Lokacin da aka kafa kasuwanci kai tsaye tsakanin Manila da New Spain a shekara ta 1573, ta hanyar Nao de China, yawancin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa daga Gabas sun fara shigowa ƙasarmu - ban da kayan ƙanshi masu ƙima - kamar su kayan kwalliya, magoya baya, da dai sauransu. lacquers, fentin bangon hannu mai zane, shuwullan hauren giwa, kayan kwalliya, kayan wasa da kowane irin kayan siliki da yadin auduga, duk abubuwan da suka kayatar don fitowar su da kuma rashin kyawun su. Ofayansu ya yi fice ta hanyar ban mamaki akan waɗancan: kyakkyawan keɓaɓɓen ƙasar Sin.
Abubuwan farko na masarufi da suka isa New Spain sun kasance shuɗi da fari waɗanda ke da ado da siffofi iri iri masu kyau sosai; Koyaya, daga ƙarni na 18 zuwa gaba, an haɗa ɓangarorin polychrome a cikin wannan kasuwancin, daga cikinsu akwai irin salon da muka sani a yau kamar Kamfanin Indies Porcelain, wanda ya karɓi sunansa daga Kamfanonin Gabashin Indiya - kamfanonin Turai na teku - waɗanda sune na farko don jigilar kaya da siyarwa a cikin Turai ta tsarin samfuri.
Warewar wannan ain ɗin ya ta'allaka ne da gaskiyar cewa siffofinsa ana yin wahayi ne da kayayyakin Yammacin Yammacin Turai da zinaren zinariya kuma kayan adon nata suna haɗuwa da abubuwan Sinanci da na Yammacin Turai, tunda an tsara shi ta musamman, an tsara shi kuma an yi masa kwalliya don biyan buƙatun Turai. da Ba'amurke.
A mafi yawan lokuta, an yi Kamfanin Injin na Indies a cikin garin Jingdezhen, wanda shine babban cibiyar yumbu a China; Daga can, aka ɗauke shi zuwa Canton, inda aka jujjuya nau'ikan ɓangaren zuwa taron karawa juna sani waɗanda ke karɓar kayan masarufin a cikin fararen fata, ko kuma an kawata su da wani ɓangare, don haka an ƙara garkuwoyi ko haruffan sunayen masu mallakar nan gaba yayin da umarni suka zo. .
A gefe guda kuma, kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna da ɗakunan ajiya ɗari ɗari da aka riga aka kawata su da kayatattun kayayyaki, wanda ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa galibi muke samun samfuran iri ɗaya a cikin tarin Mexico da na ƙasashen waje.
Ya kasance a tsakiyar karni na 18 lokacin da sabbin mashahuran Mutanen Espanya suka bi salon da turawan Turai suka kafa don mallakar wannan aron kuma suka fara umarninsu, amma ta wata hanya daban da ta Kamfanonin Indiya. Kamar yadda New Spain ba ta da kamfanin jiragen ruwa da aka kafa kai tsaye a Canton, ana gudanar da kasuwancin na Porcelana de Compañía de Indias maimakon sa hannun wakilan kasuwanci na New Spain - wanda aka kafa a Manila- ko kuma abokan hulɗarsu na Filipino, waɗanda suka buƙaci nau'ikan kayan kwalliyar da aka zana wa 'yan kasuwar Sinawan da suka iso tashar jirgin ruwan.
Daga baya, lokacin da aka shirya umarnin, aka tura su zuwa gabar tekun New Spain. Tuni anan, manyan masu saida kayan masarufi sun karɓi hajja kuma suna kula da kasuwancin ta, ko dai ta hanyar siyar da shi a cikin shaguna ko rarraba ta ta gidajen kasuwanci waɗanda suka tura su ga mutane ko kuma ga cibiyoyin da suka aika don yin teburin su bisa buƙata ta musamman.
Wasu kayan masarufin ma sun zo a matsayin kyauta. Faranti, akushi, tureens, saucers, jugs, basins, daruna, turare da spittoons, wasu abubuwa ne da ake amfani dasu yau da kullun, waɗanda aka shirya zuwa tebur, bayan gida da kuma, wani lokacin, don kayan ado, waɗanda Sinawa zasu dace da su kayayyaki na gargajiya don biyan buƙatun ain a yamma.
Musamman ga kasuwar New Spain, anyi abubuwa iri-iri kamar su mancerinas - anyi amfani dasu tare da ƙoƙon don shan mashahurin cakulan - da jerin sabis na tebur, waɗanda babban kayan adonsu ya kunshi dangi ko garkuwar hukuma a tsakiyar ɓangarorin da sun yi shi
Irin wannan shine sanannen sanannen kayan tallatawa wanda ke da abin tunawa fiye da aikin amfani kuma an ba shi izini daga China don daga baya a rarraba shi tsakanin mashahuran mazaunan garin a matsayin abin tunawa da sanarwar Carlos IV zuwa gadon sarautar Spain. Don haka, Cityananan Hukumomin Mexico, Puebla de los Angeles, Valladolid (a yau Morelia), San Miguel El Grande (a yau Allende), Consulate na Mexico, Kotun Masarauta da Royal da Pontifical University sun ba da umarnin yin waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wani ɓangare mafi yawan bukukuwan murna na waccan al'umma ta baroque.
Garkuwan da aka wakilta a cikinsu an ɗauke su ne daga zane don lambobin tunawa da sanannen mai zane Gerónimo Antonio Gil, Babban Carver na Royal Mint kuma darakta na farko na Royal Academy na San Carlos, waɗanda suka yi samfuran lambobin yabo da yawa. tsakanin 1789 da 1791 don wasu kotuna, kansiloli da zauren gari, kuma a matsayin abin tunawa da taron. Amincin da Sinawa suka kwafi samfurinsu abin birgewa ne, tunda har ma sun sake sa hannun Gil a kan garkuwar da ke kawata abubuwan.
A cikin Mexico a yau wasu daga cikin waɗannan masarufi suna rayuwa, duka a cikin ɗakuna masu zaman kansu da kuma a gidajen tarihi, gami da National Museum of Viceroyalty ko Franz Mayer waɗanda ke nuna aƙalla fitattun misalai shida na jita-jita waɗanda a lokacinsu ɓangare ne na Tebur. na Sanarwa. Gabaɗaya, an yi gutsuren ɗin daga manna na yau da kullun wanda ke haifar da laushi wanda yayi kama da bawon lemu; duk da haka, muna jin daɗin kulawa dasu don ƙayyade ƙananan ƙananan bayanai a cikin enamelling.
Wadannan enamels an yi su ne da karfe mai launuka iri-iri, kodayake shuɗi, ja, kore, ruwan hoda da zinariya sun fi yawa. Yawancin kayan an kawata su da launuka masu launi, zinare na zinare da wani kan iyaka da aka sani da "Punta de Lanza", ma'ana, salo ko fassarar fleur de lis kuma wancan tare da yanayin m suna nuna cewa Kamfani ne na Kamfanin Indies.
A lokacin da mashahurai ke da wadataccen rayuwa, bambancin rayuwa mai wahala wanda ya shafi shagulgula da taruka wanda a ciki aka bayyana alatu a bayyane, cikin suttura da gidaje, wannan mai aron yana zaune a cikin wani babban wuri a cikin trousseau na gidajen sarauta da manyan gidaje, raba sararin samaniya tare da kayan yanka azurfa na Mexico, lu'ulu'u na Bohemian da kayan kwalliyar tebur tare da yadin Flanders.
Abun takaici, samar da Auren de Compania de Indias ya ragu yayin da Turawan suka kammala fasahar ta ain - mafi kyawun kayan tukwane - amma babu shakka gaskiya ne cewa wannan zane mai ban mamaki daga kasar Sin yayi tasiri sosai ga dandano na Mexungiyar Meziko a wancan lokacin kuma wannan yana bayyana a cikin samar da yumbu na cikin gida, musamman na Talavera Puebla, a cikin sifofinsa da kuma kayan kwalliyarta.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 25 Yuli / Agusta 1998
