Gidajen ibada da majami'u na Querétaro, an kafa su ne don ƙarfafa ruhun waɗanda suke kan gaba a aikin bishara a yankin, suna ba da labarin abubuwan da suka gabata. San su!
Wandering ba tare da dalili ba ta cikin titunan birnin Querétaro ita ce hanya mafi kyau don kusantar ran wannan birni mulkin mallaka. Tsakanin murabba'ai da lambuna waɗanda ke shimfida manyan gidaje masu kyau waɗanda aka gada daga wakilcin, hanyar tana jagorantarmu ta ɓangarorin da ba a san su ba da kuma ɓoyayyun filayen, waɗanda ke nuna mana ainihin Querétaro.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na lokacin mulkin mallaka, Querétaro na ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen birni masu mahimmanci a cikin New Spain, tunda hakan ya nuna iyakar abin da suka kira duniyar wayewa: ga masu mulkin mallaka, gaba arewa akwai barna kawai, kuma don Sun ɗauka ya zama dole a cikin yankin don samo wuraren bautar gumaka da wuraren ibada inda aka ƙarfafa ruhun mabiya da na addini. Franciscans, Discalced Carmelites, Jesuits da Dominicans ba su jira ba kuma suka isa Querétaro don fara cin nasara na ruhaniya na yankin, wanda aka sani da Inside Earth. Yawancin yawancin gidajen ibada da wuraren ibada waɗanda suka cika gari sun samo asali ne tun daga wancan lokacin kuma har yau ma suna ba mu labarin kyawawan abubuwan da suka gabata.
Querétaro koyaushe ana ɗaukarsa wuri mai mahimmanci saboda nisan da ya raba shi da Garin Mexico. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na sake fasalin da Tsarin Faransa, ya kasance yanayin ci gaba da faɗa tsakanin masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, suna fama da mummunan sakamako. A wancan lokacin manyan abubuwan tarihi sun yi asara, da kuma dukiyoyi masu muhimmanci na fasaha; an rusa gidajen ibada da yawa kuma harsashin gininsu ya farfashe, yayin da aka jefa bagadansa na katako mai zana a wuta. Tuni a cikin zamanin Porfirian, yawancin gidajen ibada an maido da su, suna ƙoƙarin girmama tsarin ciki na sabon zamanin; Hakanan, murabba'ai, lambuna, kasuwanni da sabbin gine-gine an gina su don maye gurbin wuraren lalata gidajen ibada da majami'u.
Kodayake jihar ta sake kasancewa fagen fama da manyan yaƙe-yaƙe yayin Juyin Juya Hali, gine-ginenta da wuraren tarihinta ba su sami hasara kamar na ƙarni na ƙarshe ba, godiya ga abin da, a yau, har ila yau, muke jin daɗin kyansu.
Don jin daɗin Querétaro dole ne ku san shi, kuma don wannan shine mafi kyawu shine a fara a Plaza de Armas, wurin farawa da wurin haduwa na hanyoyi daban-daban. Wadannan hanyoyi masu hade-hade, masu isa ga masu tafiya ne kawai, wadanda suka kunshi mafi tsufa kuma mafi kyan gani a cikin garin kuma sun ba wa cibiyar halaye na musamman da suka sha bamban. Wuraren titi da kusurwoyin da ke kiyaye tarihin garin a raye kuma suna da sunaye masu ban sha'awa kamar "Calle de Bimbo" saboda yawan cokulan da take dasu, ko "El Callejón del Ciego", an sake mayar dasu kuma sun zama wurare masu cike da haske da launi.
Barin tafiya ta 5 de Mayo mun isa Lambun Zenea, wani wuri mai daɗi da kore wanda ke aiki azaman shimfiɗa na haikalin da tsohon zuhudun San Francisco. Ginin wannan hadadden hadadden ya fara ne a kusan 1548, kodayake ginin farko, tare da nutsuwa da sauƙi, an rushe shi a tsakiyar karni na 17. Gidan zuhudu na yanzu shine aikin mai ginin Sebastián Bajas Delgado kuma an gudanar dashi tsakanin 1660 da 1698. An kammala ginin haikalin a farkon karni na 18. Fuskar haikalin tana da agogo, a ƙarƙashinta ana iya ganin saukakken sassaƙa na Manzo Santiago, hoto wanda ke nuni da bayyanar manzo da kafuwar gari. Haikalin, wanda aka gina ta da tsauni mai ɗauke da dutse sau uku da dome da aka rufe da faren Talavera, yayi aiki a matsayin babban coci har ƙarni biyu, a lokacin ne aka kera bagade na neoclassical, wanda ya bambanta sosai da ɓarkewar baroque na sauran majami'u.
Babban hadadden ginin da haikalin ya gina da kuma gidan ibada ta haikalin da kuma gidan ibada bai tsira daga gyarawa ba, tunda a zamanin gwamna mai sassaucin ra'ayi Benito Zenea ya rasa atrium da majami'un sa, waɗanda aka canza su zuwa Plaza de la Constitución da Lambun na yanzu Zenea Babban mashahurin mashahurin shine yau hedkwatar Gidan Tarihi na yankin na Querétaro, wanda ke da ɗayan shahararrun ɗakunan zane-zane a cikin ƙasar, da kuma ɗakunan baje koli daban daban waɗanda aka keɓe don tarihin Mexico.
A gaban haikalin San Francisco, an haifi ɗayan mahimman jijiyoyin birni, titin Madero, inda wasu manyan sanannun majami'u da manyan gidajen Querétaro suke. A kusurwa tare da Guerrero Street the haikalin da tsohon gidan zuhudu na Santa Clara. An kirkiro gidan Sarauta na Santa Clara de Jesús a wajajen shekara ta 1606, lokacin da mataimaki Don Juan de Mendoza ya ba da izinin Don Diego de Tapia ya gina mabubbugar addinan Franciscan, don ɗiyar shi, yar zuhudu. Ginin ya fara ne jim kaɗan bayan haka kuma an kammala shi a 1633. A lokacin mulkin mallaka yana ɗaya daga cikin manya kuma mafi mahimmanci majami'u a cikin New Spain, amma a yau kawai coci da ƙaramin ɗari ne, tunda an lalata wani ɓangare da yawa daga ciki a lokacin yakin Reform. Lokacin da Yaƙin neman 'Yanci ya fara, Doña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez ya yi aiki a matsayin kurkuku. A cikin haikalin zaka iya ganin kyawawan ɗakunan bagadensa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, daga inda matan zuhudu suka halarci hidimomin, sun rabu da sauran saitin ta hanyar shinge, kuma manyan ƙatattun ƙofofin bagade da zauren.
A kusurwar Melchor Ocampo da Madero akwai gidan ibada da tsohon gidan zuhudu na San Felipe Neri. Ginin San Felipe ya faɗi a 1786 kuma an kammala shi a 1805. A waccan shekarar ta sami albarkar Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, wanda ya jagoranci taro na farko. A cikin 1921 Paparoma Benedict na 16 ya ayyana shi a matsayin babban coci. An gina haikalin da dutse mai daraja kuma an gina bagadensa da zina. Façade kyakkyawan misali ne na canzawa tsakanin Baroque da Neoclassical. Façade yana ɗayan ɗayan ayyukan baroque na ƙarshe na birni kuma a ciki zaku iya sha'awar abubuwa masu ban sha'awa iri daban-daban, kamar manyan ginshiƙai da medallions. A nata bangaren, mashigar gidan ibada tana da nutsuwa da ma'amala, ma'ana, cikakke neoclassical. Tsohon gidan zuhudu a halin yanzu yana dauke da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Birane da Ayyukan Jama'a, wanda aka sani da suna "Palacio de Conín", don tunawa da wanda ya kafa garin.
Wurare biyu daga babban cocin, a kusurwar Ezequiel Montes da Janar Arteaga, haikalin yana nan kuma shi ne gidan zuhudu na Santa Rosa de Viterbo. Haikalin yana nuna iyakar ƙawancen da Baroque ya isa a Querétaro, wanda ke bayyane a waje da ciki. A façade za mu iya ganin tagwayen ƙofofin da ke nuna halaye na ɗimbin mata, da kuma gindi masu tashi sama, waɗanda ke da aikin ado kawai. A ciki, an hau mimbarin da hauren giwa, uwar lu'u-lu'u, kunkuru da azurfa, gabobin da bututun da aka sassaka cikin itace da kyau. A cikin sacristy akwai ɗayan shahararrun hotunan sabon zanen Spain, na Sister Ana María de San Francisco y Neve, wanda aka danganta shi ga maigidan José Páez.
Gidan zuhudu ya fara ne a 1670, lokacin da wasu ma'auratan Katolika suka gina wasu ɗakuna masu ƙasƙanci a cikin lambunsu don 'ya'yansu mata uku su fara da gudanar da rayuwarsu ta ruhaniya. Daga baya, Don Juan Caballero y Ocio ya ba da izinin gina ƙarin ɗakunan da ɗakin bautar. Matan zuhudu sun sadaukar da rayuwarsu ga ilimi kuma a cikin 1727 an kira shi Royal College na Santa Rosa de Viterbo. A 1867 an rufe gidan zuhudu kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman asibiti har zuwa 1963. A yau ya koma zama cibiyar ilimi kuma yara maza sun dawo cike da hanyoyinta da azuzuwa.
A kan kusurwar Allende da Pino Suárez ne haikalin da tsohon gidan zuhudu na San Agustín. Ginin haikalin an danganta shi ne ga Don Ignacio Mariano de las Casas kuma ya fara ne a 1731. A kan façade na sober quarry falon, hoton Almasihu wanda aka gicciye yana kewaye da itacen inabi da kuma abubuwan da ke kan façade sun yi fice, waɗanne hotuna ne na Saint Joseph, da Virgen de los Dolores, Santa Mónica, Santa Rita, San Francisco da San Agustín. Dome nata ɗayan kyawawan kyawawan Baroque na Mexico, kuma a ciki zaka iya sha'awar mala'iku masu girman rai; Hasumiyar Haikalin ba ta ƙare ba.
Friars sun mamaye majami'ar daga 1743, kodayake aikin ya ci gaba a rabin rabin karni na 18. Cloister na gidan zuhudu shine ɗayan kyawawan abubuwanda aka tsara na tsarin Augustine a Amurka kuma ɗayan manyan misalan Baroque a duniya. Sanannen sanannen sanannen sanannen sanye ne da katanga da ginshiƙan da ke watsi da farfajiyar ciki. Figures na dutse mai ban mamaki suna fitowa daga ginshiƙan, waɗanda suke da alama suna kallon baƙi. Hotunan da ke ƙasa suna ba da fuskokin fuskoki waɗanda, duk da komai, suna iya jan hankalinmu kuma su burge mu, yayin da tasirin a saman matakin duk iri ɗaya ne kuma motsinsu ya fi kwanciyar hankali. A saman baka akwai jerin abubuwa masu haɗe-haɗe waɗanda ke samar da sarkar da ke ɗaukar waɗannan halittun fursuna.
Tsohon gidan ibada na San Agustín ya karbi bakuncin kyawawan kayan gargajiya na Art of Querétaro tun daga 1988. Tana da tarin dindindin wanda ya haɗa da ayyukan Turai da na Meziko daga ƙarni na sha huɗu, kazalika da keɓaɓɓiyar tarin Sabon zanen Sifen, asalin addini.
An nesa da tsakiyar gari shi ne farkon hadadden taron zuhudu da aka kafa a Querétaro, haikalin da kuma gidan Santa Cruz de los Milagros. Don magana game da wannan rukunin, dole ne ku nitsa cikin tarihin kafuwar Querétaro. Labari ya nuna cewa a 1531, Fernando de Tapia, wanda sunansa Otomí Conín, ya jagoranci sojojinsa don yakar sojojin Chichimeca a tsaunin Sangremal. A tsakiyar yakin mai zafi, daya dayan sun lura da wani haske mai kayatarwa wanda ya dauki hankalin su: a tsakiyar sa kuma an dakatar da shi a cikin iska wani farar fata da ja sun bayyana, kuma kusa da shi manzo Santiago ya hau kan farin doki. . Da wannan bayyanar ta mu'ujiza yaƙin ya ƙare kuma Fernando de Tapia ya mallaki yankin. Chichimecas ya gabatar kuma ya nemi a sanya gicciye a kan tsaunin Sangremal a matsayin alama ta mu'ujiza da ta faru a can. A cikin wannan shekarar ne aka gina ƙaramin ɗakin sujada zuwa Gicciye Mai Tsarki kuma a tsakiyar karni na 17th an gina coci da gidan zuhudu.
An maido da haikalin gaba daya kuma babban abin jan hankalin yana ciki, inda akwai sassaƙaƙƙun dutse na Gicciyen Mai Tsarki wanda ya bayyana a sararin samaniya a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1531. Hakanan zaka iya ganin kyawawan wuraren bagaden bagaruwa masu launin ruwan hoda waɗanda Sun kasance daga Baroque zuwa salon Neoclassical.
Gidan gidan ibada na Santa Cruz na ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen Queretaro wanda ya ga mafi yawan tarihi wucewa ta hanyoyinsa. Tun daga 1683 ita ce hedkwatar Kwalejin Mishan na Furofaganda Fide, ɗayan mahimman kolejoji don masu bishara a Amurka. Oneaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kammala wannan kwalejin shi ne Fray Junípero Serra, wanda, kasancewarsa shugaban ofisoshin, ya sadaukar da kansa don nazarin yanayin rayuwar sunayen don sauƙaƙa wahalar da ƙuncin da suke ciki.
Lokacin da ƙungiyar 'Yancin kai ta fara, gidan zuhudu gidan yarin magajin garin Querétaro ne, Don Miguel Domínguez, kuma' yan shekaru daga baya Iturbide ta ɗauka don ta sami damar mamaye Querétaro daga tsaunin. Lokaci ya wuce kuma Faransawa suka iso.
Maximilian na Habsburg ya yi amfani da gidan zuhudu a matsayin hedkwatar sa kuma daga baya ya zama kurkukun sa na farko.
A yau zaku iya ziyartar wasu sassa na gidan zuhudu: tsohon ɗakin girki da tsarin sanyaya ɗabi'unsa na ɗabi'a, ɗakin cin abinci –a ƙara kiran shi refectory-, da kuma kwayar da Maximiliano ya mamaye; Wasu zane-zane daga ƙarni na sha bakwai da goma sha takwas kuma ana kiyaye su, da kuma lambun tsakiya, wanda shahararren itace ke tsirowa wanda ƙayarsa ta yi kama da gicciyen Latin.
Querétaro, a takaice, birni ne mai birgewa wanda fasaha, almara da al'ada ke haɗuwa a kowane juyi. Gidajen ibada da abubuwanda ke ba da lokaci suna adana lokaci kuma suna ɓoye asirin sanannun mutanen da suka ƙirƙira tarihin Meziko.
