Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Macedonio Alcalá gidan caca-gidan caca a Oaxaca babban misali ne na tsarin gine-ginen da aka yi a Mexico a lokacin gwamnatin Janar Porfirio Díaz, wanda ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru 30 (daga 1876 zuwa 1911, tare da katsewar Manuel González [1880-1884] a wa'adin shugaban kasa.
Bunkasar tattalin arzikin kasar a waccan lokacin ya haifar da wani gagarumin aikin gini wanda ya shafi tasirin gine-ginen zamani a Turai (musamman a Faransa), ta amfani da hanyoyin zamani da kayan zamani na wancan lokacin: karafa da kankare, wanda ake amfani da shi daga daga rabi na biyu na karni na 19.
Yanayin da ya haɗa da amfani da abubuwa na tsarin gine-gine daban-daban ana kiran shi eclecticism. A Oaxaca, mahaifar Janar Díaz, an gina wasu mahimman gine-gine tare da waɗannan halaye, kamar su babban ginin da gidan wasan kwaikwayon Alcalá da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oaxaca suka kafa. Façade wanda aka sassaka da sassaƙa, tare da abubuwan neoclassical da kuma dome na masarauta na farantin karfe waɗanda suka ƙare daga babban kusurwar, ɗakin Louis XV, gidan caca da babban matakin salon Masarauta, sun kasance haɗakar haɗuwa wacce ta bazu a yanki na 1,795 m2.
Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi, an rarraba ginin zuwa manyan sassa huɗu: zaure, zaure, dandali da gidan caca, tare da ɗakunan bikinta, karatu, wasan biliyad, wasannin kati, kayan kwalliya, dara da mashaya. Hakanan yana da wuraren kasuwanci da yawa na waje, wanda a yanzu yake da laburaren Labarai na Jiha da Gidan Hoto na Miguel Cabrera.
Yankin da aka tsara daidai kuma mai kyau yana da farin marmara mai farin ciki da kuma misalin nasarar fasaha a kan rufi, wanda Albino Mendoza ya sanya hannu. Wannan mai zanen da Valenan uwan Valencian Tarazona da Trinidad Galván, manyan masu fasaha a lokacinsu, sun yi wa ginin ado.
Dakin yana da kujeru iri biyar kuma yana da damar masu kallo 800. Yankin matakin shine 150 m2.
Labulen bakin yana gabatar da zanen shimfiɗar tatsuniya ta Girkanci tare da Parthenon da Mount Parnassus; Daga cikin gajimare zaka iya ganin keken dokin ApoIo wanda dawakai masu ruhi huɗu suka ja kuma suka jagoranci Gloria, kuma a kusa da shi, muses tara, kowannensu da sifar kasuwancinsu.
A saman rufin ɗakin akwai hotunan Moliere, Calderón de Ia Barca, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Víctor Hugo, Shakespeare, Verdi, Racine, Beethoven da Wagner, manyan haruffan fasaha. Babban zanen rufi da fitilar ba asali bane. A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1904, Gwamna Emilio Pimentel ya sanya dutse na farko a gefen dama na babbar ƙofar shiga. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon, wanda gininsa ke kula da injiniyan soja Rodolfo Franco, an buɗe shi da fara'a a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 1909. Asalin sunan shi Teatro Casino Luis Mier y Terán, don girmamawa ga wani janar Porfirian wanda ya mulki Oaxaca, wanda hotonsa ya bayyana a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na baka na mataki. A lokacin Juyin Juya Hali, an canza shi zuwa Jesús Carranza, sunan da ya ci gaba har zuwa 1933 lokacin da aka amince a kira shi Macedonio Alcalá don tunawa da marubucin gargajiyar nan "Allah Kada Ya Mutu", ingantaccen waƙar Oaxaca. Halin da ke sanya Alcalá na musamman shine adon cikin gida wanda ya haɗa da sifofin ɗabi'a, kayan kida, mala'iku, pistons, gungura, da dai sauransu, an rarraba su ko'ina cikin ɗakunan, waɗanda aka ƙera su da itace, filastar da papier-mâché.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, ba duk wannan ƙawancen ban sha'awa yake cikin yanayi mai kyau ba, saboda a tsawon rayuwar sa shekara tamanin ginin mai ɗaukaka ya kasance matsayin saitin manyan ayyuka na gargajiya, wasan kwaikwayo da zarzuelas, da kuma vaudeville, gwajin gwaji a cikin Juyin Juya Hali, bikin banal, kammala karatun makaranta, al'amuran siyasa, wasannin dambe, kokawa, kuma an yi amfani da ita azaman marwal da silima. Wadannan nau'ikan amfani daban-daban sun haifar da mummunar illa ga sassa daban-daban na kadarorin, da kuma rashin kulawa, ɗanshi da aikin lalata kwari, tsuntsaye, beraye da mutane marasa ɗaukar nauyi, har ya zama masu wasan kwaikwayo da jama'a sun kasance cikin haɗari.
Babban mahimmin dandalin da kuma yadda aka kera rufin, alal misali, sun gabatar da gagarumin canjin nauyi wanda zai iya haifar da rushewa da rugujewa a wannan yankin, wanda aka rufe gidan wasan kwaikwayo a 1990.
Wani ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi amfani da shi azaman fim ɗin fim ya lalata zanen tsakiyar rufin a cikin babban zauren a cikin 1937. Kayan gidan gidan caca ma sun ɓace, inda ban da ƙofofi, windows da matakala suna nuna ci gaba na lalacewa.
Abin farin ciki, kodayake yawancin kayan adon sun ɓace, a ɗakuna da yawa akwai wadatattun kayan aiki don sake sake tsarin kayan adon, godiya ga gaskiyar cewa suna yin biyayya ga tsarin maimaitawa wanda ke ba da damar haifuwarsu. Ganin mahimmancin daraja da cancantar kere-kere ta babban shinge, ayyukan ceto da kiyayewa dole ne su yi taka tsantsan don kada su shafi acoustics da sauran halaye.
Wanda Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido ta hada kai, a cikin 1993 aka fara aiwatar da ayyuka don adanawa da adana dukkan ginin cikin yanayi mai kyau, aikin da kwararru na matakin koli ke shiga. Ka'idodin fasaha, ƙawa da na tarihi don fahimtar waɗannan ayyukan ana sarrafa su ta hanyar kiyaye halayen halayen kayan asali.
Daraktan ayyukan, mai tsara gine-ginen Martín Ruiz Camino, ya tabbatar da cewa an girmama kayan ado na asali kuma an adana su gwargwadon iko, kawai yana canza gutsuren da ya kawo lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba ko kuma wanda ya zama babban haɗari.
A wasu sassa, saboda dalilai na aminci, ya zama dole a maye gurbin papier-mâché da fiberglass da polyester, ɗauke da sifofin daga sassan asali.
Wani fasali mai matukar ban sha'awa shi ne maido da dome wanda ya kare babban kusurwar facades kuma ya ba wa dukiyar kyakkyawar halayyar filastik da martabar gine-gine.Wannan dome an tsara shi da faranti na takarda mai ɗaure a cikin sikeli, wanda aka haɗa tare da yankewar kayan abu ɗaya da ƙarin rivets masu goyan baya akan firam ɗin ƙarfe tare da ƙarfe masu ƙarfe. Hakanan an maido da facades, waɗanda suke da kyawawan sassaƙaƙƙu, ƙarfafawa da maye gurbin gutsutsuren duwatsun da ayyukan abubuwan muhalli suka raunana.
An sake gyara saman rufin rufin ginin kwata-kwata, harma da shigar da wutar lantarki na dakin da kuma tsarin samar da ruwa da na tsafta. Hakanan, an gyara bene da fenti, cyclorama, labule, labule da injiniyoyin dandalin; sabon carpet aka saka sannan aka saka labule a falo. A ƙarshe, don hana ƙarin lalacewa, babban ɓangaren sharar ya watse, ya bar gidan iska da tsabta. Bayan shafe shekaru da yawa yana mai da hankali da aiwatar da ayyukan da aka ambata, gidan wasan kwaikwayon Alcalá ya sake buɗe ƙofofinsa ga jama'a kuma. Ayyukan fifiko da ake buƙata don gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi aiki cikin aminci an kammala shi, amma da yawa da za a yi.
Yankin asalin gidan caca (wanda ƙungiyar ta mamaye shekaru da yawa) a halin yanzu ya zama kango, yana jiran maido da gaggawa. Da zarar an sami ceto, ana iya amfani da wannan sararin don gidan kayan tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Oaxaca ko cibiyar koyarwa tare da ɗakunan kiɗa, bidiyo, taro, kantin sayar da littattafai, laburare da gidan abinci. Cikakken dawo da gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Macedonio Alcalá gidan caca yana wakiltar aiki mai girma ga al'umma. Tare da haɗin kan dukkan bangarorin zamantakewar jama'a zai yiwu a gudanar da aiki don dawo da wuraren al'adunsu don ci gaban fasaha da nishaɗin lafiyayyun iyalai da baƙi na Oaxacan. An ƙasa da ke da niyyar kiyaye wannan kadara mai mahimmanci sun riga sun ɗauki matakan farko: sun kafa patronage don tallafawa aikin, kamfanoni da yawa sun haɗa kai da albarkatu, mashahuran masu fasaha sun ba da gudummawa ga ayyukansu kuma Gwamnatin Jiha ta ba da albarkatu da albarkatu. mutane.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Macedonio Alcalá-Casino na Oaxaca aiki ne mai ban mamaki wanda aka nuna ma'amalar jituwa ta zane-zane, shayari, kiɗa, raye-raye, zane-zane da sassaka, an tattara su a cikin tsarin gine-ginen wakilin Porfirismo a cikin garin da aka haifi Janar Díaz. , babban jarumin tarihin Mexico a lokacinsa.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 5 na Fabrairu-Maris 1995
