Idan wani abu ya fasalta tarihin Pimería Alta, to hamayya ne da ɓarna na ƙoƙarin gini da bala'i, wanda ta wata hanyar tsarin addininsa shaida ne.
Mahimmin bayani game da wannan labarin shine Uba Kino. Don haka, kyautar Franciscan tana da girma da launuka. Abin da ya rage na Jesuits ba safai ba, kuma na Uba Kino musamman, har ma da ƙarancin gaske. Koyaya, akwai rashin fahimta a cikin kalmar manufa. A zahiri, aikin shine aiki zuwa ga manufa ta bishara: aikin wayewa. Kuma a wannan ma'anar, al'adun Eusebio Francisco Kino sun fi abin da muke bayyanawa girma sosai.
Cocin da ke garin Tubutama, arewacin Sonora, tare da fitaccen ɗan fasalinsa, kamar yana ɓoye ne a bangonsa babban tarihin ayyukan mishan na Pimería Alta.
Gidan ibada na farko na Tubutama watakila itace mai sauki wanda Uba Eusebio Francisco Kino ya gina yayin ziyarar sa ta farko a shekarar 1689. Sannan kuma wasu gine-ginen da suka fi na zamani wadanda suka fada cikin wani lamari mai ban mamaki: tayar da Pimas, harin Apaches, karancin mishaneri, sahara mai ban sha'awa ... A ƙarshe, ginin da aka yi yanzu an yi shi ne tsakanin 1770 da 1783, wanda ya dau fiye da ƙarni biyu.
KYAUTA YATSA
Kino ya bincika, a tsakanin sauran yankuna, kusan dukkanin Pimería Alta: yanki ne mai kwatankwacin Austria da Switzerland tare, wanda ya ƙunshi arewacin Sonora da kudancin Arizona. Koyaya, abin da yayi aiki tuƙuru a matsayin mishan shine yanki mai kusan rabin girmansa, iyakar ƙarshensa akwai Tucson, zuwa arewa; da Kogin Magdalena da raƙuman ruwa, kudu da gabas; da Sonoyta, zuwa yamma. A wannan yankin ya kafa manufa goma sha biyu, menene ragowar waɗannan gine-ginen? A cewar masu binciken da yawa, gutsuttsuren bango ne kawai a cikin aikin Nuestra Señora del Pilar da Santiago de Cocóspera.
Cocóspera ba komai bane illa cocin da aka watsar sama da shekaru 150. Tana tsakanin rabin hanya - kuma kusa da babbar hanya - tsakanin urismuris da Cananea, ma'ana, a iyakar gabashin Pimería Alta. Baƙon zai ga tsarin haikalin kawai, riga ba tare da rufi ba kuma da aan kayan ado. Abu mai ban sha'awa game da wurin, duk da haka, shine gini biyu ne a ɗaya. Innerangaren ciki na bangon, wanda gabaɗaya adobe ne, sun dace, in ji su, ga haikalin da Kino ya keɓe a shekara ta 1704. Buttresses da kayan ado na masonry a waje, gami da theofar da a yau ke tallafawa ta hanyar ma'auni, na sake gina Franciscan da aka yi tsakanin 1784 da 1801.
A cikin filayen Bízani, wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 20 kudu maso yamma na Caborca, akwai wasu yankuna na abin da haikalin mishan na Santa María del Pópulo de Bízani, wanda aka gina a tsakiyar karni na 18. Wani abin da ya fi ƙarfafawa shi ne wasan kwaikwayon a cikin Oquitoa, shafin tsohuwar manufa na San Antonio Paduano de Oquitoa. A cikin wannan garin, kilomita 30 kudu maso yamma na Átil, an kiyaye cocin sosai kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi. Kodayake sananne ne cewa an "kawata shi" a cikin shekaru goman ƙarshe na ƙarni na 18, ana iya ɗaukarsa ya fi Jesuit fiye da Franciscan. Ginin, wanda aka gina watakila a wajajen 1730, shine "akwatin takalmi", samfurin da ake bi wanda Jesuit ke bi a matakan farko na ayyukan arewa maso yammacin Mexico: bango madaidaiciya, rufin kwanon ruɓaɓɓu da rassan da aka rufe da abubuwa daban-daban (daga taki ko da tubali), kuma duk da cewa ana ganin cewa francans sun yiwa layin kofar kofar wani dan karen kyau, basu gina hasumiyar kararrawa ba: a yau masu aminci suna ci gaba da kiran taro saboda wani abu na farko kamar yadda yake abin birgewa wanda yake sama da facade .
FRANCISCAN SPLENDOR
Misalin gaban haikalin Oquitoa shine cocin San Ignacio (a da San Ignacio Cabórica), garin da ke da nisan kilomita 10 arewa maso gabashin Magdalena. Har ila yau, gini ne na Jesuit (watakila sanannen mahaifin Agustín de Campos ne ya yi shi a farkon ƙarni na uku na ƙarni na 18) cewa daga baya, tsakanin 1772 da 1780, waɗanda Franciscans suka gyara; amma a nan Franciscan ya fi rinjaye akan Jesuit. Tuni yana da ƙoƙari a ɗakin sujada na gefe, yana da tsayayyar hasumiyar ƙararrawa kuma rufinsa yana da ƙarfi. Ba yanzu ba ne, a takaice, coci don neophytes, ko na sabuwar manufa da aka kafa.
A cikin garin Pitiquito, kilomita 13 daga gabashin Caborca, haikalin aikin Franciscan ne wanda aka yi tsakanin 1776 da 1781. A ciki akwai jerin frescoes da aka ɗan jima daga baya, tare da adadi da alamu na Uwargidanmu, masu bisharar guda huɗu, wasu mala'iku , Shaidan da Mutuwa.
Gidajen San José de Tumacácori, a Arizona (kimanin kilomita 40 arewa na Nogales), da na Santa María Magdalena, a Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, waɗanda Franciscans suka gina kuma an kammala su bayan Independence.
Mafi kyawun gine-ginen da za'a iya samu a Pimería Alta sune majami'u guda biyu na Franciscan: San Javier del Bac, a gefen garin Tucson (Arizona) na yanzu, da La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca (Sonora). Gwanin duka biyun an gudanar da su ne ta hanyar babban masanin, Ignacio Gaona, wanda kusan ya sanya su tagwaye. Ba su da ban sha'awa sosai saboda girman su, suna kama da kowane coci daga ƙarshen talauci na wani matsakaiciyar birni a tsakiyar Meziko, amma idan kuna tunanin an gina su a cikin ƙananan ƙauyuka biyu a gefen New Spain (San Javier tsakanin 1781 da 1797, da Caborca tsakanin 1803 da 1809), suna da girma. San Javier da ɗan siriri fiye da La Purísima Concepción, kuma yana da jerin kyawawan kyawawan abubuwan bagade na Churrigueresque waɗanda aka yi da turmi. Cocin Caborca, a gefe guda, ya zarce 'yar'uwarta saboda mafi girman yanayin waje.
IDAN KA JE PIMERÍA ALTA
Wani rukuni na farko na garuruwa tare da tsohuwar manufa yana kan arewa maso yamma na jihar Sonora. Daga Hermosillo ɗauki babbar hanya babu. 15 zuwa Santa Ana, 176 kilomita arewa. Pitiquito da Caborca suna kan babbar hanyar tarayya. 2, 94 da 107 kilomita zuwa yamma, bi da bi. Daga Altar –21 kilomita gabas da Pitiquito-- ɗauki ɓataccen ɓata zuwa Sáric, wanda a farkonsa yakai kilomita 50 zaka sami garuruwan Oquitoa, Átil da Tubutama.
Rukuni na biyu na garuruwan shine gabas da na baya. Babban burinta na farko shine Magdalena de Kino, kilomita 17 daga Santa Ana akan babbar hanyar no. 15. San Ignacio yana da nisan kilomita 10 arewa da Magdalena, akan babbar hanya. Don zuwa Cocóspera dole ne ku ci gaba zuwa urismuris kuma a can ku ɗauki babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 2 yana jagorantar Cananea; kango na aikin kusan kilomita 40 ne a gaba, ta gefen hagu.
A Arizona, Tumacácori National Monument da garin San Javier del Bac suna da nisan kilomita 47 da 120 arewa da ƙetare Nogales. Dukkanin maki biyun suna kusan a gefe daya na Tsakiyar A'a. 19 wanda ke hada Nogales da Tucson, kuma suna da hujjoji bayyanannu.
