A cikin Meziko, ana yin hawan dutse tun kafin zamanin Hispanic, a cikin Asalin Alaƙar Chalco-Amecameca akwai shaidar hawan Popocatepetl a shekara ta 3-cane (1289).
Hawan dutse ko hawan dutse ya fara ne a 1492, lokacin da Antoine De Ville ya fara hawan Mont Aiguille. Koyaya, ranar da aka ɗauka a matsayin farkon fara wasannin motsa jiki na tsaunuka shine 8 ga watan 8, 1786, lokacin da Jacques Balmat, ya kai ga taron Mont Blanc, mafi girman ƙwanƙwasa a Turai, tare da Dr. Paccard. A cikin ƙarni na 20, a ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, masu hawa tsaunuka a tsaunukan Alps na Turai sun yunƙura don mamaye manyan ganuwar sanyi. Koyaya, shekarun 1960 sune zamanin zinariya na babban hawa bango, kuma Kwarin Yosemite na California ya zama makka don wasanni. An kara iyakokin kuma sabon tsarin jigilar kayayyaki da kayan aikin ya ba da damar ci gaba da gaba.
Wasannin hawa dutse a cikin manyan tsaunuka ana kiransa hawa dutse saboda ya tashi a tsaunukan Alps. Abubuwan halayyar sune asali a sama wanda rayuwar tsire-tsire ba zata yiwu ba kuma rayuwar dabba ba ta da kyau (wannan lamarin ya dogara da latitude inda dutsen yake) da ƙarancin matsakaicin yanayi, saboda an rufe duwatsu. na kankara ko dusar ƙanƙara Gabaɗaya, matsin yanayi yana da ƙasa ƙwarai, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan dutsen da sauran cututtuka ga mutumin da ba a san shi ba. Hutar Ultraviolet tana da girma kuma ya zama dole a rufe fata da hasken rana don guje wa ƙonewa zuwa matakai daban-daban.
Hawan dutse a Mexico
A cikin Meziko, ana yin hawan dutse tun kafin zamanin Hispanic, a cikin Asali na Asali na Chalco-Amecameca akwai shaidar hawan Popocatepetl a shekara ta 3-cane (1289). Hawan dutse ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 1940 zuwa 1950. Kungiyoyi uku ne suka fara shi; daya a Mexico City, wani a Pachuca kuma daya a Monterrey. Waɗannan sun fara haɓaka da ƙarfi. Daya daga cikin manyan wakilai na wannan zamanin shine Santos Castro, wanda ya hau kan hanyoyi da yawa a El Chico National Park, a Las Ventanas, Los Frailes da Circo del Crestón. A cikin Iztaccíhuatl ya buɗe hanyar Sentinel, wanda yakai 280 m. A cikin 1970s, 'yan Mexico Sergio Fish da Germán Wing, sun gabatar da ƙungiyar da akidar hawa dutsen da ke faruwa a Yosemite.
Ofaya daga cikin fannoni na wannan wasan shine abin da aka sani da canyoning, kalma ce da ta samo asali daga canyon Ingilishi, wanda ke nufin: bin dukkan maɓuɓɓuga ko canyon. A cikin Popocatepetl an yi shi tun farkon kwanakin hawa dutse (a shekara ta 3-cane 1289) a cikin Cañada de Nexpayantla. Yanzu ana aiwatar da shi kusan ko'ina, daga Baja California zuwa Yucatán. Abin da kawai ake buƙata shi ne bango ko kogon da dole ne ka sauka ta wannan hanyar. Anan akwai asusun wasu daga wuraren da ake yin dutsen a Mexico.
Iztaccíhuatl: Edge na Haske
Hawan yana farawa ne a Llano Grande, yana zuwa zuwa kwarin Teyotl, yana zuwa kudu, a gindin bangon shine mafakar wannan sunan. Wannan sashin farko an rufe shi da mota. Bayan haka, da ƙafa, zuwa gabas, dole ne ku ci gaba ta hanyar mashahurin tashar dutsen, wanda ya haɗu da gashin gabas na Shugaban Iztaccíhuatl da gindin Teyotl. Da zarar kun isa tudun da waɗannan abubuwa uku suka kafa, dole ne ku nufi kudu, kuna tafiya a hankali ta hanyar yankin La Cabellera Oriente mai duwatsu, wato, a gefen Puebla. A bin wannan hanyar, za mu ci gaba zuwa Wuyan, a cikin siradi mai hawa ta hanyar dusar kankara da ke rufe dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke jagorantar kai tsaye zuwa tudun da Shugaban ya kafa da dutsen daga Kirjin. Da zarar an isa Cuello, zamu ci gaba kudu tare da abin da ake kira Arista de la Luz wanda ya haɗu da taron, wanda shine Kirjin Iztaccíhuatl. Wannan hanyar ta fi guntu da hanya kai tsaye fiye da yadda aka saba ko hanyar La Joya, amma yana buƙatar kulawa da ƙwarewa da sanin dabarun hawa.
Iztaccíhuatl Volcano ko Mace Mai bacci: Hawan Mafarki
Tare da tsayi na 5,230 m, shi ne tsauni na uku mafi tsayi a cikin ƙasar kuma yanzu shine mafi yawan dutsen da dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe a Mexico. Sunanta yana nufin Farin Mace a yaren Nahuatl. Yana da hanyoyin shiga da yawa amma ɗayan sanannen shine hanyar da ta ratsa dukkanin dutsen mai fitad da wuta daga Los Pies (Amacuilécatl) zuwa El Pecho.
A cikin garin Amecameca zaku iya samun jigilar da zata ɗauke mu zuwa La Joya, a tsawan mil 3,940, inda hawa ke farawa. Anan dole ne mu ɗauki hanyar da ke hawa zuwa bango sannan kuma ta karkace. Yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa wannan hanyar da ke bin tsaunuka da tsaunuka da yawa. Bayan barin bishiyoyi na ƙarshe, dole ne muyi tafiya tare da gangare mai tsayi, to babu tsire-tsire. A ƙarshen wannan, hanyar tana kai mu zuwa ga wani dutse mai kankara wanda ya ƙare a Segundo Portillo (tashar jirgin ruwa ko wucewa). Daga nan hanyar ba za a iya kuskurewa ba kuma ya isa ya ratsa duk wuraren neman mafaka a hanyar zuwa saman.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mafakar República de Chile (mita 4,600) yankuna masu yashi sun ƙare. Bayan haka dole ne mu nemi Luis Méndez (4,900 m), daga wannan wurin ana hawa hawan tare da wata hanya tare da ɗan gangarowa har zuwa isa Kirji. Shawara mafi mahimmanci ga waɗanda basu san dutsen sosai ba shine hawan hawa tare da wani mutum ko ƙungiya na musamman. Kusan lokacin daga La Joya yana canzawa tsakanin awanni shida zuwa tara.
Shi ne tsauni mafi tsayi a cikin Mexico kuma ɗayan iyakoki ne tsakanin jihar Puebla da Veracruz. Tana da tsayi m 5,700, duk da cewa INEGI tana bashi 5,610. Matsakaicin diamita na bakin kogin shi ne m 450 kuma yana da dusar kankara mai dorewa. Kodayake sunansa na asali a cikin Nahuatl shine Citlaltépetl (daga citlallin, tauraruwa, da tépetl, tudu), anfi saninsa da Pico de Orizaba kuma babu wanda yasan ra'ayin wannan sunan.
Citlaltépetl ko Pico de Orizaba: Tauraruwa mai daɗewa
Wataƙila sunansa saboda kusancinsa da wannan birni na Veracruz. An rarrabe kyawun wannan babban dutsen daga nesa mai nisa saboda girmansa da kuma cewa yana da miliyoyin murabba'in mita na tsawan tsafta. Kusan dukkansu sun hau ta ne daga hanyar arewa saboda sauƙin ta. A cikin karamin garin Tlachichuca, a cikin jihar Puebla, za mu iya yin hayar sabis na sufuri zuwa mafakar Piedra Grande, ƙaƙƙarfan gini a tsawan tsauni na 4,260 m tare da damar hawa dozin da yawa.
Hawan gabaɗaya yakan fara ne daga wayewar gari, yana farawa daga mafakar La Lengüeta, wanda sau ɗaya ne ya zama harshen kankara, har zuwa saman ɓangaren Espolón, babban dutsen da yake kwance dama na hanyar. A nan ne kankara ke farawa kuma dole ne muyi la'akari da duk ƙa'idodin tsaro na hawan dutse domin hawan mu ya zama mai sauƙi. Akwai ramuka uku a hanya, saboda haka dole ne mu hau kan tsaurara kuma a cikin haɗin gwanon jagora.
Peña de Bernal: Mafi girma a cikin Amurka
Bernal ba zai iya kasa a yaba ba. Kimanin kilomita da yawa kafin isa garin, babban dutsen da ke hawa sama da kyakkyawar shimfidar wuri ana tunani. Wannan monolith ana ɗaukarsa na uku mafi mahimmanci a duniya, yana cikin jihar Querétaro kuma yana da tsayin mita 2,430 sama da matakin teku. An ce Basques lokacin da suka ga wannan tsarin ilimin ƙasa ya kira shi Bernal, wanda ke nufin Rock ko Rock. Wadannan duwatsun manyan duwatsun sune maɓuɓɓugai na tsaunuka masu ƙarfi waɗanda magmarsu ta ƙarfafa a cikin dutsen mai fitad da wuta kuma mazuginsa ya lalace tun shekaru miliyan 180 da suka gabata.
Akwai wasu Bernales a Veracruz, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí da Tamaulipas. Ba shi yiwuwa a rasa saboda babban dutsen Peña Bernal ya hau kan sararin samaniya kuma ya shiryar da mu zuwa garin. Anan zamu sami adadi mai yawa na nau'uka daban-daban, da kuma hanyoyi marasa adadi don masu farawa da ƙwararrun masanan.
Wannan monolith ɗin da aka ɗauka mafi girma a Amurka yana ba da izinin gangarowa tare da dabarun faɗakarwa, kazalika da tafiya ta cikin garin Peña de Bernal da aka kafa a kan gangaren, tunda tsarin mulkin mallaka kamar Katolika yana da ban sha'awa, gini mai sauƙi na lardin da dumamar mazaunanta. Hakanan ana amfani da ita ta ƙera katifu da barguna na tsantsar ulu.
