin da nau'ikan bishiyoyi kaɗan ne kuma nau'ikan da ke da ƙayayuwa sun mamaye shi, ana kiran sa dajin ƙaya.
A cikin ƙananan gandun daji yana yiwuwa a sami babban bambancin dabbobin da suka dace da ƙarancin ruwan sama da ke faruwa yayin watanni huɗu zuwa shida na ƙaramin ruwa; Don haka zamu sami yawancin tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians, da sauransu, kuma hakan, kamar yadda yake a kusan dukkanin yankuna, ya zama dole a sami ɗan haƙuri da kyakkyawan yanayin lura don iya sha'awar kyawawan sifofinsu da launukan su. .
Wuri: Yucatán, Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán, Morelos, Jihar Mexico, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Durango, Chihuahua, Sonora, Zacatecas, Baja California Sur da Tamaulipas.
Xerophilous goge
Xerophilous scrub shine mafi yawan halittu a cikin Jamhuriyar mu, saboda rashin yanayin ruwan sama da ya mamaye yawancin yankunan mu, musamman ma a arewa, ana iya kafa wannan yanayin a manyan yankuna. Wani lokaci an san shi a matsayin hamada. Goge xerophilous yana da ɗan ciyayi, wanda ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire waɗanda suka dace da yanayin fari, kamar su cacti, agaves da ƙananan bishiyoyi tare da ƙaya, wanda ke ba shi hali na musamman. Duk da wannan ƙarancin, yana da adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan dabbobi, kamar macizai, iguanas, kwari, arachnids, kunama, tsuntsaye, da sauran nau'ikan da yawa da ke iya rayuwa a yankuna da ruwa kaɗan.
Akwai nau'ikan goge iri-iri, wanda ya dogara da shuke-shuke masu rinjaye, kamar su rosetophilic scrub, wanda ya mamaye magueys na siffofi da girma dabam-dabam, ko kuma goge inda cacti ya fi yawa, gami da manyan gabobin, waɗanda ke taƙama da girman kai zuwa sama.
Wuri: Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sonora, Baja California Sur da Baja California.
Ciyawar ciyawa
A cikin Meziko an san filayen ciyawar da zacatales. Suna haɓaka tsakanin mita 1100 zuwa 2 500 sama da matakin teku kuma suna girma kusan kusan tsawaita shimfidawa (ban da zacatales da ke kan gangaren manyan duwatsu), waɗanda tsire-tsire masu shuke-shuke suke da tsire-tsire na dangin ciyawa. , Wato, ciyawa, waɗanda suke aiki a matsayin abinci ga adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, irin su kwari, zomo da beraye, da sauransu. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, filayen ciyawa suna zaune a yankuna da ƙarancin ruwan sama ko kuma tare da lokacin rani mai alama sosai, lokaci guda tare da yanayi mai sanyi. Tunda filayen ciyawa na iya samun wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire, kamar su shrubs, galibi ana yin kuskure da shrubs.
Wuri: Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango da Chihuahua.
Bosques de EncinoMexico ƙasa ce mai matuƙar arziki a yankuna na daji, kuma gandun daji mai girma yana wakiltar babban adadin waɗanda ke cikin ƙasarmu. Wannan yanayin halittar, wanda bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi suka mamaye shi, yana da tsayi mai canzawa, tare da bishiyoyi masu tsawo daga 3 zuwa 4 m zuwa manyan samfuran 20 m. Gandun dajin itacen oak na Mexico yana tuno da manyan gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka, tunda wadannan bishiyoyi suna rasa ganyayensu a lokutan da ba su dace ba, suna zanen shimfidar da launuka iri-iri na sautunan "kaka", kodayake a kasarmu asarar ganye ita ce Yana aiki mafi kyau a cikin hunturu. Yawancin itacen oak suna haɓaka a tsawan tsakanin mita 1,500 zuwa 2,800 sama da matakin teku, tare da yanayin da ke ba da ruwa mai yawa ko butasa amma tare da lokacin rani, wanda ba ya hana shrub, mosses, lichens da zama tare a cikin gandun daji. ciki har da tsire-tsire masu epiphytic kamar hay da orchids. Dabbobin suna da yawa sosai, tare da adadi mai yawa na dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe; bugu da ,ari, a cikin irin wannan gandun daji yawanci akwai rafuka masu yawa da ƙananan tafkuna waɗanda suka haifar da kyakkyawan adadin wuraren shakatawa na kyawawan halaye.
Wuri: Ana samun sa a cikin Jamhuriya, sai dai a jihohin Yucatán, Quintana Roo da Campeche.
Gandun dajin Coniferous Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, a cikin wannan yanayin halittar bishiyoyin da ke hayayyafa ta hanyar mazugi ko "cones" sun mamaye, kamar su pines, itacen al'ul, oyameles da junipers; Musamman ma, bishiyoyin da ke ƙasarmu suna da mahimmanci na musamman, saboda a nan kusan 40% na bambancin duniya na waɗannan itatuwan masu karimci suna rayuwa. Don ci gabanta yanayin yanayi mai laushi ya zama dole, tare da ruwan sama a cikin lokacin da aka ayyana, gabaɗaya a lokacin rani, wanda ke haifar da gandun daji na pine ya haɗu da gandun daji mai yawa sau da yawa, tunda dukansu suna rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin, kodayake tsohon shine na iya bunkasa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
Itatuwan Pine basa bada izinin tsirowar ciyawar da yawa saboda ganyayyakinsu suna haifar da ƙasa mai yawan gaske, amma gandun daji na wannan ɗabi'ar gida ne mai yawan namun daji, wanda ya haɗa da dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar zomaye da beraye, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe da da nau'ikan invertebrates. Babu shakka, gandun dazuzzuka, kuma gabaɗaya na conifers, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahalli mai fa'ida a cikin ƙasarmu saboda ɗaukakar bishiyoyinta, wadatar faunarsa da ƙanshin iska da ake shaƙa a wurin.
Wuri: Ana samun sa a cikin Jamhuriya, sai dai a jihohin Yucatán, Quintana Roo da Campeche.
Dutsen Daji na Mesophilic Wataƙila wannan mahalli yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau a ƙasar. Saboda girman itacen oak da bishiyoyin zaki - wanda ya kai tsawan sama da 20 m-, da kuma yanayin yanayi mai ɗumi da yawan ruwan sama kusan duk shekara, gami da yanayin yanayi mai kyau, gandun daji na mesophilic an rufe shi har abada: lichens, Mosses, ganye, shrubs da lambar ban mamaki na bromeliads, orchids da ferns, tun daga kan ƙananan samfuran har zuwa manyan bishiyoyi masu girma 10 zuwa 12 m. Game da faunarsa, a cikin wannan dajin za mu iya samun kowane irin dabbobi: tsuntsaye masu launuka iri-iri, dabbobi masu shayarwa (kurege, fox, squirrels), da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma kusan duk sauran ma'aunan dabbobi. Duk wannan adadin da nau'ikan halittar rayuwa suna sanya gandun dajin mesophilic wuri mai sihiri a duniya.
Wuri: Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo da San Luis Potosí.
Mangroves Mangroves nau'ikan yanayin halittu ne da ke karkashin ruwa wanda ke bunkasa a gabar ruwan tekun, a cikin maɓuɓɓugai, da bakin koguna. Mangrove tsire-tsire ne na itace wanda yake girma a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙan, kuma zai iya zama daga tsayin 2 zuwa 20 m Bayan lokaci, mangrove ya kan zama gandun daji na gaskiya wanda ke ba da damar yin iyo a kan ruwa, kodayake tushensu yana kafe a ƙasa mai laka. Mangroves mafaka ne ga nau'ikan dabbobi marasa adadi, daga ƙananan tsutsotsi da olyaku zuwa kyawawan tsuntsaye, waɗanda suke sanya mangrove yanayin halittu na musamman kuma mai ban mamaki, kusa da aljanna ta duniya.
Wuri: Ana samun su a duk iyakar Jamhuriya, kodayake ba ci gaba ba.
Girman murjani
Reefs sanannu ne saboda bambancin halittu masu yawa; a hakikanin gaskiya, sune tsarin halittar cikin ruwa tare da mafi yawan adadi da nau'ikan halittu masu rai. Reef wani tsari ne mai nutsuwa mai nutsuwa, wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar hada sinadarin carbonate wanda miliyoyin dabbobi masu karamin karfi suke aiwatarwa, murjani, wanda kuma hakan yake bashi mafaka ga algae mara adadi, mahada ta farko a cikin jerin kayan abincin dake tallafawa babban yawa na rayayyun halittu. Yin ruwa a cikin murjani baƙon ƙwarewa ne, yayin da miliyoyin kifaye suka zagaye ku kwatsam, kamar yadda ya bambanta da sauran kyawawan rayuwa da nau'ikan rayuwa masu launuka wannan halittu masu ban mamaki.
Wuri: Ana samun su a duk jihohin bakin teku, banda Baja California, Sinaloa da Sonora, kodayake rarraba su ba iri ɗaya ba ce.
