A cikin wannan yanayin da ake la'akari da shi a matsayin Wurin Ajiyar Halitta - mafi wadata a banbance-banbance a tsakanin kasa-, sune ayyukan Franciscan guda biyar na Sierra Gorda da aka kafa kuma aka kafa a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Za a iya ganin keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu na wannan ɗan asalin mai ƙanƙancin baroque a cikin sunayensu: Santiago de Jalpan, Nuestra Señora de la Luz de Tancoyotl, San Miguel Concá, Santa María del Agua de Landa da San Francisco del Valle de Tilaco.
Wannan kyakkyawar yanki, kuma ta daɗe ba za a iya wuce gona da iri ba, wata irin mafaka ce ta ɗabi'a ga ƙungiyoyin mutane waɗanda ke zaune a nan: sunaye, jonaces, guachichiles, dukkansu sanannu ne a ƙarƙashin sunan chichimecas. Kuma shi ne cewa ta wata hanya, wannan ƙaddamar da yanayin ƙasa ya ɗora sharaɗinta akan tarihin viceregal. Manufofin Franciscan guda biyar da aka samo a nan suna da banbanci duka ga tarihin su da kuma tsarin gine-ginensu, baroque mara tushe wanda yake kama da ƙarancin miscegenation, aikin Turai ne wanda aka gina ta hannu da handsan asalin ƙasa da tunani. Haduwar gaskiya. Ofishin jakadancin a gefe guda shine ya bayyana babban burin mutumtaka karkashin jagorancin Fray Junípero Serra, mishan dan asalin Mallorcan wanda yayi kokarin zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar mahaifinsa na ruhaniya Francisco de Asís, kuma a gefe guda marigayi, kuma bari mu ce haka, muna ci gaba shugaban soja José de Escandón.
Bari muyi tunani game da gaskiyar da muke tsammanin ya cutar da girman kan Sifen. Har zuwa shekara ta 1740 mataimakin shugaban ƙasa bai yi nasarar 'kwantar da hankalin' jama'ar wannan yankin da giciye da takobi ba. Aasar al'ummomi ta ci da ƙarfi tun shekaru 200 da suka gabata ta hanyar ikon rawanin Mutanen Espanya kuma duk da haka ƙaramin yanki kusa da babban birni wanda har yanzu ba'a ci nasara ba. "Abin kunya!" Wataƙila wasu masu iko sun yi tunani; Don haka Escandón ya aiwatar, a cikin 1742, kewaye da dukkan kungiyoyin tawaye a cikin Sierra Gorda; saboda haka ne aka fara fusata da mummunan harin, yakin basasa na Media Luna a cikin 1748, mummunan labarin wanda kyaftin ya kusan hallaka duk waɗannan rukunin.
A cikin wannan yanayin, a cikin 1750 wasu gungun mishan na Franciscan karkashin jagorancin Fray Junípero Serra sun isa garin Jalpan. Manufarsa, don yiwa Indiyawan bishara da kammalawa tare da gicciye da kalmar ayyukan da Escandón ya fara da makamai. Amma Fray Junípero, wanda ya cancanci ya gaji magajin Assisi, ya zo da wani aikin mishan daban kuma gaba daya yana adawa da ra'ayoyin da kyaftin din ya gabatar a cikin ayyukan da aka kafa a baya. Tare da ra'ayoyin talauci da tarayya - a cikin mahimmancin fahimtarsa - na yau da kullun na Saint Francis, Fray Junípero ya ɗauki kyawawan manufofi na mafi kyawun ɗan adam na Turai na lokacin. Zuwa ga yanayin tashin hankali da gaba da rashin yarda da shi wanda dole ne ya samu karbuwa daga kungiyoyin 'yan asalin kasar daban-daban, Junípero ya yi adawa da dabi'ar mishan mai karfi wacce ta kunshi rakiyar fahimtar matsalolin zamantakewar sa, cikin sanin yunwar sa da yaren sa. Kamar yadda masanin halayyar ɗan adam Diego Prieto ya gaya mana, Junípero ya kafa ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa kuma ya tallafa da ƙarfafa ƙarfin ƙungiyoyin su da haɓakawa, ya motsa rabon ƙasar kuma ba wai kawai ya sanya Mutanen Espanya lokacin wa'azin ba, amma kuma ya aiwatar da ayyukan koyarwarsa a cikin yaren wasa Don haka aiki ne na mishan mai girman gaske da kuma sakamako mai girma daga mahangar ɗan adam kuma wanda sakamakonsa yanzu ya sami karbuwa a cikin haɗin kan baroque wanda wannan jituwa da keɓaɓɓiyar manufa ta nuna.
MESTIZO BAROQUE
A zamanin yau, lokacin da ake magana game da Ofishin Jakadancin Sierra Gorda, abu na farko da mutum zai yi tunani shi ne gine-gine guda biyar, wuraren bauta guda biyar. A can suke, dole ne ku gansu, ya kamata ku ɗan tsaya kaɗan kuma ku yi la'akari da su, kyawawan manufa biyar. Amma, kamar yadda zaku lura, sakamakon sakamako ne mai rikitarwa da wadataccen tarihi na wa'azin juna, don kiran shi ko yaya. Abin da muke gani a yau a cikin kowane ɗayansu, a cikin kowane bagade, sakamakon wannan babban haɗuwa ne tsakanin ƙungiyoyin mutane biyu masu banbancin yanayi. Fahimtar duniya, addini, ra'ayi na imani, gumaka, dabbobi da haske, launi da launin jiki da fuskoki, abinci, lalata, komai ya banbanta tsakanin friar da suka zo dasu zuwa Turai da Indiyawa waɗanda ke cikin ƙasarsu, amma waɗanda aka tsare, aka cire musu sutura kuma suka mamaye su. Wani abu, duk da haka, ya haɗa su, ɗayan waɗannan baƙon ko kuma mafi ƙarancin lokacin a cikin labaran cin nasara daga wayewa zuwa wani: girmamawa, yarda da bambanci. A can ana ƙirƙirar daula, ƙaramin rukuni na Turawa sun fahimci ɗayan, sun cutar da tushensu a cikin mutuncinsu ta hanyar takwarorinsu na Turai.
KYAUTA KWARAI
Don haka, ayyukan da muke yabawa a yau suna da ban mamaki saboda kyawawan halayen su, amma wannan shine filastik, bayyanar gine-ginen wannan gamuwa, na wannan lokacin na hasken rana na ɗan adam, inda haikalin yake gidan wasu gungun mutane, cibiyar jerin ayyukan da suka fara daga nan ko suka ƙare a can. Wannan shine manufa a wancan lokacin, ba ginin ba amma hangen nesa na abubuwa, kallo da aka nuna a cikin haikalin, sabon tsari da nake tsammanin suna nema da al'ajabi da wahala, ayyukan da zasu iya zama na noma, taimakon juna, kuzari. kariya daga rashin adalci, bishara.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa watakila wannan ɓarnatar da gine-ginen ya zama abin birgewa, wannan baroque na musamman, saboda kowane facade-bagade ya kasance daidai ne, hangen nesa, tsinkaye na wannan lokacin hulɗa da tarayya, ee, amma inda aka kuma bayyana shi, kuma na ƙari, bambanci. Concá kalma ce ta pame wacce ke nufin “tare da ni”, amma wannan a cikin mishan yana kuma ɗauke da sunan San Miguel; akwai Saint Michael Shugaban Mala'iku yana faɗin facade kuma a gefe ɗaya, zomo wanda ba shi da alamar Kirista amma yana da pame. Akwai Budurwar Pilar da Budurwar Guadalupe a cikin Ofishin Jakadancin Jalpan, wanda dukkanmu mun san yana da tushe mai zurfin Mesoamerican, da gaggafa mai kai biyu da ke haɗa ma'ana. Akwai kayan adon kayan lambu da yalwar kunnuwa a cikin Tancoyotl; tsarkakan katolika na Landa ko Lan ha, tare da 'yan kasuwa ko fuskoki tare da layin asalin ƙasar ba tare da kuskure ba. Akwai Tilaco a ƙasan kwarin da ke tuno da José María Velasco, tare da angelsan mala'ikunsa, kunnuwansa na masara da baƙon abin al'ajabi, wanda ya gama dukkan abubuwan, sama da San Francisco.
Fray Junípero Serra ne kawai ya kwashe shekaru takwas a cikin wannan aikin, amma burinsa ya kasance har zuwa 1770, lokacin da yanayi daban-daban na tarihi - kamar fitar Jesuit - ya haifar da wani ɓangare zuwa watsi da manufa. Shi, amma, ya ci gaba da aikin bishara da manufa ta Franciscan har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa a Alta California. Manzannin Franciscan na Sierra Gorda, “sistersan’uwa mata biyar”, kamar yadda Diego Prieto da mai tsara gine-ginen Jaime Font ke kiran su, kyauta ce mai ban al'ajabi ta waccan gwagwarmayar ta gaba don ba da damar utopia. Tun daga 2003, ana ɗaukar 'yan'uwa mata biyar ɗin a matsayin Heran Adam na Duniya. Daga nesa, Fray Junípero da 'yan mishan na Franciscan, da Pames, da Jonaces da Chichimecas, waɗanda suka gina waɗannan ayyuka da aikin rai, suna ganin mana sun fi girma da girma.
THE SIERRA GORDA
An zartar da shi azaman ajiyar Biosphere a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1997, don daga baya a amince da shi a matsayin ɗayan Yankunan Mahimmanci don Kula da Tsuntsaye ta Majalisar Internationalasa ta Kula da Tsuntsayen Meziko, kuma kasancewar ta 13. Maiko na Meziko don shiga cikin Networkungiyar Sadarwar Duniya ta Tsarin halittu ta hanyar "Mutum da Biosphere" na theungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Tana cikin yankin da ake kira Carso Huasteco, wani yanki ne na babban tsaunin da ake kira Sierra Madre Oriental.
Yankin da aka ayyana a matsayin Reshen Biosphere yana arewa maso gabashin jihar Querétaro de Arteaga, wanda ya hada da biranen Jalpan de Serra, Landa de Matamoros, Arroyo Seco, Pinal de Amoles (88% na yankin karamar hukuma) da Peñamiller (69.7% na yankin ta). Ana kulawa da Conanp.
