Ixtlahuacán yanki ne inda arzikin tarihi, wanda ke nuna a al'adun al'adun Nahuatl, an haɗe shi da kyawawan dabi'u na banbancin yanayin ta.
Kodayake akwai ma'anoni da yawa wadanda ake danganta su ga kalmar Ixtlahuacán, amma wanda mazaunan wannan gari suka fi ganewa shi ne "wuri daga inda ake kallo ko kallo", wanda ya ƙunshi kalmomin: ixtli (ido, kallo, ra'ayi); hua (inda, ko nasa ne) kuma zai iya (sanya ko prefix lokaci). Aya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka yarda da wannan ma'anar gabaɗaya shi ne gaskiyar cewa tsohuwar yankin Ixtlahuacán - mafi faɗi fiye da na yanzu - hanya ce ta tilas ga ƙabilar Purépecha waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari su mallaki gishirin. Wani kuma ana danganta shi da gaskiyar cewa an yi wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe a yankin a wannan rukunin yanar gizon don tunkude maharan yayin mamayar Spain.
Saboda wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, ana iya zaton cewa gari ne na mayaki inda, amfani da tsaunukan tsaunuka da ke kewaye da wurin, ana sanya ido tare da gargadin yiwuwar kutse daga wasu kungiyoyi na waje. Ixtlahuacán wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin jihar Colima da ke kudu maso gabashin mahaɗan, kudu da garin na Colima da kuma kan iyaka da Michoacán. A wannan yankin, inda aka haɗu da wadatar al'adun Nahuatl tare da kyawawan shimfidar wurare, akwai shafuka da yawa waɗanda suka cancanci ziyarta. Mun kasance a cikin wasu wurare masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke kusa da kujerar birni na Ixtlahuacán, mashigin yawon shakatawa.
THE GRUTTA DE SAN GABRIEL
Wuri na farko da muka ziyarta shine San Gabriel ko Teoyostoc kogo (tsarkakken kogo ko na alloli), wanda yake kan tsaunin suna iri ɗaya. A halin yanzu na karamar hukumar Tecomán ne amma koyaushe ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ixtlahuacán, tunda a baya yana cikin wannan karamar hukumar. Mun tashi tare da shimfidar hanyar da ta faro daga dandalin Ixtlahuacán zuwa kudu, daga inda muke iya ganin gonar tamarind da ke kusa da garin. Bayan kamar minti 15 sai mu ci gaba tare da karkata zuwa dama daidai lokacin da gangaren tsaunin ya fara.
A cikin ɓangaren sama, ba shi yiwuwa a kiyaye kuma a more shimfidar wuri mai ban sha'awa: ƙaramin fili a gaba; bayan haka, tsaunukan da ke kewaye da Ixtlahuacán kuma daga nesa, manyan duwatsu waɗanda suke nuna cewa su masu kula da wurin ne. Bayan mun yi tafiyar awa daya sai muka isa yankin na San Gabriel, mun gaisa da wasu daga cikin makwabta kuma wani yaro ya yi mana rakiya tare da mu zuwa babban ginin da ke 'yan mituna kaɗan daga gidajen, amma waɗanda ba su sani ba ba sa lura da hakan. cewa akwai wannan kyakkyawan aikin yanayi.
Tare da tabbacin cewa zamu kasance akan madaidaiciyar hanya, muka fara tafiyarmu. Kusan kimanin mita dari a gaba, jagorar ya jagorance mu ta karkashin bishiyoyi, 20 m ƙari kuma akwai babban rami kusan 7 m a diamita kewaye da duwatsu da kuma wata katuwar bishiya a ɗayan bankunan, wanda ke kiran masu sha'awar su zame tare da Tushen saukowa kimanin mita 15 zuwa ƙofar kogon. Abokin tafiyarmu ya nuna mana yadda “sauki” ke da sauka ba tare da wani taimako ba face takun sa da hannayen sa, duk da haka, mun fi son sauka da taimakon igiya mai karfi. Entranceofar zuwa grotto ƙaramar buɗewa ce a cikin bene tsakanin duwatsu, inda da wuya mutum ɗaya ya sami wuri. A can, bin umarnin jagoran, mun zame sai muka yi mamakin ganin mujiya da ta ji rauni kuma ta nemi mafaka a ƙofar kogon.
Kamar yadda hasken da yake sarrafawa don tacewa a cikin ciki yake kaɗan, ya zama dole a ɗauki fitilu don iya lura da ƙimar wurin: ɗaki mai zurfin zurfin 30 m, 15 faɗi kuma mai tsayin kusan mita 20. An kafa rufin kusan gaba ɗaya ta hanyar stalactites, wanda a wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa tare da stalagmites waɗanda suke da alama suna fitowa daga ƙasa kuma tare suke haske yayin da haske ke fuskantar su. Wani abin bakin ciki shine ya fahimci yadda wasu maziyartan da suka gabata, ba tare da mutunta yanayin yanayi ba tsawon dubunnan shekaru, suka yaye manyan bangarorin wannan abin al'ajabi na halitta don dauka a matsayin abubuwan tunawa.
Lokacin da muka zaga cikin ciki na tsaunin kuma har yanzu yana da kyan gani saboda kyan sa, munga yadda, tun daga ramin shiga da kasa, ake kafa matakai masu fadi da duwatsu, wadanda bisa ga bincike da binciken da aka gudanar, an gina su ne a zamanin zamanin Hispanic da manufar juya wannan sararin ya zama cibiyar shagalin bikin. Akwai ma ka'idar cewa kaburburan shaft da aka samu a jihohin Colima da Michoacán da kuma a jamhuriyoyin Ecuador da Kolumbia, na iya samun dangantaka da wannan kogon ko wasu makamantansu, tunda tsarinsu iri daya ne. Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa a cikin wannan wurin, wanda bisa ga tarihi ya kasance a cikin 1957 ta masu farauta, babu alamun abin da aka gano na ɓangarorin archaeological. Koyaya, mazaunan karamar hukuma sanannu ne a cikin binciken abubuwa daban-daban na al'adun Nahuatl akwai kusan kwasar ganima kuma babu wanda zai iya bayanin inda ɗumbin gutsun da aka samo suke.
LAURA'S POND
Bayan manyan hotunan sun birge mu a cikin kogon San Gabriel, sai mu ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Las Conchas, wani ƙaramin gari mai nisan kilomita 23 zuwa gabashin Ixtlahuacán. Nisan kilomita daya gaban Las Conchas sai muka tsaya a wani babban wuri da aka fi sani da tafkin Laura, inda ake ganin bishiyoyi suna haɗuwa don ba da wuri mai sanyi a ƙarƙashin inuwarta kusa da Rio Grande. A can, a bankin kogin da ya raba jihohin Colima da Michoacán, mun ga wasu yara suna iyo a cikin ruwansa yayin da muke sauraren bayyanan gunaguni na kogin tare da waƙar calandrias, launukansa, baƙi da rawaya, sun ratsa ta ko'ina. Kafin tafiya zuwa makoma ta gaba, jagorar yayi nuni da wasu gurbi da wadannan tsuntsayen suka gina. Dangane da wannan, ya gaya mana cewa bisa ga magabatan, idan yawancin gidajan suna a wuraren mafi girma, ba za a sami iska mai yawa ba; A gefe guda, idan suna cikin ƙananan sassa, alama ce ta cewa lokacin damina zai zo tare da gaguwa mai ƙarfi.
KABARUN TIRO DE CHAMILA
Daga Las Conchas zamu ci gaba akan hanyar da ke zuwa Ixtlahuacán, yanzu haka manyan gonaki na mangoro, tamarind da lemo suna kewaye da shi. A kan hanya mun yi mamakin wata karamar barewa da ta wuce mu. Abin haushi da bakin ciki shine ganin wasu mutane, maimakon jin daɗi da godiya ga waɗannan haɗuwar, nan da nan suka zana makamansu kuma suke ƙoƙarin farautar waɗannan dabbobin da ke da wahalar samu.
Kimanin kusan kilomita 8 daga Las Conchas mun isa Chamila, wani yanki wanda yake a ƙasan dutsen mai wannan sunan. Wucewa tsakanin gonar lemo da gonar masara mun isa wani sashi dan kadan sama da sauran filin, kimanin mita 30 zuwa 30, inda aka kafa makabartar pre-Hispanic, tun daga yau aka gano su kusan kaburbura 25. Wannan makabartar ta dace da hadaddun Ortices, wanda ya samo asali daga shekara ta 300 na zamaninmu kuma ya kasance ɗayan manyan tushen ilimin zamanin kafin zamanin Hispanic na jihar Colima. Kodayake kaburburan shaft sun bambanta a girmansu, zurfin sura da sifa, amma ana ɗaukarsu irin na yankin ne saboda an gina su gaba ɗaya a ƙasa, kuma suna da shaft da ɗaya ko sama da ɗakunan binnewa kusa da inda aka sami ragowar mamacin. da hadayarsu. Wurin isa ga kowane kabari rijiya ce mai diamita tsakanin 80 zuwa 120 cm kuma zurfin tsakanin mita 2 zuwa 3. Chamakin kabarin sun kai kusan mita ɗaya da 20 cm, tsayinsu ya kai mita 3, suna sadarwa ta ƙananan ramuka tsakanin wasu.
Lokacin da aka gano kaburburan, gabaɗaya aka gano sadarwa ta harbi tare da kyamara ta hanyar yumbu ko dutse, kamar tukwane, tasoshin ruwa da ƙananan ƙarfe. Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa kabarin da aka harba yana da babbar alama, yayin da yake bin mahaifa da kabari, an dauke shi karshen rayuwar rayuwa: yana farawa da haihuwa kuma yana karewa ta hanyar komawa cikin mahaifar duniya. Inda ƙasar makabartar ta ƙare akwai man petrollyph, babban dutse ne wanda aka zana rubutu akansa. Da alama taswira ce da ke nuna wurin da kabarin harbi suke a wurin, tare da wasu layuka da ke nuna sadarwa a tsakaninsu. Bugu da kari, wani abu mai matukar ban sha'awa an sassaka shi a jikin dutsen: sawun kafa biyu, daya da ke bayyana kamar ta 'yar asalin baligi ce da kuma ta yaro. Bugu da ƙari, don baƙin cikinmu, lokacin da muke tambaya game da abubuwan arziƙin da aka samo a wurin, amsoshin mazaunan da hukumomin garin sun nuna cewa kusan an wawushe kaburburan. Dangane da wannan, akwai waɗanda ke da'awar cewa ganimar da ke nan waɗanda masu wawaso suka samu galibi ana samun ta ne a ƙasashen waje.
DAUKAR CIUDADEL
A kan hanyarmu ta komawa Ixtlahuacán, kimanin kilomita 3 a baya, muna bin wata karamar hanya don ganin La Toma, wani kyakkyawan tafki da aka yi amfani da shi tun 1995 a matsayin gonar kiwon kifin, inda aka dasa farin kifi. Lokacin barin La Toma, muna lura daga nesa, a filayen "Las haciendas", wasu tuddai da yawa waɗanda aka yi wa ado da duwatsu waɗanda, saboda tsarinsu a wurin, ya ja hankalinmu. Duk abin da alama yana nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin fifikon ƙasa akwai gine-gine tun zamanin Hispanic, tun da sifofinsu suna kama da ƙananan pyramids waɗanda har ila yau suna kewaye da abin da zai iya zama filin wasa. Bayan waɗannan gine-ginen da ake gani akwai tuddai guda huɗu, a tsakiya - bisa ga abin da suka gaya mana kuma ba za mu iya tabbatarwa ba saboda haɓakar ciyawar - akwai abin da ya zama bagadin dutse. Gaskiyar da ta same mu cewa a kan ƙananan pyramids akwai yadin da yawa na tukwanen da aka warwatse da gumaka da aka farfasa.
Wannan wuri na ƙarshe a cikin tafiyarmu ya haifar da tunani mai zuwa: Wannan yankin gaba ɗaya yana da wadataccen kayan al'adun kakanninmu, godiya ga wannan yana yiwuwa a san juna da kyau. Koyaya, akwai waɗanda ke ganin wannan a cikin fa'idodin maslahar mutum kawai. Da fatan ba su kaɗai ba ne suke amfani da wannan dukiyar kuma abin da ya rage ana ceto don amfanin kowa, don haka ta wannan hanyar Mexico da ba a sani ba ta ragu da ƙasa.
IDAN KA JE IXTLAHUACÁN
Daga Colima ɗauki Babbar Hanya 110 zuwa tashar jirgin Manzanillo. A kilomita 30 zaka bi alamar zuwa hagu kuma kilomita takwas daga baya ka isa Ixtlahuacán, ka ɗan wuce gaban ƙaramin garin Tamala. Farawa da wuri yana yiwuwa a kammala duka hanyar a rana ɗaya. Don ziyarar grotto ya zama dole a sami igiya mai tsayayyar aƙalla mita 25 kuma kar a manta da kawo fitilu. Kafin fara wannan balaguron, ya fi dacewa a tuntuɓi Mista José Manuel Mariscal Olivares, marubucin tarihin wurin, a shugabancin birni na Ixtlahuacán, wanda ba shakka muna godiya da goyon baya da ya bayar wajen aiwatar da wannan rahoto.
