Manufofin, duwatsun farko na mafarkin Californian, yanayin ci gaban yammacin duniya, ba a san su sosai ba.
Manufofin, duwatsun farko na mafarkin Californian, yanayin ci gaban yammacin duniya, ba a san su sosai ba.
Ana la'akari da tsibiri na dogon lokaci, yankin ya kasance wutar makera ce ga Baturewan farko da suka yi ƙoƙari su ziyarce ta. A yaren Latin suna kiranta da calla fornaxy don haka ne aka samo sunan California. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, ya gano cewa yanki ne, kuma filayen da aka samo a arewa ana kiransu Alta California.
Bayan yakin Meziko da Amurka na 1848, maharan ba kawai sun dace da yankin arewacin Californian ba, har ma da ainihin sunan da a cikin adalci ya dace da yankin da Mexico ta kiyaye, wanda ke da babban tarihi da al'ada.
A watan Oktoba na wannan shekara za a yi bikin karni na mulkin mallaka na Californias. A wannan watan, amma a shekara ta 1697, an kafa manufa ta farko a wurin da yanzu ake kira Loreto, Baja California Sur.
A cikin 1535 Hernán Cortés ya gudanar da wani muhimmin bincike a bakin teku, amma shi da matuƙan jirgin sa kawai suna da sha'awar tattara lu'lu'u ne kuma ba za su dawo ba. Centuryarnin da rabi dole ne ya wuce don sauran baƙi don su zauna a waɗannan rairayin bakin teku, inda makiyaya ke zama kuma kusan koyaushe suna da adawa. Waɗannan mazan mutane ba masu nasara ba ne ko masu jirgin ruwa, amma masu ƙasƙantar da mishaneri.
Wancan yankin da aka yi watsi da shi, yanki na ƙarshe, Mexico da ba a kula da shi, yanzu ya rikice ta hanyar zamani da haɓakar yawon buɗe ido da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin hoto da kwatankwacin takwararta ta Amurka. A halin yanzu manufa, duwatsu na farko na mafarkin Californian, yanayin ci gaban yammacin duniya, ba a san su sosai ba. A cikin ashirin din da suka wanzu, tara ne kawai ke tsaye.
LORETO
A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1697, Uba na Jesuit Juan María de Salvatierra, ya kafa manufa ta farko, aka yi masa baftisma da sunan Our Lady of Loreto, don girmamawa ga shahararriyar Budurwa ta asalinsa Italiya. An ƙaddamar da aikin a cikin tanti kaɗan, amma aikin bishara tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar ya ba da izinin fara haikalin dutse a cikin 1699, wanda kodayake yanzu ɗakin sujada mai mahimmin manufa, shine ginin da ya fi tsufa a cikin Californias.
Koyar da katechism ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ke da wuya, har sai da farannin Loreto suka yanke shawarar kiran su su ci abinci. A cikin manyan tukwane waɗanda har yanzu ana adana su, an shirya wani nau'in pozole wanda ya sa koyarwar ta kasance mai daɗi, kamar yadda darektan Gidan Tarihi na Ofishin Jakadancin, Estela Gutiérrez Fernández, ya bayyana mana.
Ya kuma fada mana cewa a yayin bikin cika shekaru 300 da fara aikin Loreto, ana da niyyar aiwatar da ayyukan kiyayewa a dukkan su, haka kuma a wani tsohon bangare na tashar jirgin ruwan Loreto, wanda tsofaffin gidajen katako suka rage rabin dozin.
SAN JAVIER
Firist ɗin Loreto, Isaac Villafaña, yana tafiya a cikin motarsa kusan sau uku a wata a hanya mai haɗari, tsakanin duwatsu, wanda ke kaiwa ga aikin San Javier, kuma babu addini a wurin. Yin tafiya zuwa wannan ƙaramin garin yana komawa baya kuma yana ganin adobe da gidajen dabino. Hasumiyar kararrawa, kayan kwalliyar kwalliya da kayan aikin Baroque guda uku na wannan aikin da aka kafa a 1699, wanda ya cancanci gari, abin mamaki a cikin wannan wuri mai nisa da ba kowa.
MULEGÉ
Yaƙin da Mezikowa suka sa Amurkawa gudu a Yaƙin 1847 shi ne a Mulegé. A waccan shekarar an riga an watsar da aikin gida, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1705, yayin da aka kori Jesuit daga New Spain a cikin 1768.
An gina Santa Rosalía de Mulegé a kusa da wani kogi da kuma gabar Tekun Cortez. Wannan shine mafi girman hankali da damuwa daga ayyukan. Lokacin ziyartar Mulegé, yana da ban sha'awa kuma ziyarci Gidan Tarihi na Al'umma wanda yake a cikin tsohuwar kurkuku.
SAN IGNACIO
A cikin wani yankin da ke kusa da tsakiyar yankin larabawa, inda dabino ya yawaita, garin San Ignacio ne. Godiya ga aiki na yau da kullun da goyon bayan masu aminci, shine mafi kyaun aikin kiyayewa. Abubuwan bagade, zane-zane da kayan ɗakinta asali ne daga ƙarni na 18.
SANTA GERTRUDIS
Ofishin Santa Gertrudis yana cikin jihar Baja California, sabanin huɗun da suka gabata waɗanda suke cikin Baja California Sur.
An kafa shi a cikin 1752, Santa Gertrudis, gini ne mai ƙarfi wanda ganuwar sa, rumbunan sa da fa displayade ke nuna aikin dutse mai daraja. Yana dauke da tarin mahimmin yanki na mulkin mallaka kuma hasumiyar kararrawa asalin asali ne domin an rabu da haikalin.
Uba Mario Menghini Pecci, haifaffen Italiya ne amma tare da shekaru 46 yana aiki a cikin teku, ya sami kuɗi da taimakon fasaha don maido da haikalin wannan aikin.
Na farko, dole ne ya samo, tare da wasu 'yan Baja California, wata ƙungiya mai suna Mejibó A.C., kalmar da ke kukan farin ciki daga jama'ar asalin Cochimí. Sannan ya sami taimako daga parastatal Exportadora de Sal, S.A. da gwamnan Baja California, Héctor Terán.
SAN BORJA
Kusan kilomita dari daga arewacin Santa Gertrudis, a cikin Baja California, a cikin kusan kusan gandun daji ne, inda pitahayas da choyas suka yawaita, da katunan katako da kyandirori da suka kai tsayin mita tara, shine aikin San Borja.
An kafa shi a cikin 1762, shi ne na ƙarshe daga cikin ayyukan da aka gina akan yankin teku. Yana da fifikon cewa akwai wasu kango na ado na asalin haikalin, 'yan mitoci kaɗan daga haikalin dutse wanda Dominicans suka gina bayan tashin Jesuit; wanda yake mai ban tsoro amma yana da mahimmanci.
Saboda watsar da shi, gidan ajiyar San Borja ya kasance mara kyau kuma ya rasa karkatarwa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa zai iya faɗuwa idan ba a sake gina shi ba. Firist Mario Menghini, wanda yanzu yake aiki a matsayin wakilin episcopal don maido da ayyukan Baja California guda biyu, ya bayyana mana cewa ba a sake dawo da wannan rukunin yanar gizon ba kuma cewa kasafin kuɗi don aikin kuɗi pesos miliyan dubu 600, saboda yana buƙatar gyara sosai. Koyaya, San Borja ɗayan ɗayan manufa ce da aka fi so tsakanin matafiya don asali da kyakkyawa.
A CIKIN SAURAN MANUFOFI
A cikin Baja California Sur wasu mishan uku sun rayu; La Paz da Todos Santos, a cikin garuruwan da suke da sunaye iri ɗaya, sun rasa tsohuwar bayyanar su saboda ayyukan yau da kullun da ake yi na wauta, don haka ba su da wata sha'awa. A gefe guda kuma, San Luis Gonzaga, wanda aka kafa a 1740, yana cikin asalin sa, yana kiyaye halayen asalin sa kuma shine mafi ƙarancin duka.
Manufofin Baja California dukiyar gaskiya ce waɗanda zasu iya sake haskakawa amma yana ɗaukar kulawa sosai da aiki don cimma shi.
Source: Ba a san Meziko ba Mai lamba 248 / Oktoba 1997
