Wancan Juma'ar ta Juma'a ta 1519, a ƙarshe, Hernán Cortés da sahabbansa da ke cikin makamai suka sauka a kan yashi na Chalchiucueyehcan, a gaban Tsibirin Sadaka.
Kyaftin din Extremaduran, yana neman kawar da yarjejeniyar da ya kulla tare da ci gaban Cuba, Diego Velázquez, ya tara duk sojoji su kafa majalisar gari ta farko a waɗannan sabbin ƙasashen.
A cikin wannan aikin, ya yi murabus daga matsayin da Velázquez ya ba shi, kuma bisa shawarar mafi rinjaye an ba shi mukamin kyaftin-janar na rundunar, ya danganta da ikon masarautar Spain, wanda, idan aka ba tazarar da Tekun Atlantika ya nuna, ya bar Cortés kyauta don yayi kamar yadda burinsa ya faɗa. A matsayina na aiki na biyu, an kafa Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, sulhu wanda ya fara rashin kyau tare da sansanin sauki na sababbin waɗanda suka sauka.
Jim kaɗan bayan haka, Cortés ya karɓi ofishin jakadancin da Mista Chicomecóatl ya aika - wanda Mutanen Spain suka kira "El Cacique Gordo" saboda yawan adadinsa -, mai mulkin Totonac na makwabcin garin Zempoala, wanda ya gayyace shi ya zauna a yankinsa. Daga wannan lokacin, Cortés ya fahimci matsayinsa na fa'ida kuma ya yarda ya matsa tare da sojojinsa zuwa babban birnin Totonac; don haka, jiragen ruwan Sifen suka tafi wani ƙaramin mashigin ruwa a gaban garin Totonac na Quiahuiztlan.
Ta hanyar masu ba shi labarai da masu fassara, Jerónimo de Aguilar da doña Marina, the Extremaduran sun gano halin da yankin ke ciki, don haka ne suka fahimci cewa babban Moctezuma ya yi mulki a cikin babban birni, cike da wadata, wanda dakarunta suka ci gaba da mulkin soja na abin kunya. , wanda a bayansa ya kasance masu ƙin karɓar haraji don cire kayayyakin waɗannan ƙasashe da shuka ƙiyayya; Irin wannan yanayin ya kasance mai matukar farin jini ga shugaban Sifen kuma bisa ga haka ya tsara kasuwancin nasa.
Amma sai wani bangare na sojojin da suka zo daga Cuba, ba su gamsu da manufofin Cortés ba, suka yi yunƙurin tayar da hankali da yunƙurin komawa tsibirin; Sanarwa game da wannan, Cortés ya sa jiragen ruwansa sun durƙushe, kodayake ya tserar da duk jiragen ruwa da igiyoyin da ke iya amfani da su; yawancin jirgi suna kan gani, saboda haka ƙarfe, ƙusoshi da itace za a salvantar dasu daga baya.
Da yake neman tsaro mai yawa, Cortés ya tattara dukkan rundunar a yankin Quiahuiztlan kuma ya ba da umarnin gina wani karamin sansanin soja, wanda zai zama Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz ta biyu, yana gina gidaje da itacen da aka ceto daga jiragen nakasassu.
Daga nan ne aka sanya shirin Cortés don mamayar sabon yankin, duk da yunƙurin Aztec tlatoani don gamsar da yunwar dukiya da Mutanen Sifen suka fito fili - musamman ta fuskar kayan ado da na zinare –.
Moctezuma, ya sanar da niyyar Turawan, ya tura mayaƙansa da gwamnonin yankin a matsayin jakadunsa, a yunƙurin banza ya tsayar da su.
Kaftin din na Sifen ya tashi don shiga yankin. Daga Quiahuiztlan sojojin suka koma Zempoala, inda Spaniards da Totonacs suka amince da ƙawancen da ke ƙarfafa rukunin Cortés tare da dubban mayaƙan ƙasar da ke ɗokin ɗaukar fansa.
Sojojin Sifen sun ƙetare filin bakin teku tare da dunes, koguna da tsaunuka masu laushi, bayyananniyar shaida ta tudun Saliyo Madre; sun tsaya a wani wuri da suka kira Rinconada, kuma daga nan suka nufi Xalapa, wani karamin gari mai tsayin sama da mita dubu wanda ya basu damar hutawa daga zafin bakin dake bakin teku.
A nasu bangaren, jakadun Aztec suna da umarni don hana Cortés, don haka ba su jagorantar da shi ta hanyoyin gargajiya da suka hade cibiyar Mexico da sauri da bakin teku ba, sai dai a kan titunan da ke kan hanyar; Don haka, daga Jalapa suka koma Coatepec kuma daga can zuwa Xicochimalco, birni mai tsaro wanda ke cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, hawan ya kara zama da wahala, hanyoyin sun jagorance su ta hanyar tsaunuka masu tsaunuka da ramuka masu zurfin gaske, wanda, haɗe da tsayi, ya haifar da mutuwar wasu slavesan asalin bayi da Cortés ya kawo daga Antilles kuma waɗanda basa nan. amfani da irin wannan yanayin sanyi. Daga karshe suka isa mafi girman tsauni, wanda sukayi baftisma a matsayin Puerto del Nombre de Dios, daga inda suka fara gangarowa. Sun ratsa Ixhuacán, inda suka sha wahala mai tsananin sanyi da zafin nama na dutsen mai fitad da wuta; sannan suka isa Malpaís, yankin da ke gewaye da tsaunin Perote, suna bi ta cikin ƙasa mai cike da gishiri da suka yi baftisma kamar El Salado. Mutanen Spain sun yi mamakin tarin ruwa mai ɗaci da ɓoyayyiyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dutsen, kamar Alchichica; Lokacin da suke ratsawa ta hanyar Xalapazco da Tepeyahualco, masu baƙi na Sifen, gumi suka yi ɗumi, ƙishirwa kuma ba tare da tsayayyar alkibla ba, sun fara damuwa. Jagoran Aztec ya amsa kwatsam ga buƙatun kuzari na Cortés.
A cikin yankin arewa maso yamma na yankin gishiri sun sami muhimman mutane biyu inda suka yi abinci suka huta na wani lokaci: Zautla, a gefen Kogin Apulco, da Ixtac Camastitlan. A can, kamar yadda yake a sauran garuruwa, Cortés ya buƙaci daga masu mulki, a madadin sarki mai nisa, a kawo masa zinare, wanda ya canza shi da wasu gutsun gilashi da wasu abubuwa marasa amfani.
Theungiyar masu balaguron suna gab da kan iyakar gidan Tlaxcala, wanda Cortés ya aika wakilai biyu cikin aminci. Tlaxcalans, waɗanda suka kafa ƙasa biyu, suka yanke shawara a majalisa, kuma yayin da tattaunawar tasu ta yi jinkiri, Mutanen Sifen suka ci gaba; Bayan sun tsallaka katangar katuwar dutse sun yi arangama da Otomi da Tlaxcalans a Tecuac, inda suka rasa wasu mazaje. Daga nan suka ci gaba zuwa Tzompantepec, inda suka yi yaƙi da sojojin Tlaxcala wanda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin matashin kyaftin Xicoténcatl, ɗan shugaban mai wannan sunan. A ƙarshe, sojojin Spain sun yi nasara kuma Xicoténcatl da kansa ya ba da salama ga masu nasara kuma ya jagorantar da su zuwa Tizatlán, wurin zama na iko a lokacin. Cortés, ya san tsohuwar ƙiyayya tsakanin Tlaxcalans da Aztecs, ya jawo hankalinsu da kalmomi masu daɗi da alkawura, yana mai sanya Tlaxcalans, tun daga lokacin, ya kasance amintattun abokansa.
Hanyar zuwa Mexico yanzu ta kasance kai tsaye. Sabbin abokansa sun ba da shawarar ga Mutanen Espanya su je Cholula, muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci da addini ta kwarin Puebla. Yayin da suka kusanci shahararren garin, sun yi matukar farin ciki, suna tunanin cewa haskakawar gine-ginen ya faru ne saboda an rufe su da zinariyar lamellae da azurfa, alhali kuma gogewar dodo da fenti ne ya haifar da wannan tunanin.
Cortés, ya yi gargaɗi game da wata makarkashiya da Cholultecas ya shirya a kansa, ya ba da umarnin mummunan kisan gilla wanda Tlaxcalans ke shiga cikin sahun gaba. Labarin wannan aikin ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin yankin kuma ya ba wa nasara nasara.
A kan tafiyarsu zuwa Tenochtitlan sai suka ratsa ta Calpan suka tsaya a Tlamacas, a tsakiyar Saliyo Nevada, tare da dutsen mai fitad da wuta a gefen; A can Cortés ya yi tunanin kyakkyawan hangen nesa na rayuwarsa duka: a ƙasan kwarin, tsaunuka kewaye da dazuzzuka, tabkuna ne, cike da birane da yawa. Hakan ce makomarsa kuma babu abin da zai saba wa yanzu don zuwa ya tarye shi.
Sojojin Spain sun sauko har zuwa Amecameca da Tlalmanalco; A cikin garuruwan biyu Cortés yana karɓar kayan adon zinare da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci; daga baya Turawan suka taba gefen tafkin Chalco, a bakin dutsen da aka fi sani da Ayotzingo; daga can suka zagaya Tezompa da Tetelco, daga inda suka lura da tsibirin Míxquic, har suka isa yankin chinampera na Cuitláhuac. Sannu a hankali suka kusanci Iztapalapa, inda Cuitláhuac, kanen Moctezuma kuma uban gidan wurin ya karbe su; a cikin Iztapalapa, sannan yana tsakanin chinampas da tsaunin Citlaltépetl, sun sake ƙarfafa ƙarfinsu kuma, ban da ɗimbin dukiya, an ba su mata da yawa.
A ƙarshe, a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1519, sojojin da Hernán Cortés ke jagoranta suka ci gaba a kan hanyar Iztapalapa a cikin sashin da ya tashi daga gabas zuwa yamma, har zuwa mahadar wani sashin hanyar da ya ratsa Churubusco da Xochimilco, daga can ya tafi a kan hanyar da ta tashi daga kudu zuwa arewa. A can nesa za a iya rarrabe dala da gumakansu, hayaƙin baƙin braziers ya lullubesu; Daga wani sashe zuwa yanki, daga kwale-kwalen su, 'yan ƙasar sun yi mamakin bayyanar Bature da, musamman, saboda makwafin dawakai.
A Fort Xólotl, wanda ya kare ƙofar kudu zuwa Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Cortés ya sake karɓar kyaututtuka daban-daban. Moctezuma ya bayyana a cikin kujerar shimfida shara, ya yi ado mai kyau kuma tare da iska mai ɗaurin aure; A wannan ganawa tsakanin ɗan asalin ƙasar da kyaftin ɗin Sifen, mutane biyu da al'adu biyu sun haɗu a ƙarshe wanda zai ci gaba da gwagwarmaya mai zafi.
Source:Wuraren Tarihi A'a. 11 Hernán Cortés da mamayar Mexico / Mayu 2003
