A ƙarshen shekarun 90, samfuran 170 ne kawai suka yi rijistar wannan nau'in jinsin. A yau, albarkacin shirin "Ajiye Pronghorn", akwai fiye da 500 kuma muna iya cewa yawan su yana ƙaruwa.
A cikin filayen bakin teku na yankin Baja California, musamman a yankin da muka sani yanzu a matsayin Hamada na El Vizcaino, pronghorn sun kasance dubban shekaru. Wannan ya tabbatar da shi ta hanyar zanen kogo wanda har yanzu zamu iya yabawa a cikin wasu kogon da kuma shaidun waɗanda suka zo wannan. Har yanzu matafiya daga ƙarshen karni na 19 suna magana akan manyan garken garken da ake lura dasu akai-akai. Amma a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan lamarin ya canza zuwa cutar lahani na peninsular pronghorn. Farautar ta lalata yawan su cikin hanzari. Yawan wuce gona da iri ya bayyana a fili cewa a cikin 1924 gwamnatin Mexico ta hana farautar su, haramcin da rashin alheri ba shi da wani tasiri. Yawan jama'a ya ci gaba da raguwa, kuma ƙididdigar shekarun saba'in da tamanin sun nuna matakai masu ban tsoro, suna haifar da ƙananan ƙananan cikin jerin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗarin ƙarewa (duka ƙasashen duniya da na Mexico).
Rufe mazaunin su
Mafi munin barazanar da ke tattare da rayuwar kwayar halittar peninsular sun hada da halittar mutum, ma'ana, asalinsu ya ta'allaka ne ga mu'amalarsu da mutane. Abu na farko shine farauta a ma'auni fiye da yadda halittu zasu iya murmurewa. Hakanan mawuyacin hali ya kasance canjin mazauninsu, kamar yadda gina shinge, hanyoyi da sauran matsaloli a cikin hamada suka katse hanyoyin ƙaura tare da keɓe pronghorn, suna nesanta shi daga wuraren ciyarwar gargajiya da wuraren mafaka.
Don haka, ƙidayar da aka gudanar a cikin 1995 ta kiyasta yawan mutanen da ke cikin ƙananan ƙasashen da ba su kai mutum 200 ba, galibi sun fi mayar da hankali ne a filayen bakin teku waɗanda ke cikin Zoneungiyar Muhalli ta El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve. Ba a musanta wannan barazanar ba.
Fata a gare su ...
Neman fuskantar wannan halin, a shekarar 1997 Kamfanin Motar Mota da masu rarraba ta, Espacios Naturales y Desarrollo Sustentable AC, da Gwamnatin Tarayya, ta hanyar El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, suka haɗu don ceton zuriya ta zagon ƙasa daga yiwuwar halaka ta ta hanyar ƙaddamar da Shirin "Ajiye Pronghorn". Tsarin ya kasance na dogon lokaci kuma ya hada da matakai biyu. Na farko (1997-2005) yana da babbar manufar sake juya yanayin rage yawan jama'a, ma'ana, don neman akwai samfuran samari da yawa. Mataki na biyu (daga 2006 zuwa gaba) yana da manufa biyu: a wani bangare don karfafa ci gaban karuwar jama'a kuma a daya bangaren, don samar da yanayin da zai dawo da zama, girma da ci gaba a mazaunin ta. Ta wannan hanyar, ba wai kawai halittun za su murmure ba, amma za a ceto yanayin halittar hamada, wanda ya talauta ta rashin sa.
Lines na aiki
1 Tsanani. Ya kunshi kirkirar yanayi ba tare da wata barazana ba, garken dabbobin daji, inda masu fada a ji suke samun kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban su, a wasu kalmomin, kafa "masana'anta" don neman karuwar lafiyar jama'a cikin koshin lafiya.
2 Mai fadi. Yana neman haɓaka iliminmu a cikin ɓangarorin ƙananan ƙananan mazauna da mazauninsa, ta hanyar ci gaba da tafiye-tafiye zuwa yankin pronghorn tare da kulawa da kula da garken daji.
3 Kimantawa. Wannan layin aikin yana nufin mazauna gida ne da nufin yin tasiri game da canjin halaye da sake kimanta maganganun da kuma kasancewarsa a El Vizcaíno. Labari ne game da sanya su cikin aikin kiyayewa.
Sake neman hamada
Shirin "Ajiye Pronghorn" ya samu karbuwa a kasashen duniya da ma duniya. A karo na farko a cikin shekaru da yawa, yawan ya karu kowace shekara. Zuwa lokacin bazara 2007 tuni an sami kofi fiye da 500. Har ma mafi mahimmanci, "masana'anta," wanda ake kira Tashar Berrendo, ya riga ya samar da sama da 100 kowace shekara.
A watan Maris na 2006, a karo na farko an sake garken garken garken da aka kama a cikin tashar Pronghorn, wanda ya kunshi mata 25 da maza biyu, a cikin daji. An sake su a cikin La Choya Peninsula, yanki mai girman hekta 25,000 a El Vizcaíno, inda pronghorn ya zauna tsawon shekaru kuma inda suka ɓace sama da shekaru 25 da suka gabata. An kuma gina tashar La Choya domin lura da halayyar garken da aka saki.
Bayan shekara guda na ci gaba da sa ido, an gano cewa halayensu suna kama da na maganganun daji.
Babban makasudin shirin ya ci gaba da kasancewa don samar da yanayi ta yadda lafiyayyiyar al'umma mai dorewa za ta iya rayuwa tare da hakikanin muhallin ta, mu'amala mai kyau tare da al'ummar da ke yaba mata, ba wai don kimarta a matsayin jinsin ba, amma kuma don dukiyarta. da kuma daidaitawar da gabanta ya kawo a mazaunin El Vizcaíno Desert. Wannan ƙalubale ne ga duk yan ƙasar Mexico.
Gabaɗaya na pronghorn peninsular
• Yana zaune a filayen hamada da ke iyaka da teku kuma wanda ba ya wuce mita 250 sama da matakin teku.
Sauran rabe-raben suna rayuwa sama da mita 1,000 sama da matakin teku.
• Wadanda ke cikin Sonoran da kuma rairayin bakin teku na iya yin dogon lokaci ba tare da shan ruwa ba, tunda sun tsamo shi daga raɓar shuke-shuke. Yana da shuke-shuke, yana cin ciyawa, shrubs, ganye da furanni, har ma da tsire-tsire masu guba ga wasu nau'in.
• Ita ce mafi saurin shayarwa a Amurka, tana kaiwa da kawowa tsere a kilomita 95 / h. Koyaya, bakin teku bai yi tsalle ba Katanga mai tsawon mita 1.5 na iya zama cikas mara iyaka.
• Manyan idanuwan sa kyawawa ne na gaske. Suna daidai da gilashin gilashi 8x, kuma suna da hangen nesa na digiri 280, wanda zai basu damar fahimtar motsi har zuwa nisan kilomita 6.
• Kofato-kokensu ya farfashe layin gishirin da ke rufe filayen bakin teku kuma abubuwan da suke fitarwa sun zama taki. Don haka, an kirkiro kananan "gandun daji" ko "niches" a cikin hanyoyin pronghorn wadanda ke ba da gudummawa ga jerin kayan abinci na hamada, mahalli mafi wahalar rayuwa. Saboda wannan dalili, kasancewar garken garken dabbobi na da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaitattun tsire-tsire a cikin hamada.
• Shine kawai jinsin dake cikin gidan antilocapridae, kuma yana rayuwa ne kawai a Arewacin Amurka. Sunan kimiyya na jinsin shine Antilocapra americana. Akwai rukuni biyar kuma uku daga cikinsu suna zaune a Meziko: Antilocapra americana mexicana, a Coahuila da Chihuahua; Antilocapra americana sonorensis, a cikin Sonora; da kuma yankin Antilocapra americana peninsularis, wanda kawai ake samun sa a yankin Baja California (endemic). Dukkanin kananan kungiyoyin guda uku suna cikin hadari na karewa kuma an lasafta su a matsayin jinsunan kariya.
