Speleology yana ba da gamsuwa mara iyaka, daga waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙalubalen tunani, kamar shawo kan matsalar damuwa da tsoro da zurfin zurfafawa, ga farin cikin da ke tattare da waɗancan lokacin lokacin da aka kammala shimfidar yanayin kogo bayan aikin awoyi marasa ƙarewa. laka, guano, ruwa da sanyi.
A wani bangaren kuma, jin dadin kai wa ga karshen daya daga wadancan kogunan da masu farautar dukiyar suka yi niyyar shiga 'yan mitoci kaɗan a ciki ba za a iya misaltawa ba.
Kwanan nan mun gano cewa ana iya samun abubuwan mamaki waɗanda ba a tsammani a cikin kogon dutse. Misali, abin da yayi kama da kogo ya zama wani abu gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin da, a cikin 1985, muka kafa mazauninmu a Pinar de la Venta, Jalisco, muna faɗakarwa ga duk wani abin da ke nuna kasancewar "kogwanni." Wata rana mun lura da wani abu kamar wannan a kusancin La Venta del Astillero, kuma mun yanke shawarar bincika.
An gabatar da ƙofar a matsayin babban bakin mai siffar baka, mai tsayin 17 m da 5 m, wanda ya haifar da wani katon ɗaki wanda aka haskaka shi da hasken wuta wanda ya ratsa ta cikin buɗe-ƙofa zagaye guda uku - 50 ko 60 cm faɗi. diamita- located tare da rufi. Abin sha'awa! Munyi tunani. Wannan ramin yana da zurfin zurfin mita 70, yana da fadi 10 kuma yana da tsayi 20 kuma ya zama kamar ya hango ƙarshenta ne ta hanyar wani babban tudun ƙasa daga zaftarewar ƙasa, wanda muka tabbatar lokacin hawa. Babban ramin da alama an ƙirƙira shi da gangan (a bayyane yake da abubuwan fashewa). Har ila yau, an buge mu da gaskiyar cewa, a ɗaya gefen dutsen, kogon yana da alama yana ci gaba a cikin wata ƙaramar ramin (3 ko 4 m faɗi); tunda ba mu da ƙungiyar gangara dole ne mu bar wannan aikin zuwa wani lokaci. Ko ta yaya, mun yi rangadi a cikin inda inda kogon yake kamar yana ci gaba. Don ƙara ba mu mamaki, 'yan mitoci kaɗan a gaba mun sami rami daidai da waɗanda suke cikin babban ramin, kuma an taimaka mana da hasken tocila da duwatsu da muka jefa a ciki, mun kiyasta zurfin mita 20. Bugu da kari, mun lura da wani layin da ya yi daidai daga kofar kogon da durkushewa. Mun yi tafiya kadan kuma mun sami wani rami makamancin haka mai zurfin irin wannan.
Kwanaki bayan haka, a cikin kamfanin masanin kimiyyar kasa Henri de Saint Pierre, mun sami jimlar ramuka masu ban mamaki guda 75, wadanda aka tsara a madaidaiciya layin zuwa arewa, tare da tazarar 11 da 12 a tsakanin daya da wancan, na farkon 29. Nisan tsakanin sauran sun banbanta. A 260 m layin ya zama "Y". Wani sashe ya juya yamma zuwa tsaunin El Tepopote. Dayan ya nufi arewa maso gabas, amma saboda guguwar bishiyar ba mu iya bincika shi ba. A wannan yammacin mun zana tare da Henri taswirar farfajiyar wurin baƙon.
Menene abin game? Idan an kirkireshi saboda dalilai na dabi'a, kamar yadda Henri yayi tsammani, ta yaya abin ya faru? Idan saboda hannun mutum ne, me zai iya zama dalilin irin wannan bakon aiki? Ala kulli hal, gaskiyar abin da ke daidai a lokacin shi ne cewa mun sami kogo da ƙofar shiga 75 a yankin kusan kilomita ɗaya.
Binciken da muka sauka ta daya daga cikin ramuka ya nuna kasancewar ruwa a kasa, da kuma ragowar najasar dan adam a wuraren da ke kusa da ranchería. Daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba, tunanin mantawa da bincike ya manta.
Wata rana, duk da haka, mun yi gangarowa a wurin rushewar ginin. Babu shakka abin da muka samo a kan hanyarmu zai ƙayyade balaguron.
Ta hanyar sanya ƙafafunmu a ƙasa ba tare da jin wani ƙamshi mai daɗi ba, hankalinmu ya karkata ga wurin da kanta. Ba mu yi kuskure ba. Ya kasance rami ne mai siffar rami mai tsari, wanda aka sassaka shi a cikin tokar dutsen mai fitad da wuta wanda a karnonin da suka gabata ya zama enjal (daga inda kalmar "Jalisco" ta fito). Hasken rana ya faɗo ta cikin zagaye zagaye a cikin rufin, kamar ginshiƙan zinariya masu haske, kuma ya haskaka bangon wurin sannan ya bayyana a cikin rafin wanda, da wahala, yayi hanyar tsakanin wasu twan itace, duwatsu da tsofaffin datti da aka tara a wasu wurare. Mun fara tafiya zuwa cikin duhu ciki wanda daga baya 11 ko 12 m ya sake haskakawa. Kusan mil 150 a gaba, ƙasa ta faɗi don samar da rami wanda ya tilasta mana "chime" a hanya mai nisa. Sannan zamu sami gine-ginen cubic wanda aka yi da tubali da sassan tsohuwar bututu. Binciken ya tabbatar da abin da muka ji daga wasu mutane a La Venta: "An ce an daɗe ruwan da ya zo daga wurin ya wadata garin." Wani ya ba da tabbacin cewa, har yanzu a cikin 1911, an tattara ruwan don amfani da locomotives na tururi wanda ya tsaya a wurin. Babu wanda ya kawo mana wani bayani wanda zai kawo mu kusa da gano asalin kogon. Binciken wannan ranar ya ƙare yayin da muka gamu da tarin shara da suka haɗa da dabbobi fiye da ɗaya a cikin halin ci gaba sosai.
'YAN TA'ADDA SUKA SHIGA AIKI
Lokacin rani ya wuce lokacin 1993 lokacin da muka haɗu da masanin ilimin kimiyyar kayan tarihi Chris Beekman, wanda ya zo yin wasu ayyuka a dajin guda. Chris ya zauna a Pinar de la Venta kuma tun daga lokacin muka bi shi kan wasu bincikensa, muna ɗokin samun bayanai game da nasarorin magabatanmu.
A wani lokaci mun gayyace shi zuwa ga "shahararren kogonmu na mashigar 75." Yayin da suka tsallake bakin kofa, “babban dakin”, Chris ya waiga cikin mamaki. "MMM. Wannan ba alama ba ce ta dabi'a ”, ya ce kamar yana magana da kansa, kuma mu, da son sani, muka bi shi. "Dubi waɗancan maganganun na dogon lokaci?" Ya ci gaba, "Da alama ana yinsu ne da kayan karba ko makamancin haka," kuma shakku sun fara rawa a kawunanmu. Bayan haka, yana tambayar ra'ayinsa game da asalin ramuka, sai ya ɗora idanunsa kan ɗayan waɗancan buɗewar wacce, tun da daɗewa, cikin al'ajabi, muka kalli hasken rana yana sauka.
“Da kyau… da kyau… Aha!”, Kuma ya bukace mu da mu lura da dimple ɗin tare da rami, watakila a tona don kafa hannu da ƙafa. "Wannan ya fi kogo," ya yi tsokaci tare da kallon nasara a idanunsa.
A cikin 'yan wasu lokuta kaɗan mun gamsu cewa hannun mutum ya shiga cikin wannan kogon; cewa wannan kogon… wani abu ne daban.
Lokacin da Chris ya sanar da gogaggen masanin ilmin kimiyar kayan tarihi Phil Weigando game da shafin, yana zargin wani abu na musamman, bai bata lokaci ba.
"Ba shakka. Wannan ba shi da kyau, ”Weigand ya gaya mana da zaran ya shiga wurin. "Kuma, a zahiri, yana da mahimmanci na musamman saboda bayanan da zai samar mana game da irin wannan tsarin da ban ruwa a Amurka a lokacin mulkin mallaka," ya ci gaba. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, shine farkon qanat da aka gano a yammacin Mexico.
Unqanat (Kalmar larabci) bututun karkashin kasa ne wanda ruwa ke bi daga daya zuwa wancan. An tono ramin ƙasa a ƙasa teburin ruwa kuma ya ƙare a waɗancan wuraren da ake buƙatar ruwa. Ramukan da ke sama suna ba da iska da kuma sauƙaƙe zuwa ramin don gyara. Da zarar tsarin ya fara aiki, waɗannan ramuka an rufe su da dutse, wanda kusan kusan koyaushe muna samun kusan binne kusa da su. A ƙarshe an tattara ruwa a cikin wurin waha.
Dangane da binciken Weigand, ga wasu masana tarihi qanat sun fito ne daga Armeniya (karni na 15 kafin haihuwar Yesu); ga wasu, daga hamadar tsohuwar Farisa, yanzu Iran. Qanat mafi tsayi a cikin waɗannan yankuna kilomita 27 ne. Wannan fasaha mai ban mamaki, wacce aka kirkira don amfani da ita a cikin mummunan yanayin yanayi, ta yadu daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Afirka kuma Mutanen Spain ne suka kawo ta Mexico, wadanda suka koya daga Marokko. Daga cikin qanat da aka gano a Meziko, ana samun wasu a kwarin Tehuacán, a Tlaxcala, da kuma a Coahuila.
Chris Beekman ya kiyasta fadada kilomita 3.3 a wannan yankin duk da cewa, da goyan bayan sigar mutanen yankin, yana ganin zai iya kaiwa kimanin kilomita 8. Babban hanyar da aka hada ta da hanyoyin ruwa daban daban guda uku kuma ta kai ga wata tsohuwar kiwo a La Venta, inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkar noma a lokacin rani, lokacin da ba zai yuwu a kula da matakan ruwa mai kyau ba idan muka yi la’akari da cewa filin. yana da haɗuwa ta yanayi. Ta mahangar tattalin arziki, kamar yadda Weigand ya tabbatar, a lokacin mulkin mallaka, hakar rami - wanda daga ita tan dubu 160,000 ya fito - ya kasance sama da dukkan mahimmancin aiki.
Aikin da muka kutsa kai cikin kogon dutse, masanan kasa da kuma masu binciken kayan tarihi a elqanatde La Venta, na iya jawo hankalin masana tarihi na cikin gida don fara aiwatar da aka mai da hankali kan kiyayewa da kiyaye abin da yake wani bangare ne na kayan tarihi. Tasirin wannan aikin yana nufin ba wasu mutane dama su bi ta waɗannan hanyoyin kuma, da rana tsaka, yana mamakin lokacin da hasken rana ke sauka ta waɗancan ramuka zagaye waɗanda ke kafa ginshiƙai masu kyau na zinariya.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 233 / Yuli 1996
