Inventananan abubuwan kirkire-kirkire sun sami halaye da rayuwa kusan kusan cikakke a Mexico kamar hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ɗaukar hoto.
Dukansu an haife su, sun kammala kuma sun sami ci gaba da yawa a cikin Turai, kuma juyin-juya halinsu yana da sauri da haske har ya wuce sauran duniya. Waɗannan halittun mutum an haife su da sifofin da ake buƙata don cimma nasarar ragargaza saurin gudu. Railway, tun daga farkonta, ya ba da tabbacin saurin, aminci da kyakkyawar sufuri; Koyaya, daukar hoto, don yin rikodin lokacin da hoton hoto ya bayyana ainihin saurin mutumin da ke kan gwagwarmayar rage tazara, dole ne ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa kafin ya more yanayin saurin.
Fitowar jirgin ƙasa da ɗaukar hoto ya faru ne a lokacin sanannen haɓaka yawan jama'a da ci gaban masana'antu a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Mexico, a nata bangare, ba ta raba wannan yanayin ba: tana tafiya ne cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa inda bangarorin biyu ke fada don iko, masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Koyaya, waɗannan sabbin fasahohin sun tabbatar da cewa sun miƙa abubuwan haɗin don mamaki, gamsuwa da sanya kansu jituwa da tsattsauran mataki, zuwa manyan matakan kammala a aikace-aikacen su, har ma a yankin Mexico.
Ya kasance a farkon 1940s na karni na 19 lokacin da aikin titin jirgin ƙasa a Mexico ya zama gaskiya, tare da shimfida kilomita 13 wanda ya haɗa Port of Veracruz da babban birnin ƙasar.
Yawo kusan tare da labarai, ba a daɗe ba kafin ƙarar ƙafafun baƙin ƙarfe a kan raƙuman ƙarfe ya bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar, wanda duk da cewa tsawa ce, ba ta hana jin ƙarar ƙaho mai ƙarfi da ratsawa na locomotive, inji A matsayinta na sabuwar halitta kuma mai kuzari, daga baya zai iya samar da ci gaban masana'antu da sasantawa.
Kamar layin dogo, aikin daukar hoto ya fara bayyana a matsayin labarai a matakin kasa, kuma ya kasance a karshen shekaru goma na uku na karnin da ya gabata kuma a farkon na hudu lokacin da aka san cewa aikin daukar hoto da ake kira daguerreotype ya isa Mexico. Dauke su a matsayin rikodin hoto, a cikin yanayin hoto, bourgeoisie ta Mexico wacce zata iya biyan wannan aikin sabon littafin, sun gabatar a gaban kyamarar, don neman sabon hoto na tsarin zamantakewar, masu banki, masana masana'antu, masu ma'adinai da gonakin noma. , waɗanda suka ji kamar masu fassarar tarihi, tun da suna iya yin wasiyya da hotonsu ga na baya. A cikin yanayin da yake damuwa da rashin dawowar fuskar mutum, an haifi sabuwar sana'a, kamar a cikin Turai, ɗayan hoto mai daukar hoto bohemia.
Godiya ga daukar hoto ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne a nuna shi a zahiri, duk Mexico wacce tayi aiki a matsayin matattarar ruwa don cigaban fasahar kere-kere, da ci gaban kanta wanda daga baya ya kawo sabon zamani mai ban mamaki na aiki da kai.
A lokacin ne hoton da aka sassaka ko aka zana sakamakon hannun mai zane ya nuna ba zai iya ba da gamsasshen hoto na gaskiyar ba. Kamar yadda na riga na ambata a cikin littafin "Kwanakin tururi", layin dogo, a cikin yanayin daidaituwarsa tare da ɗaukar hoto, ya tsallaka layin aikinsa don jigilar kamarar ta ɓangarorin da ba a tsammani na ƙasar, tare da yin rijistar yin rajistar garuruwan da ke zuwa na Meziko zamani.
Daga baya, daukar hoto zai ba da gudummawa ga wannan ƙoƙari ta hanyar ganin hotunan jirgin ƙasa da aka ɗauka a sarari a kan faranti marasa adadi waɗanda yanzu suna cikin ɗakunan ajiya na jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Waɗannan sun haɗu da abubuwan gado na yawancin masu ɗaukar hoto na ƙasashen waje da na ƙasa waɗanda, don aiwatar da ayyukansu, sun haɗa keɓaɓɓiyar kyamarori kuma ba 'yan dabarun ɗaukar hoto ba, don samun hotunan da ba da daɗewa ba ya wuce filin aikin marubuci, tunda suna iya yin magana da kansu. iri ɗaya ne mai saurin ci gaba. Hotunan hotunan da suke magana akan layin dogo da ɗakunan karatu na INAH ke tsare yanzu, sun ba ni shawarar haɗuwa ta musamman inda layin dogo da daukar hoto suka raba abubuwan na Mexico. Ba da daɗewa ba, ɗaukar hoto zai nuna alamun irin wannan ci gaban, wanda ya haifar da kafa masu ɗaukar hoto a cikin manyan titunan biranen da ke cikin sabbin biranen.
A cikin garin Mexico City, alal misali, a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata, masu daukar hoto, galibi baƙi da ƙananan toan ƙasa, waɗanda suke a tsakiyar titunan plateros da San Francisco, yawancinsu daga sun girka na ɗan lokaci a cikin otal-otal kuma suna tallata ayyukansu a cikin jaridun cikin gida.
Amma shekaru 20 bayan haka, sama da dakunan daukar hoto guda dari suna aiki, a ciki da wajen cibiyoyinsu, suna amfani da hanyoyi da sauri fiye da yadda ake amfani da su, kamar kyakkyawan tsari mara kyau tare da jike-jike wanda a ciki, ana buga su ta hanyar tuntuba. takardu wanda abin hawan gishirin azurfa da ke ɗauke da hoton albumin ne da igiya, dukansu a cikin tsarin buga kai wanda ke buƙatar lokaci mai yawa don samun kwafin, wanda ke da alamun sautin sepia da sautunan da ake tsarkakewa, kasancewar ba sa yawaita sautin cyan da aka samar da gishirin ƙarfe.
Ba wai kawai a tsakiyar shekarun tamanin ba ne farantin busasshen gelatin ya bayyana, wanda ya sanya aikin daukar hoto ya zama mai amfani kuma ya samar da shi ga dubban masu daukar hoto, wadanda ba kawai da niyyar hoto ba, amma a matsayin aikin daukar hoto na hoto, suka sami damar isa a duk tsawon da fadin kasar.
Godiya ga layin dogo, ƙwararrun masu daukar hoto sun bayyana a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar. Su galibi masu daukar hoto ne na ƙasashen waje, waɗanda aikinsu shi ne ɗaukar tsarin layin dogo, amma ba su yi watsi da damar yin rikodin yanayin ƙasa da rayuwar Meziko ba a lokacin.
Hotunan da suka nuna wannan labarin sun dace da masu ɗaukar hoto guda biyu, Gove da Arewa. A cikin wani abu daya tilo, sun bar mu mu ga mai siyar da tukwane yana nunawa a wani bangare na hanyar jirgin kasa, in ba haka ba, suna sanar da mu game da mahimmancin kayayyakin layin dogo don gina gadoji da rami; a wani hoto, tashoshi da jiragen ƙasa suna haifar da yanayi na soyayya. Hakanan muna ganin haruffa masu alaƙa da layin dogo waɗanda suka zaɓi buɗewar harabar motar fasinja don sanyawa.
A cikin Meziko, layin dogo da daukar hoto, masu alaƙa da juna, suna shaidar wucewar lokaci ta hanyar hotunan da aka zana ta haske, wanda, a matsayin canjin waƙa, ba zato ba tsammani ya yanke kuma ya karkatar da yanzu don komawa baya, yana cin lokaci da mantuwa.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci # 26 Satumba / Oktoba 1998
