Wannan ita ce ɗayan ƙasashe waɗanda suke da mafi girman arzikin ƙasa a duniya kuma kusan kusan rabin milimita murabba'in kilomita na babban tasirin masaniya. Muna gayyatarku ku yi tafiya tare da mu a cikin duniyar ɓoyayyen da ƙalilan ke da gatan sani.
Manyan duwatsu na manyan makarantu da na quaternary suna da yawa, wanda ya haɗu da babban rafin su ya bamu cenotes, ma'ana, kogwannin ambaliyar ruwa waɗanda ake samu a tsawon su da faɗin su. Akwai dubunnan alamomi. Kuma kodayake binciken waɗannan siffofin ya fito ne daga tsoffin Mayans, a zamanin pre-Hispanic, rijistar su da bincike na yau da kullun tabbas kwanan nan, shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Abubuwan binciken sun kasance masu ban mamaki kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar ci gaba na baya-bayan nan a tsarin Sac Aktún da Ox Bel Ha, a Quintana Roo. A cikin su biyun, sun wuce kilomita 170 a tsayi, duk suna ƙarƙashin ruwa, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa su ne mafi ƙarancin kogunan ambaliyar da aka sani har yanzu a Meziko da duniya. Yankin kuma yana ƙunshe da wasu kyawawan kogunan daji a Mexico kamar Yaax-Nik da Sastún-Tunich.
A cikin tsaunukan Chiapas
Sun ƙunshi tsohuwar farar ƙasa, daga Cretaceous, waɗanda suma suka yi karaya sosai, da ƙyama da nakasa, ban da gaskiyar cewa ana ruwa sama sosai a can. Yankin ya ƙunshi ramuka a tsaye da kwance. Don haka muna da Tsarin Soconusco, tare da kusan kilomita 28 tsawonsa da zurfin m 633; kogon Kogin La Venta, tare da kilomita 13; sanannen kogon Rancho Nuevo, tare da ci gaba fiye da kilomita 10 da zurfin 520 m; da kogon Arroyo Grande, kuma tsawon kilomita 10; da Chorro Grande mai ɗan faɗi kaɗan fiye da kilomita 9. Tana da ramuka a tsaye kamar Sótano de la Lucha, ɗayan mafi girma a cikin Meziko, tare da rijiyar tsaye kusan 300 m, ban da ƙunshe da kogin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa; ƙofar hanyar Sótano del Arroyo Grande mai tsaye ne na 283 m; da Sima de Don Juan wani babban rami ne mai faɗuwa tare da faɗuwar 278 m; Sima Dos Puentes yana da daftarin m 250; a cikin Tsarin Soconusco shine Sima La Pedrada tare da tsaye na 220 m; Sima Chikinibal, tare da cikakken jifa na 214 m; da Fundillo del Ocote, tare da digo na mita 200.
A cikin Sierra Madre del Sur
Oneayan ɗayan lardunan ilimin lissafi ne masu rikitarwa, tare da tsarin dutsen da ke da asali iri-iri, da rashin kwanciyar hankali a halin yanzu. A bangaren gabashin ta, tsaunukan manyan duwatsu masu hade da duwatsu suna tashi a daya daga cikin wuraren da ake ruwan sama a kasar, inda aka binciko wasu daga cikin hanyoyin kogo mafi zurfi a duniya. A cikin wannan lardin, a cikin jihohin Oaxaca da Puebla, sanannun ramuka masu zurfi a Mexico da nahiyar Amurka an san su, wato, duk waɗanda suka wuce mita 1,000 na rashin daidaito, waɗanda suke tara. Wasu na da faɗaɗa mai yawa, tunda suna gabatar da abubuwan ci gaba na tsawon kilomita goma da yawa a tsayi. Wannan kawai don ambaton ɗayan kyawawan sifofin ƙasa na wannan lardin. Tsarin Cheve yana tsaye a cikin wannan yankin, tare da zurfin zurfin 1,484; da Tsarin Huautla, tare da m 1,475; duka a cikin Oaxaca.
A cikin Sierra Madre Oriental
Yana gabatar da jerin tsaunuka da ke karkashin ikon limestones waɗanda suke da nakasa sosai a cikin manyan ninki. Kogonsa suna tsaye a tsaye, tare da wasu masu zurfin gaske, kamar Tsarin Purificación, tare da m 953; da Sótano del Berro, tare da m 838; da Sótano de la Trinidad, tare da 834 m; da Borbollón Resumidero, tare da 821 m; da Sótano de Alfredo, tare da 673 m; na Tilaco, tare da 649 m; Cueva del Diamante, tare da 621, da kuma Las Coyotas ginshiki, tare da 581 m, daga cikin sanannun mutane. A wasu sassan akwai ci gaban da ke da matukar muhimmanci, kamar a Tamaulipas, inda Tsarin Purificación yake da tsawon kilomita 94, kuma Cueva del Tecolote mai 40. Wannan yankin ya shahara tun da daɗewa saboda kasancewarta manyan ramuka a tsaye. Guda biyu sun ba ta shahara a duniya, tunda ana ɗaukansu a cikin mafi zurfin duniya: Sótano del Barro, tare da faɗuwar faɗuwa ta mita 410 kyauta, da Golondrinas tare da tsawansa 376 m Ba wai kawai an haɗa su daga cikin masu zurfin zurfin ba, har ma daga cikin waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin aiki, tun da na farkon yana da sarari na murabba'in mita miliyan 15, yayin da na Golondrinas miliyan 5 ne. Sauran manyan abysses na tsaye na wannan lardin sune Sótano de la Culebra, tare da 337 m; da Sotanito de Ahuacatlán, tare da 288 m; da Sótano del Aire, tare da 233 m. El Zacatón ya cancanci ambaton musamman, a cikin Tamaulipas, babban cenote, ɗayan thean tsirarun mutanen da ke wajen Yucatan, wanda jikin ruwan sa ya haɗu da rami madaidaiciya na mita 329.
A cikin tsaunuka da filayen Arewa
Su ne lardunan da suka bushe a cikin Mexico kuma galibi sun yadu akan Chihuahua da Coahuila. Wannan yankin ya kunshi jerin filayen fadada wadanda aka kawata su da manyan tsaunuka masu yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da masaniya. Filayen sun hada da yankin tarihin rayuwar hamada na Chihuahuan. Masana ilimin kimiyyar sihiri sunyi binciken lardin kuma yana da siffofi da yawa na karkashin kasa tare da mahimman ramuka masu kwance, kodayake akwai kuma wadanda suke a tsaye, kamar su Pozo del Hundido, tare da faɗuwar kyauta ta 185 m. Kogon da aka san su sanannu ba su da ɗan tsawo, suna nuna Cueva de Tres Marías, tare da ci gaban kilomita 2.5 da kuma tsaunin Nombre de Dios, a cikin garin Chihuahua, tare da kusan kilomita 2. A cikin wannan lardin Kogon Naica ya yi fice, musamman Cueva de los Cristales, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin mafi ƙarancin rami da ban mamaki a duniya.
