A shekara ta 1521, Fernando de Magallanes, wani ɗan ƙasar Portugal da ke zirga-zirgar Spain, ya gano wani babban tsibiri a shahararriyar tafiyar tasa, wanda ya ba shi suna San Lázaro.
A lokacin, tare da amincewar Paparoma Alexander VI, Portugal da Spain sun raba Sabuwar Duniya da aka gano shekaru 29 da suka gabata. Mamayar Tekun Kudancin - Tekun Pacific - na da mahimmin mahimmanci ga masarautun biyu masu ƙarfi, tunda duk wanda ya sami irin wannan nasarar zai kasance, ba tare da tambaya ba, "Maigidan Orb".
Turai ta sani kuma ta so tun ƙarni na sha huɗu game da tsaftace kayan masarufi kuma a wasu lokuta mahimmancin dabarun mallakar su, don haka ganowa da mulkin mallaka na Amurka ya sake yin la'akari da buƙatar kafa ƙawancen dindindin da ake buƙata tare da daular. na Babban Khan, ma'abocin tsibirin kayan yaji, siliki, kayan marmari, kayan kamshi na musamman, manyan lu'lu'u da bindiga.
Ciniki tare da Asiya ya kasance wakilci mai ban sha'awa ga Turai dangane da labarai da shaidun da Marco Polo ya bayar, saboda haka duk wani samfurin daga waɗancan ƙasashe masu nisa ba wai kawai ana kwadayin su ba ne kawai, amma kuma an saye shi a farashi mai tsada.
Saboda matsayinta na yanki, New Spain ita ce wuri mafi kyau don ƙoƙarin kafa sadarwar da aka daɗe ana jiranta, tunda abin da Spain ta yi niyya yayin tura Andrés Niño a 1520, da Jofre de Loaiza a 1525, suna iyaka da Afirka da shiga Tekun Indiya. Baya ga tafiye-tafiye masu tsada da yawa, sun haifar da gazawa sosai; A saboda wannan dalili, Hernán Cortés da Pedro de Alvarado, bayan fatattakar ƙasar Meziko, sun biya kuɗin gina jirgi da yawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da makamai a cikin Zihuatanejo da kyawawan kayayyaki.
Waɗannan su ne balaguro na farko guda biyu waɗanda za su yi yunƙuri daga New Spain don isa yankunan Gabas; Koyaya, duk da tsammanin samun nasara, dukansu sun gaza saboda dalilai daban-daban kawai shiga Tekun Pacific.
Lokaci ne na mataimakin magajin Don Luis de Velasco (mahaifin) don sake gwadawa a cikin 1542 aikin da ba shi da hankali. Don haka, ta biya kuɗin gina manyan jirgi guda huɗu, brig da ɗan kwaleji, waɗanda, a ƙarƙashin umarnin Ruy López de Villalobos, suka tashi daga Puerto de la Navidad tare da mambobi 370 a cikin jirgin.
Wannan balaguron ya sami isa ga tsibirin da Magellan ta kira shi San Lázaro wanda kuma aka sauya masa suna zuwa "Philippines", don girmama yarima mai jiran gado.
Koyaya, "dawowa" ko "dawowar" ya ci gaba da haifar da ainihin matsalar irin waɗannan kamfanoni, don haka na wasu shekaru an dakatar da aikin don sake dubawa, a cikin Metropolis da babban birni na viceroyalty of New Spain; a ƙarshe, Felipe II ya hau gadon sarauta, ya ba da umarnin a shekara ta 1564 mataimakin Velasco ya shirya sabuwar rundunar da Don Miguel López de Legazpi da maigidan Agustino Andrés de Urdaneta, waɗanda a ƙarshe suka kafa hanyar komawa wurin farawa.
Tare da nasarar da aka samu daga komawa zuwa Acapulco na San Pedro Galleon, jirgin da Urdaneta, Turai da Gabas ta Gabas ke umartar zai haɗu da kasuwanci ta hanyar Mexico.
Manila, wanda López de Legazpi ya kafa kuma yake jagoranta, ya zama yanki mai dogaro na Viceroyalty na New Spain a 1565 kuma ya kasance ga Asiya abin da Acapulco ya kasance na Kudancin Amurka: "Dukansu tashar jiragen ruwa suna da jerin halaye waɗanda suka canza su, ba tare da jinkiri ba. , a cikin wuraren kasuwanci inda kasuwancin da ya fi kowane lokaci kewayawa ”.
Daga Indiya, Ceylon, Cambodia, Moluccas, China da Japan, abubuwa masu mahimmanci na kayan albarkatu daban-daban sun mai da hankali ne a cikin Filipinas, wanda makomarsu ta ƙarshe ita ce kasuwar Turai; Koyaya, babban tasirin tattalin arziƙi na babban iko na Sifen, wanda ya raba fruitsa firstan itacen farko ya sauka a Acapulco tare da takwaransa na Peruvia, ya rage kaɗan ga masu siyen sa a Old World.
Kasashen gabashin sun fara kera cikakkun layuka na abubuwan da aka kayyade don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje kawai, yayin da kayayyakin noma irin su shinkafa, barkono, mangwaro ... aka fara gabatar dasu a hankali a cikin filayen Mexico. Hakanan, Asiya ta karɓi koko, masara, wake, azurfa da zinariya a cikin ingots, da kuma "pesos mai ƙarfi" da aka sarrafa a Mint na Mexico.
Saboda Yaƙin neman 'Yanci, kasuwanci da Gabas ya daina yin aiki daga tashar jirgin ruwa ta Acapulco ya canza zuwa na San Blas, inda aka gudanar da baje kolin kaya na ƙarshe daga ƙasashen almara na Gran Kan. A cikin Maris 1815, Magallanes Galleon suka tashi daga rairayin bakin teku na Meziko zuwa Manila, a hukumance ya rufe shekaru 250 na kasuwancin cinikin teku tsakanin New Spain da Far East.
Sunayen Catharina de San Juan, gimbiya Hindu wacce ta zauna a garin Puebla, sanannen "China Poblana", da na Felipe de las Casas, wanda aka fi sani da San Felipe de Jesús, suna tare da shi har abada. Galleon na Manila, Nao na China ko jirgin ruwan siliki.
Carlos Romero Giordano
