Chichonal –also da ake kira Chichón - tsauni ne mai tsayi mai tsayin mita 1,060 wanda ke arewa maso yammacin jihar Chiapas, a wani yanki mai tsaunuka wanda ya hada da biranen Francisco León da Chapultenango.
Littlean fiye da ƙarni kaɗan dutsen da ke kudu maso gabashin Mexico ya kasance cikin zurfin damuwa. Koyaya, a daren lahadi, 28 ga Maris, 1982, da ƙarfe 11:32 na dare, wani dutsen da ba a san dutsen ba da sannu ba zato ba tsammani ya farka: El Chichonal. Fashewar sa irin na Plinian ne, kuma mai tsananin tashin hankali ne wanda a cikin mintuna arba'in gungun mai fashewa ya rufe kilomita 100 a cikin diamita kuma kusan kilomita 17 tsayi.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 29, ruwan sama mai toka ya zubo a jihohin Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche da wani yanki na Oaxaca, Veracruz da Puebla. Ya zama dole a kori dubban mazauna yankin; an rufe filayen jiragen sama, kamar yadda yawancin tituna suka kasance. An lalata gonakin ayaba, koko, kofi, da sauran albarkatu.
A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa fashe-fashen suka ci gaba kuma hayakin dutse ya bazu zuwa tsakiyar kasar. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu an sami fashewar da ta fi karfi da ta tsawaita fiye da ta Maris 28; Wannan sabon fashewar ya haifar da ginshikin da ya ratsa sararin samaniya; Cikin yan kwanaki kadan, mafi tsananin girgijen tokar ya mamaye duniya: ya isa Hawaii a ranar 9 ga Afrilu; Japan a ranar 18; zuwa Bahar Maliya, a ranar 21 ga wata kuma a ƙarshe a ranar 26 ga Afrilu ya tsallaka Tekun Atlantika.
Kusan shekaru ashirin bayan waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, El Chichonal yanzu ya zama abin tunawa mai nisa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar gama kai, ta yadda hanyar da yawancin matasa da yara kawai tana wakiltar sunan dutsen mai fitad da wuta wanda ya bayyana a cikin littattafan tarihi. Don tunawa da ƙarin ranar tunawa da fashewar abubuwa da kuma ganin wane yanayi El Chichonal yake a yanzu, mun yi tafiya zuwa wannan wuri mai ban sha'awa.
SAURARA
Tushen farawa don kowane balaguro shine Colonia Volcán El Chichonal, ƙauyen da aka kafa a 1982 ta waɗanda suka tsira daga asalin asalin. A wannan wurin mun bar motocin mun ɗauki hayar sabis na wani saurayi don ya jagorance mu zuwa taron kolin.
Dutsen tsaunin yana da nisan kilomita 5, saboda haka da karfe 8:30 na safe sai mu tashi don cin gajiyar sanyin safiyar. Mun yi tafiyar kusan rabin kilomita lokacin da Pascual, jagoranmu, ya nuna shirin da muka tsallaka a wannan lokacin kuma ya ambaci "Ga garin nan kafin fashewar." Babu alamun abin da ya taɓa zama gari mai wadata na mazauna 300.
Daga wannan lokacin ya zama bayyananne cewa yanayin halittar yankin ya canza kama sosai. Inda a da akwai filaye, koramu da kuma gandun daji mai kauri wanda rayuwar dabbobi ke yaduwa a ciki, a yau akwai tsaunuka da filaye masu fadi da aka lulluɓe da duwatsu, tsakuwa da yashi, an rufe su da ƙananan ciyayi. Lokacin kusanci dutsen daga gefen gabas, tasirin girma bashi da iyaka. Gangar ba ta kai fiye da 500 na rashin daidaito ba, don haka hawan yana da ɗan santsi kuma da ƙarfe goma sha ɗaya na safe mun riga mun kai 300 m daga ƙwanƙolin dutsen mai fitad da wuta.
Ramin babban 'kwano' mai tsawon kilomitoci ɗaya a ƙasansa shine kyakkyawan tafki mai ruwan rawaya-kore. A bankin dama na tabkin muna ganin fumaroles da gajimare masu tururi wanda daga cikinsu ana ba da ƙanshin ƙanshin sulfur. Duk da cewa akwai tazara mai yawa, za mu iya jin ƙaramar iska mai ƙarfi.
Sauka zuwa ƙasan kogin yana ɗaukar mu minti 30. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin irin wannan babban wurin; za a iya kwatanta girman "kwanon" da farfajiyar filayen wasan ƙwallon ƙafa goma, tare da ganuwar da ke hawa sama da tsayi 130 m. Kamshin sulphur, fumaroles da rafukan ruwan tafasasshe suna tunatar da mu hotunan wani dadadden duniya da muka riga muka manta.
Dama a tsakiyar bakin rafin, tabkin yana walƙiya kamar jauhari a cikin hasken rana. Matsakaicin girmansa yakai mita 500 tsawon 300 kuma yana da zurfin zurfin mita 1.5 wanda ya bambanta gwargwadon lokacin rani da damina. Tantance ruwan da ke cikin ruwan ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan ma'adanai, akasarin sinadarin sulfur, da kuma lakar da fumaroles ke ci gaba da cirewa. Abokaina uku ba sa rasa damar yin tsoma da nutsewa cikin ruwan dumi, wanda zafin jikinsa ya sauya tsakanin 33º da 34ºC, kodayake yawanci yakan ƙaru zuwa 56º.
Baya ga kyan gani, yawon shakatawa a cikin kwazazzabin yana ba mu abubuwan ban mamaki masu ban sha'awa, musamman ma a yankin arewa maso gabas, inda ake nuna tsananin aikin hydrothermal tare da tafkuna da ruwan marmaro; fumaroles da ke samar da hayaƙin haya mai wadataccen hydrogen sulfide; solfataras, wanda daga gare shi ne iskar sulphur ke fitowa, da gishirin da ke ba da gani mai ban sha'awa. Lokacin tafiya a cikin wannan yanki muna ɗaukar matakan kariya, tunda matsakaicin zafin tururin yakai 100 ° C, amma lokaci-lokaci yakan wuce digiri 400. Dole ne a kula da musamman yayin nazarin “turɓayawar ƙasa” - jiragen saman tururi da ke tserewa daga ɓarkewar dutsen - saboda nauyin mutum na iya haifar da rashi kuma ya fallasa ruwan zãfin da ke zagaye a ƙasa.
Ga mazaunan yankin, fashewar El Chichonal ya kasance mai ban tsoro kuma yana da mummunan sakamako. Kodayake da yawa daga cikinsu sun watsar da dukiyoyinsu a cikin lokaci, wasu kuma sun yi mamakin saurin lamarin kuma an keɓe su saboda ruwan sama na tephra da lappilli - toka da gutsuttsun dutsen - wanda ya rufe hanyoyin kuma ya hana fitarsu. Faduwar tokar ta biyo bayan korawar kwararar ruwa, ambaliyar ruwan toka mai gutsurewa, gutsuttsun duwatsu da iskar gas suna tafiya cikin sauri da sauri kuma suna gangarowa daga gangaren dutsen mai fitad da wuta, suna binne ƙauyuka da yawa a ƙarƙashin mai kauri mai tsayin mita 15. da yawa ƙauyuka, kamar yadda ya faru da biranen Roman na Pompeii da Herculaneum, wanda a AD 79 fashewar dutsen dutsen Vesuvius.
A halin yanzu ana daukar El Chichonal a matsayin dutsen mai fitad da wuta kuma, saboda wannan dalili, kwararru daga Cibiyar Geophysics na UNAM suna lura da tsari mai kyau game da hayaƙin haya, da zafin jiki na ruwa, aikin girgizar ƙasa da sauran sigogi waɗanda zasu iya faɗakar da karuwa a cikin aikin aman wuta da yiwuwar sake fashewa.
Littleananan rayuwa kadan sun dawo yankin; tsaunukan da ke kewaye da dutsen mai fitattun duwatsu sun kasance suna cike da ciyayi saboda yawan albarkar tokar da kuma halayyar dabbar wurin ta sake mamaye dajin. A ɗan nesa kaɗan, sababbin al'ummomi sun tashi tare da su fatan cewa El Chichonal, a wannan karon, zai yi bacci har abada.
TAMBAYOYI DON YADDARWA
Pichucalco yana da tashar gas, gidajen abinci, otal, shagunan magani da shaguna. Yana da sauƙi don adanawa a nan tare da duk abin da kuke buƙata, tunda a cikin waɗannan wurare ayyukan ba su da yawa. Game da tufafi, yana da kyau a sanya dogon wando, rigar auduga ko riga, hula ko hula, da takalmi ko takalmin tanis mai tafin kafa wanda ke kiyaye ƙafa. A cikin karamar jaka, kowane mai tafiya dole ne ya ɗauki mafi ƙarancin lita huɗu na ruwa da abinci don abun ciye-ciye; cakulan, sandwiches, apples, da dai sauransu, kuma kyamara kar a manta da ita.
Mawallafin labarin sun yaba da irin tallafin da kamfanin La Victoria ya bayar.
IDAN KA TASHI EL CHICHONAL
Bar garin Villahermosa, ɗauki babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 195 zuwa Tuxtla Gutiérrez. A kan hanyar zaku sami garuruwan Teapa, Pichucalco da Ixtacomitán. A karshen, bi karkacewa zuwa Chapultenango (kilomita 22) har sai kun isa Colonia Volcán El Chichonal (kilomita 7). Daga wannan lokacin dole ne kuyi tafiyar kilomita 5 don isa dutsen mai fitad da wuta.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 296 / Oktoba 2001
