Wannan taƙaitaccen bayanin shine don a sanar da cewa bagade na zinariya na mulkin mallaka waɗanda aka gina a ƙarni na goma sha shida, sha bakwai da goma sha takwas, an yi su ne da itace da aka sassaka wanda ya samar da ɓangaren gaban ado a gaban mai kallo da kuma cikakken tsarin goyan bayan katako wanda Forms da goyon baya daga na sama part.
A lokaci guda, wannan bayanin an yi niyya don zama mai ban sha'awa don wadanda zasu iya hada hannu a cikin kiyayewar ta, tunda galibin bagadan ana lalata su ne da kwarin katako, zuwa iyakacin ganowa a wasu yankuna lamina kawai na zinare, domin kwari sun riga sun ci itacen.
Wannan taƙaitaccen bayanin shine don a sanar da cewa bagade na zinariya na mulkin mallaka waɗanda aka gina a ƙarni na goma sha shida, sha bakwai da goma sha takwas, an yi su ne da itace da aka sassaka wanda ya samar da ɓangaren gaban ado a gaban mai kallo da kuma cikakken tsarin goyan bayan katako wanda Forms da goyon baya daga na sama part. A lokaci guda, an tsara wannan labarin don sha'awar waɗanda za su iya, haɗa kai a cikin kiyayewarta, tunda yawancin baƙauran bagade suna lalacewa ta asu ta itace, zuwa matsanancin matakin ganowa a wasu yankuna kawai lamina na zinare, domin kwari sun riga sun ci itacen.
Yawancin coci-cocin da aka gina a shekarun 1540 zuwa 1790 suna ciki, waɗanda aka kawata su da kayan bagade na katako na Mexico waɗanda zasu iya zama babban bagadi, wanda yake a bayan shugaban majalisar dattawa, abubuwan bagade na jingina waɗanda ke haɗe da bangon transept na Babban ɗakuna da na gefe waɗanda aka haɗe a bangon ɓangarorin babban nave. A cikinsu za a iya jindaɗin salo guda huɗu masu zuwa: Plateresque, Baroque Estípite ko Churrigueresco, Baroque Salomónico da Ultra Barroco ko Anástilo (Shroeder et al 1968).
Menene bagade?
Abubuwan bagade sune tallafi don jerin jigogi na addini kuma an tsara su cikin tsari sassa biyu; wani gaba ko gaba ya kasu kashi biyu, daya a gefen hagu da ake kira Injila wani kuma a bangaren dama, na wasikar, kowane daya an hada shi da bangarorin masu zuwa: jiki, tituna, magabata, ginshiki (predella), tushe, ginshiƙai, kayan kwalliya, zane-zane, zanen panel, zane-zanen mai, kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya, mahimmai, firam da ginshiƙai (Herrerías, 1979). Bangaren gaba shine wanda aka fallasa shi ga masu aminci, wanda aka gan shi sosai kuma ya yi la'akari da shi kuma ya yaba da baƙi waɗanda ke da masaniya da Fasaha ta Mulkin Mallaka. Bangaren baya shine tallafi don abubuwanda ke gaba kuma gaba daya an hada shi da posts, andirons, katako, marasa aiki, katako, allon da katako wadanda aka taru a tsaye da kuma a kwance tare da taimakon abubuwan hada karfe. wasu lokuta an ɗaure su da henequen igiya. An ƙarfafa alluna da allon da aka haɗa a gefen gefunansu ko kuma tare da zane-zanen lilin waɗanda aka manna su kuma a rufe su da zaren da ba dama, su ma an lika su.
Bayan sun aiwatar da National Project for the Fumigation of Museums, Archives da Libraries na INAH, a tsakanin 1984-1994 kuma bayan sun aiwatar da fumgiyoyin wasu bagade da alƙallan birane da garuruwa daban daban suka buƙata zuwa ga Restoration Directorate na wannan ma'aikata, kuma Har ila yau, ta hanyar nazarin ilimin kimiyyar halittu na katako 40 wanda Maido da Polychrome Sculpture Workshop na National Coordination of Restoration of Cultural Heritage don gano su, marubucin ya gano cewa gabaɗaya goyan bayan an gina ta ne da itacen coniferous (Pinus, Cupressus, Abies, Juniperus), ban da waɗanda suka fito daga Tsibirin Yucatan, wanda kuma aka yi amfani da itace daga Dicotyledonous Angiosperms (jan itacen al'ul: Cedrela odorata L.).
Mafi yawan kwari
Bayan manyan bagadan an keɓe su gaba ɗaya daga bangon, yayin da jingina da bangarorin ke haɗe da shi, suna haifar da wannan yanayin cewa a mafi yawan lokuta ba a ba su mafi ƙarancin kulawa kuma ana samunsu a rufe da ƙurar ƙura. na tsawon shekaru da kuma cutar da kwari xylophagous, kamar su kwari (asu na itace) da kuma anobids da aka sani da tsutsar katako.
An rarraba wadannan kwari masu cin itace kusan a duk fadin kasar ta Meziko, amma tare da yawaita da yalwa a cikin garin Mexico da cikin jihohin Chiapas, Campeche, Durango, Coahuila, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Jalisco, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Querétaro da Zacatecas. Termites suna zaune akan rufin katako na rufin rufin rufin (rufin da aka kawata shi da rufin ruɓaɓɓen rufi), rufin gida, benaye na katako, firam, ƙofofi da tagogi, a bangon katako da tushe, na gine-ginen tarihi da na zamani don amfanin jama'a da masu zaman kansu .
Babban balaguron da ke yawo wanda kawai ke busar da itacen da ake amfani da shi, dangin Kalotermitidae ne da ke fitowa daga gare ta a cikin daren dumi na watannin Mayu da Yuni. Tumbin ko katako na itacen da ke ci gaba da hulɗa da danshi na dangin Rhinotermitidae ne, suna fitowa daga gidajensu na karkashin kasa a lokutan rana da zafi na watannin Satumba da Oktoba, bayan ruwan sama mai ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Lokutan busassun bushewa suna da halaye na dare kuma suna da sha'awar samfuran haske. A cikin Kasar Mexico galibi ana kiransu da suna San Juan ko kuma asu San Juan, saboda a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin kowace shekara ana iya ganinsu suna yawo cikin ɗumbin dare. Terms na rana ne da na dare kuma suna haifar da manyan ɗimbin yawa. A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara abu ne gama gari a lura da alamomi masu zuwa na kamuwa da itace:
- Warunƙarar busassun iccen itacen da ke yawo kusa da tushen haske da daddare.
- Warunƙarar tururuwa, ana gabatarwa a rana cikin awanni na hasken rana, a cikin filin buɗewa.
- A saman rufin gine-ginen abu ne sananne a ji ƙwarin da asu ke fitarwa da daddare lokacin da yake cizawa kuma yana tauna itace da muƙamuƙansa masu ƙarfi.
- Da safe za ku iya; Ka lura, a ƙasa ko a saman kayan ɗaki, ƙananan tsibi-tsinken ƙananan ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke da tsaka-tsalle masu tsaka-tsalle guda shida da kuma zagaye launuka na katako.
- A saman bishiyar da aka kaiwa hari, adadi mai yawa na ramuka madauwari kusan 2 mm a diamita sun bayyana wanda ke haifar da manyan ramuka waɗanda suke tafiya daidai da zaren ko hatsin itacen, wato, tare da zaren.
- A cikin gine-ginen, a bangon da kuma wuraren da ke yin sulhu tsakanin ginshiƙan ƙofofi da tagogi, tsakanin rufin da gefunan katakon, da kuma a bayan bagaden, akwai ƙananan bututu waɗanda aka gina ayaba da cakuda yumɓu, itacen da aka niƙa da kuma fitar bakin kwari.
Woodworms galibi ana kiranta da "mayaƙan mayaƙai", "mayatsan ƙura" da "mayaƙan harbi mayates". Wadannan kwari xylophagous sune kananun Coleoptera wadanda suka hada da iyalai guda uku wadanda suka shafi kayan katako, amma wanda muke samu akai-akai kuma yalwatacce a cikin kayan bagadin sune anobids, wadanda suke da irin rarrabuwa kamar na zamani, amma kuma ana samunsu da hadari zuwa kayan daki gaba ɗaya, sassaka, Christs, crosses, allon fuska, kayan masarufi, aikin hannu, ɓangaren litattafan katako daga tsofaffin littattafan mawaƙa, kayan kiɗa na katako da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. A matsayin misali na sanannen lalacewar da xylophages ya haifar, akwai bagade na tsohuwar tsohuwar majami'ar jihar Oaxaca, Puebla (cocin Santo Entierro, a Cholula), rufin rufin rufin rufin tarihin abubuwan tarihi na garin Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, kuma na rufin katako na gidaje da yawa a jihohin Chiapas, Guerrero da Michoacán.
Tsoron katako na balaga, sabanin na zamani, masu ƙarfi ne da sauri. A lokacin bazara da watannin bazara suna fitowa daga katako don yin jirgin sama na nuptial da abokiyar zama. A wannan lokacin sanannen abu ne don gano shaidun masu zuwa na katako a cikin itace:
- A lokacin dare mai zafi, kwari sukan tashi kusa da wuraren haske.
- Da safe za ku iya ganin ƙananan tarin ƙura mai kyau, launi na itacen da aka kai wa hari, a ƙasa ko saman kayan daki.
- A saman bishiyar da aka kaiwa hari, ana lura da ramuka madauwama masu yawa da diamita daga 1.6 zuwa 3 mm, daga inda ake fitar da kananan hatsi masu kama da kyalli.
- Raminan suna sadarwa tare da ƙananan ramuka da yawa waɗanda, ba kamar ƙarancin ƙasa ba, ana rarraba su a kowane bangare a cikin itacen.
Tabbas, don kiyaye abubuwan bagade na Meziko, yana da mahimmanci a karanci ilimin halittar wadannan kwari, har zuwa yanzu masana ilimin kwakwalwa ba suyi magana ba, kuma su hanzarta aiwatar da ayyukansu ta hanyar aiwatar da nau'ikan mafita guda biyu: daya na gajere kuma mai magani kawai. da sauran rigakafin da dogon lokaci. Na farko ya kunshi maganin bagade ta hanyar kawar da annobar kwari xylophagous, ta hanyar hanyoyin zahiri (gyaruwar masu canjin yanayi) da kuma sinadarai (amfani da fumigants da takamaiman magungunan kwari). Maganin rigakafin ya dogara ne da aikace-aikacen abubuwan adana don kare katako daga kamuwa da cutuka, saboda koyaushe zamu sami kwari a cikin yanayin.
