Gurin Iblis taga ne ga tarihi inda muke da damar hango asalin wayewa a nahiyarmu.
El Cañón del Diablo shine, ta hanyar ilimin tarihi da kuma ilimin ɗan adam, ɗayan mahimman wurare a cikin jihar Tamaulipas da Mexico.
Tana cikin ɗayan yankuna mafi nisa a arewacin Saliyo de Tamaulipas, canyon shine wurin ɗayan mahimman abubuwan tarihin ɗan adam: koyon samar da abin da za a ci. A cikin wannan yanki na musamman mai tsaunuka, a hankali a hankali kuma a hankali wanda ya ɗauki dubunnan shekaru, mazaunan farko na yankin Tamaulipas sun samo asali ne daga matakin makiyaya masu tattara makiyaya zuwa kafuwar al'ummomin noma marasa zaman lafiya, albarkacin yadda ake shuka shuke-shuke. daji, musamman masara (2,500 BC).
Nungiyoyin Nomadic da na ƙauye-ƙabila na zamanin da, da kuma wasu ƙabilun da suka kiyaye tsarin rayuwa na rayuwa har zuwa lokacin tarihi, sun mamaye ɗaruruwan kogwanni da wuraren tsubburan dutse da ke cikin tsaunin kogin, kuma a can suka bar abin da yake a yau muhimmin kayan aiki ne archaeological. Koyaya, sha'awarmu ta mai da hankali ne akan mafi kyawun, ingantaccen kuma enigmatic al'adun gargajiya na kakanninmu: zane-zanen kogo na Canyon Iblis.
Tarihin Tarihi
Rahoton farko na yau da kullun game da waɗannan zane-zanen ya fito ne daga rahoton da byungiyar masu binciken "Esparta" ta udungiyar Ciudad Victoria Secondary, Normal and Preparatory School, bayan binciken da aka gudanar a cikin Sierra de Tamaulipas a watan Disamba na 1941. A cikin wannan rahoton An bayyana “kogwanni” guda uku (duk da cewa basu da nisa sosai) tare da zane-zanen kogo waɗanda suke a Kogin Iblis, a cikin garin Casas.
Shekaru daga baya, tsakanin 1946 da 1954, wani Ba'amurke mai binciken kayan tarihi Richard S. MacNeish, yana neman fayyace ci gaban aikin gona da asalin masara a wannan nahiya tamu, ya gudanar da muhimmin aiki na kayan tarihi a kan wuraren ajiye duwatsu da wuraren binciken kayan tarihi a cikin tsaunuka guda.
Ta hanyar waɗannan ayyukan, MacNeish ya tsara jerin abubuwa daban-daban na al'adu tara don Canyon Iblis: mafi tsufa kuma mafi tsufa na Tamaulipas, lokacin Diablo, ya koma shekaru 12,000 BC. kuma yana wakiltar asalin ƙauracewar mutumin Ba'amurke a Meziko; Lerma, Nogales, La Perra, Almagre, Laguna, Eslabones da La Salta ne ke biye da ita, har zuwa ƙarshen matakin Los Ángeles (1748 AD).
ZIYARA ZUWA GA SHAIDAN GANGAR
Sanin tarihin - ko kuma na tarihi - kogin Iblis, ba za mu iya tsayayya wa jarabar ziyartar ɗayan ƙafafun wayewa a ƙasarmu ba. Don haka, tare da Silvestre Hernández Pérez, mun bar Ciudad Mante zuwa Ciudad Victoria, inda Eduardo Martínez Maldonado zai kasance tare da mu, ƙaunataccen aboki kuma babban mashahuri mai yawa na kogwanni da wuraren tarihi a jihar.
Daga Ciudad Victoria mun ɗauki hanyar da ke zuwa Soto la Marina, kuma kusan awa ɗaya bayan haka, a tsaunukan farko na Sierra de Tamaulipas, mun juya dama tare da wata hanyar datti mai nisan kilomita 7 da ta kai mu ga wata ƙaramar al'umma; Daga nan muka wuce zuwa matakin karshe da za mu iya kaiwa da babbar motar, inda ake kiwon shanu inda Don Lupe Barrón, manajan filin kuma abokin Don Lalo, ya karbe mu da kyau.
Lokacin da yake bayani game da dalilin ziyararmu, ya shirya ɗansa Arnoldo, da Hugo, wani saurayi daga gidan kiwo, don su bi mu ziyarar. A waccan ranar, da yammacin rana, mun hau wani tsauni a cikin dutsen kuma muka sauko wani kwazazzaben da ya kamu da kaska zuwa gindin wani kwari, hanyar da muka bi ta can baya har zuwa haduwarsa da Kogin Iblis; daga wancan lokacin sai mu nufi kudu a hankali a hankali, har sai mun hau gefen babban tebur na alluvial wanda ke hawa a gefen hagu na rafin. A ƙarshe mun isa Planilla da Cueva de Nogales.
Nan da nan muka bincika ramin, ɗayan mafi girma kuma mafi ban mamaki mafaka a dutsen Iblis, kuma mun sami a bangon bangon zane-zanen kogo, yawancinsu ba a iya gane su, sai dai fewan rubutun hannu a cikin ja; Mun kuma ga, tare da baƙin ciki, adadi mai yawa na rubutu na zamani da mafarauta suka yi waɗanda suka yi amfani da rigar a matsayin sansani.
Washegari da safe mun tashi da ƙafa zuwa inda aka haife kanga, don bincika wasu shafuka. Bayan kilomita 2 daga hanyar sai muka sami Kogo 2, bisa ga lambar ƙungiyar Esparta, wanda a jikin bangonsa manyan jerin "rubuce-rubuce" guda biyu sun cancanci a yaba, dukkansu suna da jan launi, an kiyaye su sosai da alama kamar anyi su ne a ɗan gajeren lokaci. . MacNeish ya kira waɗannan nau'ikan zane "alamun ƙididdiga", ma'ana, "alamomin asusu" ko "alamomin adadi", wanda wataƙila yana wakiltar tsarin ƙidayar kayan tarihi wanda aka yi amfani da digo da layi don yin rikodin tarin yawa , ko kuma ta hanyar wasu kalanda na noma ko kalandar taurari; MacNeish yana tunanin cewa wannan nau'in "alamar" yana faruwa ne daga matakai na farko, kamar Nogales (5000-3000 BC).
Muna ci gaba da tafiya ta cikin tashar kwale-kwalen kuma daga baya mun hango Kogo 3 a bayyane a bangon tsaye na dutsen.Koda yake sun auna tsakanin 5 zuwa 6 cm, zanen kogon da aka samo a cikin wannan matattarar dutsen suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Mun ga adadi wanda ya bayyana kamar shamani ne, tauraruwa, mazaje a kan dabbobi masu kafa uku, kadangare ko hawainiya, tsuntsu ko jemage, shanu, zane a cikin hanyar "dabaran da gatura" da gungun haruffa ko siffofin mutane waɗanda suke da alama sanya ƙaho, fuka-fukai ko wani irin kwalliya. Daga wakilcin mai doki da "shanu", mai yiwuwa ne kawai a lokacin tarihi, MacNeish ya kammala cewa Indiyawan Raisin ne suka yi zanen a cikin karni na 18.
Bayan mun yi tafiya kusan kilomita 9 daga Planilla de Nogales, a ƙarshe mun hango Kogon 1. Babban rami ne a cikin dutsen mai rai na dutsen.
An kiyaye bayyanar dutsen sosai, yawancinsu suna cikin sama ko rufin masaukin. Kuna iya ganin grids, layuka madaidaiciya, rukunin layi da maki da layin wavy, gami da siffofin lissafi waɗanda, bisa ga fassarar kwanan nan game da fasahar dutsen, suna wakiltar wahayin shaman ne a yayin sauya yanayin sane.
Har ila yau, a kan rufin akwai zane biyu waɗanda ke hade da taurari gabaɗaya. Wataƙila waɗannan zane sune rikodin wani sabon abu na falaki wanda ya faru kusan shekaru dubu da suka gabata, lokacin da abu sau shida fiye da na Venus ya bayyana a cikin taurarin Taurus, wanda ake iya gani da rana; Dangane da wannan, William C. Miller ya kirga cewa a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1054 A.D. akwai wata kyakkyawar ma'amala ta wani supernova mai haske da kuma jinjirin wata, wannan supernova kasancewar fashewar wata katuwar tauraruwa wacce ta haifar da da mai girma Canb nebula.
A saman rufi da bangon wannan gidan dutsen kuma mun sami adadin yawan hannayen hannu da aka zana akai-akai, wasu daga cikinsu masu yatsu hudu ne kawai; daɗa ƙasa, kusan a ƙasa, zane ne mai baƙar fata mai ban sha'awa na abin da ya bayyana kamar kunkuru.
A kan hanyarmu ta komawa sansanin, yayin tafiya mun hanzarta bushewa saboda tsananin zafin rana, sakewar rana da lalacewar jiki; Leɓunanmu sun fara leɓewa, munyi 'yan matakai kaɗan a rana kuma mun zauna don hutawa a ƙarƙashin inuwar poplar, muna tunanin cewa muna shan katon ruwan sanyi mai ƙayatarwa.
Jim kaɗan kafin su isa Sheet ɗin, ɗayan jagororin ya yi tsokaci cewa watanni shida da suka gabata wani danginsu ya ɓoye lemar ruwa a cikin wasu duwatsun rafin; Yayi sa'a, ya same shi kuma don haka ya ɗan sauƙaƙa da ƙishirwa mai ƙarfi da muke ji, ba tare da la'akari da ƙanshin ruwa da ɗanɗano na ruwan ba. Mun sake fara tafiya, mun hau kan Planilla, tare da kimanin mita 300 don zuwa sansanin, na juya na ga Silvestre, wanda ke zuwa gangaren kusan 50 a baya na.
Koyaya, jim kaɗan bayan kasancewa a sansanin, mun yi mamakin cewa Silvestre ya makara zuwa isowa, don haka nan da nan muka tafi neman shi, amma ba tare da samun shi ba; Ya zama abin ban mamaki a gare mu cewa ya ɓace irin wannan ɗan tazara daga sansanin, kuma aƙalla na yi tunanin cewa wani abu mafi muni ya faru da shi. Da kasa da lita guda ta ruwa, na yanke shawarar zama tare da Don Lalo a wani dare a La Planilla, kuma na fadawa jagororin da su koma gidan kiwo tare da dawakai don neman taimako da kuma cika mana ruwa.
Washegari, da sanyin safiya, na bude gwangwanin masara don shan ruwan, bayan wani lokaci na sake yin ihu a Silvestre, kuma a wannan karon ya amsa, ya sami hanyar dawowa!
Daga baya ɗayan jagororin da ke kan dawakai ya iso da lita 35 na ruwa; Mun sha har sai da muka koshi, muka ɓuya kwalbar ruwa a cikin dutsen mafaka kuma muka bar Fom ɗin. Arnoldo, wanda ya kawo sauran dabbobin kuma ya zo ya taimake mu, daga baya ya bar garken ta wata hanyar, amma a cikin kwazazzabon ya ga hanyoyinmu ya juya baya.
A ƙarshe, bayan awanni uku da rabi, mun dawo gidan kiwo; Sun ba mu abincin da ya ɗanɗana ɗaukaka a gare mu, don haka, cikin ta'aziyya da kwanciyar hankali, mun ƙare ziyararmu.
Kammalawa
Yanayin yanayi mai kyau da muke rayuwa a cikin Kogin Iblis, wani wuri nesa da abubuwan jin daɗi na yau da kullun, ya koya mana babban darasin da ya kamata mu sani: duk da cewa muna da ƙwarewa sosai a matsayin masu yawo, dole ne mu ɗauki matakan tsaro koyaushe. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, yana da kyau koyaushe ka ɗauki ruwa sama da yadda kake tsammani kana buƙata, haka nan kuma busa don ka ji kanka idan ka ɓace, kuma ba za ka taɓa ba, amma fa, ka bar ɗayan membobin yawon shakatawa shi kaɗai ko ka manta da su.
A gefe guda, muna hangowa da idonmu irin damuwar da dole ne kakanninmu suka ji, sun bijiro da sha'awace-sha'awacen yanayi, a cikin gwagwarmayar da suke yi ta yau da kullum don rayuwa a wadannan yankuna masu bushe-bushe da irin wadannan mawuyacin halin rayuwa. Wataƙila wannan baƙin cikin don tsira daga tilasta wa mutumin zamanin da, a farkon, don amfani da bayyanannun duwatsu a matsayin isharar yanayin ƙasa don nuna kasancewar ruwa, kuma daga baya ya riƙe rikodin lokacin wucewar yanayi da kuma hango isowar lokacin da aka daɗe-don lokacin Ruwan sama, yana bayyana a kan duwatsu hadadden ilimin sararin samaniya ta inda ya yi kokarin bayanin abubuwanda suka faru wadanda suka kubuta daga fahimtarsa kuma wadanda ake kira da su ta hanyar biyafara. Don haka, ruhunsa, tunaninsa da hangen nesansa na duniya an kama su a cikin hotuna a kan duwatsu, hotunan waɗanda galibi, shaida ce kawai da muke da ita game da kasancewar su.
