Karanta cikakken tarihin Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, wani muhimmin mutum a cikin adabin Mexico.
Mahaifin adabin Mexico, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano was born in Tixtla, Guerrero Iyayensa sune Francisco Altamirano da Gertrudis Basilio, dukkansu tsarkakakkun Indiyawa waɗanda suka ɗauki laƙabin wani ɗan Spain wanda ya yi baftisma ga ɗayan kakanninsu.
Ignacio Manuel ya koyi magana da Sifaniyanci har sai an nada mahaifinsa magajin garin, daga baya ya bayyana kansa a matsayin m dalibi kuma ya lashe ɗayan malanta da aka ba da Cibiyar Adabi ta Toluca ga yara masu karamin karfi da suka iya karatu da rubutu. A can ne ya sami wanda ya zama mafi ƙaunataccen malamin sa: Ignacio Ramírez, mai Necromancer, lauya, ɗan jarida, memba na Makarantar Lateran kuma mataimakin Majalisar Wakilai.
Altamirano ya zama mai kula da Cibiyar karatu, wanda Lorenzo de Zavala ya tattara kuma ya cinye tsofaffin ɗalibai da na zamani, yana kuma nutsar da kansa cikin tunani mai ƙididdigewa da rubuce-rubuce na doka mai sassaucin ra'ayi.
A 1852 ya buga jaridar sa ta farko, Papachos, gaskiyar da ta sa aka kore shi daga Cibiyar. A wannan shekarar ne ya fara zagaye kasar, kasancewarta malamin wasikun farko da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma tsokana a kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na tafiya, daga "Comics na gasar”. Ya kasance lokacin da ya rubuta aikin Morelos mai rikitarwa a cikin Cuautla, yanzu ya ɓace, amma wanda ya bashi shaharar farko kuma daga baya wani abin kunya, da alama, saboda lokacin da yayi ƙididdigar ayyukansa bai gane hakan ba.
Sannan ya zo Birni don fara karatun sa a fannin Shari'a, musamman a cikin Kwalejin San Juan de Letrán, wanda aka biya kuɗin sa godiya, sake, ga aikin koyarwarsa: koyar da Faransanci a wata makarantar sirri.
A cikin 1854 ya katse karatunsa ya shiga Juyin juya halin Ayutla, wanda ya so ya kifar da Santa Anna, mai mulkin kama-karya, cewa shekaru da yawa na ciwo sun sanya a cikin ƙasar. Altamirano ya tafi kudancin Guerrero kuma ya sanya kansa ƙarƙashin umarnin janar Juan Alvarez. Ta haka ne ya fara aikinsa na siyasa da jujjuyawar karatu, faɗa da komawa karatu. Bayan juyin juya halin, Ignacio Manuel ya ci gaba da karatun fikihu, amma dole ne ya sake barin su a cikin 1857, lokacin da yaki a Meziko ya sake barkewa, a wannan karon na Gyarawa ne, wanda ya fara rarrabuwar akidar gargajiya ta karni na 19 tsakanin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.
A 1859 ya kammala karatun lauya kuma, da zarar masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun ci nasara, an zaɓe shi mataimakin Majalisar Tarayyar, inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jawaban jama'a a lokacinsa, a cikin shahararrun jawabai da yawa.
Altamirano yayi aure Margarita Pérez Gavilán, dan asalin Tixtla ne kuma 'yar da ake zaton' yar halitta Vicente Guerrero: Doña Dolores Catalán Guerrero, wanda ke da karin yara daga wani auren. Wadannan yara, 'yan uwan Margarita (Catalina, Palma, Guadalupe da Aurelio) Maigidan ya karbe su, wanda ya ba su sunansa, suka zama' ya'yan Altamirano na gaske tunda shi da Margarita ba su taba samun 'ya'yansu ba.
A 1863 ya shiga gwagwarmaya sakamakon mamayar Faransa, a kansu da kuma daular Maximilian na Hasburg. A watan Oktoba 12, 1865, Shugaba Juárez ya nada shi kanar kuma duk nasarorin soja ne. An shiga cikin Shafin Queretaro, inda, almara ke da shi, ya kasance gwarzo na gaske kuma bayan ya ci nasara a kan masarautar Maximilian ta Hasburg, ya gamu da shi, wanda ya yi hotonsa a cikin Diary.
A 1867 ya yi ritaya har abada daga makamai: ya taɓa bayyana cewa yana son aikin soja amma an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi maimakon ra'ayin Renaissance na "mutumin makamai da wasiƙu." Da zarar an maido da Jamhuriya, sai ya ayyana: "aikina da takobi ya kare" kuma ya dukufa kan wasiƙu.
RAYUWAR LITTAFIN IGNACIO MANUEL ALTAMIRANO
Wannan gaskiyar, ba ta raba shi da siyasa ba tunda ya kasance mataimaki ga Majalisar Tarayyar na kawance har sau uku kuma, a cikin wannan, aikinsa na majalisa ya kasance ka'idar ilimin firamare kyauta, na zamani da tilas wanda ya gabatar da jawabi mai kyau. na 5 ga Fabrairu, 1882. Ya kasance kuma atoni janar na Jamhuriya, mai gabatar da kara, alkalin alkalai kuma shugaban kotun koli, babban jami'in ma'aikatar ayyukan jama'a, a cikin halayensa ya inganta ƙirƙirar masu lura da sararin samaniya da sa ido da sake gina hanyoyin sadarwa.
Koyaya, aikinsa mafi mahimmanci shine wanda ya haɓaka don tallafawa al'adun Mexico da adabi. Jagora na ƙarni biyu na masu tunani da marubuta, mai shirya shahara "Maraice na Addini" A cikin gidansa a Calle de los Héroes, Altamirano ya damu da cewa adabin na Mexico yana da halayyar ƙasa da gaske, cewa zai zama abu mai mahimmanci ga haɗakar al'adu na wata ƙasa, wanda yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa suka lalata, tsoma bakin wasu ƙasashe biyu, daular da ta zo daga Austria kuma tare da karamin asali a matsayin kasa. Kuma wannan baya nufin ya raina al'adun wasu sassan, Altamirano watakila shine ɗan Mexico na farko da ya bincika wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Arewacin Amurka da Mutanen Espanya na Amurka, waɗanda a zamaninsa yawancin maza da wasiƙa ba su san su ba..
A shekarar 1897 tare da Ignacio Ramírez da Guillermo Prieto suka kafa Correo de México, amma har sai a shekara ta 1859, a watan Janairu, fitowar farko ta mujallarsa ta bayyana Renaissance, babban ci gaba a tarihin adabin Mexico. Daga waɗannan shafuka, malamin ya tashi don tara marubutan addinai duka, tare da ƙara hankali a cikin wannan, babban aiki na farko na sake gina ƙasa.
An nuna ruhunsa na haƙuri a fagen wasiƙu cikin gargaɗin da ya yi, daga mujallar tasa a sulhunta masu hankali daga kowane bangare. Wannan shine yadda ya sami damar samun romantics, neoclassicals da eclectics, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da masu sassaucin ra'ayi, Juaristas da masu ci gaba, adadi da ƙwararrun masanan adabi, mawaƙan bohemian, marubuta masu ƙwaƙwalwa, masana tarihi da masana kimiyya don rubutawa a can.
Wannan shine yadda Altamirano shine gada tsakanin ƙarni na wayewar kai mai sassaucin ra'ayi, wanda Ignacio Ramírez, Francisco Zarco, Guillermo Prieto, Vicente Riva Palacio suka wakilta da kuma ƙarni na matasa marubuta kamar Justo Sierra, Manuel Acuña, Manuel M. Flores, Juan de Dios Peza da Angel de Campo.
A ƙarshen zagayen wannan mujallar, ya kafa jaridu 'Yan Tarayya (1871) da La Tribuna (1875), suka kafa Ungiyar Marubutan Mutuna ta 1, kasancewarsu shugaban ƙasa ɗaya da Francisco Sosa sakatare, an buga Jamhuriyar (1880) jaridar da aka sadaukar domin kare bukatun azuzuwan aiki.
Ya kasance farfesa a Makarantar share fagen shiga ta kasa, Makarantar Kasuwanci, Makarantar Fikihu, Makarantar Malamai ta Kasa da sauransu, wadanda ya sami taken Jagora.
Ya haɓaka labari da shayari, gajeren labari da labarin, zargi, tarihi, rubuce-rubuce, Tarihi, Tarihin Rayuwa da Nazarin Littattafai. Ayyukansa masu mahimmanci sune:
Waƙoƙi (1871), inda ya fassara kyakkyawar shimfidar wuri na Mexico da litattafan tarihi: Takaddama (1868), yayi la'akari da littafin Mexico na zamani na farko, Julia (1870), Kirsimeti a cikin duwatsu (1871), Antonia (1872), Beatriz (1873, bai cika ba), El Zarco (1901, an buga shi a bayan mutuwa kuma wanda ke ba da labarin haɗarin ɗan fashi, memba na ƙungiyar "Los Plateados") Y Athena (1935, ba a gama shi ba). The biyu kundin na Yanki da Tarihi (1884-1949) suna tattaro ayyukansu na nau'ikan ɗabi'u, kamar su tarihi da hotuna.
Da Jagora Altamirano ya mutu a ranar Litinin, 13 ga Fabrairu, 1893 a San Remo, Italia tana cikin Turai ta hannun Porfirio Díaz a Consulate na Mexico a Barcelona sannan daga baya ta Faransa. Don Joaquín Casasús, surukin Altamirano ya rubuta shahararren ban kwana da aka buga daga baya. An kona gawarsa sannan aka mayar da tokar zuwa Mexico. Yau, gawarsa tana hutawa a cikin Rotunda na Maza Maza.
