A tsakiyar Saliyo de Catorce, da Garin Sihiri de Real de Catorce koyaushe tana jiran baƙi don su gaya musu game da almara ta haƙar ma'adinai da ta nuna musu kyawawan wurare. Mun gabatar muku da cikakken jagora zuwa garin jin dadi na Potosí.
1. Ina Real de Catorce take?
Real de Catorce gari ne na Potosí wanda yake a tsakiyar yankin Sierra de Catorce a sama da mita 2,700 sama da matakin teku. Shine shugaban karamar hukumar Catorce, wanda ke arewacin jihar San Luis Potosí. Real de Catorce gari ne da ake hakar ma'adanai tsakanin shekaru 1770 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 kuma gine-gine daban-daban da aka gina a lokacin matakan wadata sune manyan abubuwan jan hankalin yawon shakatawa. A cikin 2001, Real de Catorce an saka ta cikin tsarin Magical Towns na Mexico dangane da al'adun gine-ginenta, abubuwan da suka gabata na hakar ma'adinai, al'adunsu na asali don kasancewa ɗayan manyan kujerun wayewar Huichol, da tatsuniyoyi da al'adunsu.
2. Ta yaya garin ya tashi?
Ba a san takamaiman lokacin da aka gano jijiya ta farko, amma a cikin 1772 garin ya riga ya wanzu. An samo manyan jijiyoyin farko a 1778 kuma a 1779 Guatemalan ta asalin asalin Sifen Silvestre López Portillo ta kafa garin da sunan Real de Minas de Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Purísima Concepción de Guadalupe de los Álamos de Catorce. Za'a fahimci dalilin da yasa aka taqaita shi jim kaɗan zuwa Real de Catorce. A farkon karni na 19, ma'adanai na Real de Catorce sun kasance na biyu a cikin samarwa a duk duniya. Dukiyar azurfa ta ƙare a ƙarshen 1910.
3. Wane yanayi yake jira na a Real de Catorce?
Garin Real de Catorce yana da yanayi mai tsayi mai tsayi, wanda aka kiyaye shi da tsawansa tsawan mita 2,728 sama da matakin teku. Watanni masu sanyi sune na lokacin hunturu a arewacin duniya, tare da matsakaita zafin jiki yana ƙasa da 11 ° C a watan Disamba da Janairu. Koyaya, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio zai iya sauka kasa da 5 ° C a lokacin sanyi, saboda haka dole ne ku kiyaye. A lokacin mafi zafi, daga Yuni zuwa Agusta, matakin mercury matsakaita ya kai 22 ° C.
4. Menene manyan nisan can?
Birni mafi kusa a Potosí zuwa Real de Catorce shine Matehuala, wanda yake nisan kilomita 61. daga Pueblo Mágico, kodayake tafiya tana ɗaukar sama da awa ɗaya don dawowar da dole ne a bayar ta hanyar Cedral da San Juan de Vanegas. Don tafiya daga San Luis Potosí, babban birnin jihar, zuwa Real de Catorce, dole ne ku yi tafiya kilomita 256. zuwa arewa zuwa Matehuala. Saltillo yana a kilomita 287., Zacatecas a 310 kilomita. da kuma Mexico City a kilomita 673. tafiya zuwa San Luis Potosí.
5. Menene manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Real de Catorce?
Ci gaban hakar ma'adinai da Real de Catorce ya rayu tsawon ƙarni 3 ya bar muhimman gine-gine da kango, kamar su Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción, Cocin na Budurwar Guadalupe, da Casa de la Moneda, da Ghost Town, da Palenque de Gallos, da Plaza de Toros, Ramin Ogarrio, Hacienda Laguna Seca da wasu gadoji, musamman Zaragoza. Presencearfin kasancewar al'adun Huichol a cikin garin sihiri za a iya yaba da shi a cikin ajiyar Wirikuta, Cerro El Quemado da kuma fasahar wannan ƙabilar. Setungiyoyin abubuwan jan hankali na Real de Catorce suna haɗe da almara na gari da kyawawan kayan abinci.
6. Menene ya tsaya a cikin Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción?
La Purísima Concepción ita ce waliyyan masu hakar ma'adinan Sifen da masu hakar ma'adinai na Meziko da na zinare waɗanda suka yi amfani da azurfa masu yawa na garin kuma suka mai da ita mataimakiyar su mai tsarki. Façade na haikalin na karni na 18 shine neoclassical, tare da Doric brushstrokes, kuma a cikin bagadin salon neogothic ya fita waje, wanda aka girka a farkon karni na 20. A bangon akwai bagade da yawa, mafi yawansu masu aminci suna miƙa su don nuna godiya ga ni'imar da aka samu. Sauran bangarori masu mahimmanci na cocin sune ɓangaren bututun daga 1834, wanda ke da sarewa 1,200 da hoton San Francisco de Asís.
7. Menene tarihin surar Saint Francis na Assisi?
Hoton San Francisco de Asís wanda ake girmamawa a cikin Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción shi ne na farko a Cocin Guadalupe, wanda yake a farfajiyar Real de Catorce. Yaran masu shekaru goma sha huɗu suna kiransa El Charrito da Panchito da ƙungiyoyinsa, waɗanda ake bikin tsakanin 25 ga Satumba da 12 ga Oktoba, dubun dubatan mahajjata da masu yawon buɗe ido ne ke halarta, a cikin ibada da ta girma cikin lokaci. . A cewar al'adar, hoton ya iso gari ne a bayan jaki, ba a san asalinsa ba.
8. Yaya Cocin Virgin of Guadalupe yake?
Wannan cocin yana da banbanci na ban mamaki wanda yake a cikin Real de Catorce pantheon. An gina shi ne don a binne duk mashahurin mutumin da ya mutu a cikin garin a cikin haikalin da makabarta, kuma a ciki akwai kaburburan 70 na attajirai, firistoci da sauran manyan yara masu shekaru goma sha huɗu. Haikalin Virgin of Guadalupe shine farkon mafaka na hoton San Francisco de Asís, wanda yake yanzu a cikin Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción. A gefe ɗaya na cocin akwai tsohuwar ɗakin sujada wanda aka yi amfani da shi don kallon gawarwakin kafin jana'izar.
9. Ina Garin Fatalwa?
Yankin Real de Catorce wanda ya karɓi sunan Pueblo Fantasma sune kango na ramin hakar ma'adinan Compromiso da ƙauyukan da aka ci gajiyar ma'adinan a cikin ma'adinan Concepción. Sigogi biyu sunyi sabani game da asalin sunan Garin Fatalwa. Indicatesaya yana nuna cewa ya tashi ne saboda yanayin fatalwar da yankin ke samu a wasu lokuta na shekara, lokacin da matsi ya banbanta tsakanin ƙofar shaft da waje yana haifar da ginshiƙan ɗumi mai rufe yanayin. Sauran sigar sunan Ghost Town shine yanayin lalacewa da watsi.
10. Yaushe aka gina Mint?
An kammala wannan gidan a cikin 1863 kuma a cikin wannan shekarar ne aka fara ƙera tsabar azurfa, kamar yadda wasu ɓangarorin da aka adana suka nuna. A 1866, daular Faransa da ta mamaye Mexico ta ba da umarnin rufe gidan. Hall din garin ya shirya wasiƙa yana neman Maximiliano ya soke umarnin, yana neman Janar Tomás Mejía ya zama mai kawo ta gaban sarki. Koyaya, ba a amsa wasiƙar ba, wataƙila domin a cikin Yuni 1867, an harbi Mejía da Maximiliano a Santiago de Querétaro. Akwai tsabar kudi na Real de Catorce kafin 1863, amma anyi su ne a cikin bita na cikin gida. Yanzu Casa de la Moneda Cibiya ce ta Al'adu.
11. Shin akwai wasu tsabar kudi masu tsada ga masu tarawa?
Kudin 8 na reales daga 1811 shine mafi ƙarancin mahimmanci kuma mafi mahimmanci daga waɗanda aka yi a cikin gari kuma ɗayan waɗanda masu sha'awar lambobin lissafi suka yaba da mutanen Mexico da na ƙasashen waje. Ofarfin azurfa ne tare da santsi mai santsi tare da ingantaccen tsarin koyaushe na milimita 38 Idan aka ba da ƙarancinsa, ana iya farashin samfurin $ 50,000 kuma saboda haka ya zama mai ƙarya. An yi shi ne a lokacin rikice-rikicen shekarun Ferdinand VII na Spain ta hanyar magoya bayan wanda ake kira Sarki Felón.
12. Menene sha'awar Palenque de Gallos?
Cockfights sun zama mashahuri mai nishaɗi da caca a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da yawa, kuma, tare da yin faɗa, sun kasance nishaɗin da aka fi so na masu hakar gwal na shekaru goma sha huɗu tsakanin ƙarni na 18 da 20. Real de Catorce tana da ɗayan manyan tashoshi a cikin Meziko kuma filin fagen gine-ginen Roman yanzu yana baje kolin al'adu, bayan gyarawa a cikin 1977 wanda ya dawo da martabarta ta dā.
13. Yaushe aka bude Plaza de Toros?
Filin fadan fada na Real de Catorce an buɗe shi a shekara ta 1791 kuma bisa ga al'ada, kyauta ce ga mutane don hawan kursiyin Spain na Sarki Carlos IV El Cazador. Abun takaici, yawancin ginin sun ɓace a yayin ɓarkewar kutse ta hanyar mayaƙa yayin ƙarni na 19. Abu ne na maidowa a 1863 don dawo da bajintar biki zuwa Real de Catorce, amma shekaru 5 bayan haka lokacin hana yakin shanu ya fara. Manyan ‘yan fadan biji sun wuce filin wasan: Ponciano Díaz, wanda ake wa lakabi da El Torero Charro da kuma« Ojitos », malamin Rodolfo Gaona.
14. Me yasa aka gina Ramin Ogarrio?
Wannan rami mai tsayin mita 2,300 wanda yanzu yake jan hankalin masu yawon shakatawa ya kasance ɗayan manyan ayyukan injiniya a Meziko a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20. Counididdigar La Maza ne suka gina shi, wadatattun 'yan kasuwar Sifen masu hakar ma'adinai, waɗanda suka sa mata suna Ogarrio, garin su na Cantabria. Ramin, wanda a yau ya zama hanyar shiga ga jama'a, an gina shi ne don shigarwa da fitowar kayan aiki da ma'aikata a cikin aikin hakar ma'adinan kuma har yanzu ana iya jin daɗin raƙuman da aka kiyaye ba tare da an sauya su ba sama da shekaru 100.
15. Menene a Hacienda Laguna Seca?
Ba daf da Real de Catorce wannan tsohuwar hacienda take ba, inda zai yiwu mu yaba da yanayin da aka yi mezcal ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata. Tsarin masana'antu na tsohon abin sha an sabunta shi, amma ginin yana riƙe da tsarin sa na asali, tare da halayen ɗabi'un fasalin sa, kamar manyan lamuran da ke sama da tarin ferment, mashi da har yanzu. Hakanan, yana yiwuwa a yaba murhun murhun don dafa maguey da tsoffin hayaƙin tubalin. Jigon maguey yanzu ya isa masana'antar a cikin motocin motsa jiki, amma har yanzu kuna iya numfasa yanayin da aka yi jigilar ta da alfadarai.
16. Menene sha'awar Gadar Zaragoza?
Wannan babbar gada mai kyau, wacce take da dama a Real de Catorce, tana kan hanyar zuwa makabarta da kuma tsohuwar daula, kuma ita ce mafi tsufa a cikin Pueblo Mágico. Tsarin bangon ta yana da sifa iri-uku kuma a tsakiyarta yana da babban benci da ƙare mai ban sha'awa. Gadar tana kan rafin da ya ɓace tsakanin tsaunukan tsaunuka, yana ba da kyawawan ra'ayoyi.
17. Shin akwai hanyoyi masu yawon bude ido tare da masu aiki?
A cikin garin akwai ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa da ake kira Caballerangos de Real de Catorce, wanda ke jagorantar masu yawon buɗe ido ta hanyoyi uku masu ban sha'awa na Sierra de Catorce, na Cerro Grande, na Pueblo Fantasma da na Quemado. Hanyar Cerro Grande tana tsayawa a ma'adinan San Agustín da Milagros, a kogon Zapato da Los Riscos da kuma a Ghost Town. Hanya ta musamman zuwa Garin Fatalwa ta haɗa da tasha a wurin ma'adanar Purísima Concepción. Ruta del Quemado yana da ƙarshen mak destinationmarsa Cerro del Quemado. Idan kanaso kayi tsohon yayi, kayi hayarsu akan dawakai.
18. Menene mahimmancin Cerro El Quemado?
Wixárikas ko Huichols sun kirkiro wata ƙabilar Indiya daga Saliyo Madre, wanda ɗayan al'adun kakanninsu shine amfani da peyote, wani sanannen ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarshe zuwa Mexico. Babban cibiyar tsarkakakke don tattara peyote ita ce Cerro El Quemado a cikin Real de Catorce, "Wurin da rana take fitowa" ga 'yan asalin ƙasar. A cikin wannan tsaunukan hamada wanda yake kama da ƙone ƙasa, aikin hajji na al'ummomin Huichol daban-daban ya ƙare, waɗanda ke zuwa can don sadarwa tare da allolinsu da kakanninsu.
19. Yaya muhimmancin ajiyar Wirikuta?
Yanki ne mai tsarki na mutanen Huichol, tare da kusan kadada 140,000 na ajiyar wuri, wanda babban nau'in flora, mai tsarki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar, shine peyote, murtsattsun halittu wadanda suke cinyewa a bikinsu. Peyote yana cikin haɗarin bacewa kuma babban mazaunin sa a Mexico shine Wirikuta. Wani ɓangare mai kyau na flora da fauna na Wirikuta yana da yawan gaske, ma'ana, a can kawai yake rayuwa, saboda haka yana da nau'in haɗari wanda ɓacewarsa zai zama mummunan rauni ga al'adun Huichol. Golden Eagle, alamar Mexico, ɗayan ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsaye ne a Wirikuta.
20. Yaya fasahar Huichol take?
Maganganun zane-zane na Huichol suna da kyau, kamar hotuna ko teburin zaren, mafi kyawun halayensu da kuma sanannen kayan aikin hannu. Waɗannan su ne adadi tare da zane mai ban mamaki da launuka iri daban-daban, waɗanda aka yi su da stamens a kan teburorin da aka rufe da kakin zuma da guduro. Kodayake an yi zamani da yin allunan ta hanyar amfani da zaren kasuwanci da kuma launuka masu launuka iri-iri, har yanzu ana iya samun ingantattun yanki, galibi ana yin su ne don dalilan shagulgula.
21. Menene manyan almara na gari?
A cikin duniyar ma'adinan Mexico akwai labarin almara, wanda a Real de Catorce ake kira El Jergas. An bayyana shi a matsayin mutumin da ya gabatar da kansa a cikin kayan haƙar ma'adinai kuma ya rinjayi wani ma'aikaci ya bi shi zuwa wani wuri da ba za a iya shiga ba, inda aka watsar da ma'aikacin kuma daga baya abokan aikinsa suka same shi, saboda alamun da El Jergas ya bari a hanya. . Masu iya magana sun ce har yanzu yana yiwuwa a ga El Jergas da hular kwano da fitilarsa ta haƙar ma'adinai suna tafiya ta ramin Ogarrio don neman masu haƙar ma'adinai da ba su da hankali. Wani labari mai ban sha'awa na Real de Catorce shine na Los Dos Bradencieros.
22. Yaya labarin Braan fadan biyu?
Wannan tatsuniyar ta fada cewa Valentin da Valente, masu hakar ma'adinai biyu daga garin, sun rayu ne kawai a ranar Asabar don su bugu da giya. A wani lokacin da suka bugu da giya, suka fara saɓani kuma suka yanke shawara su sasanta batun a cikin fadan da ke waje da bugun jini. Da yake babu ɗayansu da ya iya naushi, sai suka zare wuƙaƙensu kuma yayin da suke saran juna, wani hali ya bayyana kuma ya buge su da igiya, ya sa su suma. Bayan sun farka daga buguwa, dukansu sun tuna cewa halin yana kama da Saint Francis na Assisi kuma lokacin da suka je haikalin, sai suka ga waliyyi tare da dabi'arsa ta tsage, ana zaton ta hanyar soka masa da aka yi.
23. Menene ya shahara a cikin gastronomy na Real de Catorce?
A cikin Real de Catorce zaku iya cin wasu mafi kyawun jita-jita na abincin Potosí. Daga cikin kayan marmarin da aka fi daraja shi ne abincin giya na bikin aure, naman alade da aka shirya tare da ancho chili; enchiladas potosinas da aka yi da ɗanyen wake da jan barkono; cabochons da nopales tare da tumatir, albasa da kayan ƙamshi. Abubuwan sha na yau da kullun sune ciyawa da ciwon ciki.
24. A ina zan iya zama?
Real de Catorce tana da wasu kyawawan otal-otal masu sauƙi, kamar El Real, Ruinas del Real, El Rincón del Pintor, Shantiniketan - Morada de Paz; da Hotel Real Bonanza. Yawancin baƙi zuwa garin sihiri sun fi son zama a cikin garin kusa da Matehuala, kilomita 61 nesa. daga Real de Catorce, inda Hotel María Esther, Hotel Casa Real Matehuala da Las Palmas Midway Inn suka yi fice. A cikin garin Cedral, kilomita 35. daga Real de Catorce, shine Hotel Desierto.
25. Menene mafi kyaun gidajen abinci?
Mesón de la Abundancia, wanda yake a Lanzagorta 11, ana yaba shi saboda abubuwan pizzas da fasas. Café Azul, a Lanzagorta 27, yana hidimtawa kyawawan ɗabi'u da waina. Realbucks, kuma a cikin Lanzagorta, yana ba da kyakkyawan kofi na Veracruz, tare da waina masu daɗi. Al Gusto gidan italiya ne wanda yake a Calle Lerdo de Tejada 3, yana ba da taliyan da aka yi da ɗanɗano da ingantaccen ɗan italiyan. Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka sune gidan abincin Hotel El Real, Tolentino's da Restaurante Monterrey.
Muna fatan cewa tafiyarku ta gaba zuwa kyakkyawa Real de Catorce za ta kasance cike da abubuwan da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba kuma wannan ingantaccen jagorar zai yi ɗan amfaninsa. Sai anjima.
