Al'umma da al'adu a cikin Totonacapan II

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Muna da wasu siffofi waɗanda suka sake maimaita mana wannan garin tare da tufafinsu na al'ada da kayan adonsu, ɗauke da akwatuna masu alfarma ko ɗaukar fatar.

A cikinsu muna rarrabe tufafin da kyawawan mutane na lokacin suke sanyawa, wanda ya kunshi manya-manyan huipiles wadanda suka isa ƙafa. Yin nazarin abubuwan gumaka da ke cikin waɗannan zane-zane na yumɓu, mun gane cewa yawancin alloli na mutanen Mesoamerican sun riga sun girmama ta ga mutanen bakin teku a wannan zamani na zamani; muna da Tlaloc, allahn ruwan sama, wanda makafi suka gano cewa, kamar abin rufe fuska na al'ada, ya rufe fuskarsa; ubangijin matattu da aka ambata, wanda mutanen bakin teku suka yi wasu wakilcin salo na musamman; Huehuetéotl shima yana nan, tsohon allahn wuta, wanda asalinsa yake komawa zuwa lokacin Cuicuilco (shekaru 300 BC) a tsakiyar Mexico.

Da alama a kan Tekun Tekun Mexico akwai nacewa ta musamman a kan tsafin tsafi da suka shafi wasan al'ada na wasan kwallon, tunda an gano kotuna da yawa. A tsakiyar Veracruz, wasan ƙwallon yana da alaƙa da abin da ake kira "xaddarar karkiya, dabino da gatari", saitin ƙananan zane-zane masu tsaka-tsakin aiki a cikin duwatsu masu wuya da ƙarami cikin launuka masu launin kore da launin toka.

Da farko dai, dole ne a ce a ci gaban wasan, mahalarta sun kare kugu da gabobin ciki tare da bel mai fadi, mai yiwuwa da katako aka yi masa layi da auduga da kayan fata. Waɗannan masu karewa wataƙila su ne abubuwan da aka sassaka da zane-zanen da ake kira da karkiya, a cikin siffar kokin koki ko wasu a rufe. Masu zane-zanen sun yi amfani da damar da suke da ita don zana siffofi masu ban mamaki a bangon waje da kuma abubuwan da aka ƙare da ke tuna fuskokin feline ko batrachians, tsuntsayen dare, kamar mujiya, ko bayanan mutane.

Dabino yana bin sunan su ne saboda tsayin su mai tsawo da kuma mai lankwasawa mai kama da ganyen wannan itaciyar. Wasu marubutan sun yi la'akari da cewa za a iya amfani da su da kyau azaman alamar sanarwa wacce ta gano 'yan wasan ko ƙungiyoyinsu na' yan uwantaka. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan zane-zanen suna kama da jemage, wasu suna bayanin al'adun gargajiya wadanda muke gane jarumai masu nasara, kwarangwal wadanda dabbobin da ke cinsu ke cin namansu, ko wadanda aka yanka hadaya tare da bude akwatuna.

Dangane da abin da ake kira gatari, abin da za mu iya cewa game da su shi ne cewa an ɗauke su azaman fasalin dutse na kawunan da aka samo ta hanyar yankewa, wani yanki ne na ƙarshen wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Tabbas, sanannun sanannun abubuwa suna nuna mana siffofin mutane masu kyawun gaske, kamar sanannen gatari na mutum-dolphin wanda yake mallakar tarin Miguel Covarrubias; Hakanan akwai bayanan martabar dabbobi ko tsuntsaye masu shayarwa, amma mun yi biris da alaƙar kai tsaye tare da abin da ake zargi da hadaya.

Matsakaicin cigaban al'adu na wannan yanki mai gabar teku ya faru ne a wurin El Tajin, wanda ke kusa da garin murmushi na Papantla. A bayyane yake, ci gabanta ya ƙunshi aiki mai tsawo wanda ya tashi daga 400 zuwa 1200 AD, wato, daga Classic zuwa farkon Postclassic, a cikin Mediamerican periodification.

Bambancin tsayin filin a El Tajín ya ƙayyade yankuna biyu. Da farko dai, maziyarcin da ya isa shafin kuma ya fara tafiya ya tarar da wasu hadaddun gine-ginen gine-gine wadanda suke a kasan bangaren. Ofungiyar rafin da ƙungiyar Pyramid na Niches su ne ƙungiyoyin haɗin gine-ginen farko da suka fara faruwa; Latterarshen yana da sunan sanannen sanannen tsarin pyramidal wanda aka sani tun ƙarni na 18 kuma wanda ya sa garin kayan tarihi ya shahara. Aasa ne tare da jikin da aka hauhawa wanda halayen halayyar su sune haɗuwa da bango wanda ya haɗu da abubuwa waɗanda ke da goyan baya ta hanyar gangara kuma an gama su ta hanyar mashin mai faɗi. Mai kallon da ke tunanin wannan ginin ya sami kyakkyawar birgewa da girmamawa game da daidaitattun daidaito waɗanda waɗancan magini na asalin kakanninsu suka samu lokacin da suka sami nasarar daidaita girma da alheri.

A cikin kusancin Pyramid na Niches akwai kotunan wasan ƙwallo da yawa, waɗanda a cikin El Tajín suna da halin gaskiyar cewa bangon tsaye a cikin farfajiyar an yi masa ado da abubuwan taimako waɗanda ke bayyana lokutan da abubuwan da ke cikin wasanni na alfarma. A cikin wasan kwaikwayon mun fahimci fille kan ɗayan 'yan wasan, bautar maguey da fure, raye-raye da canzawar waɗanda aka cutar zuwa dabbobin samaniya kamar gaggafa. Masu zane-zane sun tsara kowane ɗayan al'amuran tare da kayan ado wanda aka daɗe ana kiransa "jigon Totonaco", wanda aka banbanta saboda wani nau'i na ƙugiya ko gungurawa suna haɗuwa ta hanyar sha'awa; A kallon farko zai zama kamar motsin ruwa ne, keɓewar gajimare ko tashin hankalin iska da guguwa.

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Bidiyo: KAWU SUMAILA YA FASA KWAI KAN RIKICIN APC (Mayu 2024).