Tambayar na iya samun amsoshi da yawa, duk abin sha'awa ne ga mutanen da ke shirin zuwa ganin wannan ƙasa mai ban sha'awa.
Menene bambancin da megadiversity?
Don bayyana abin da muke nufi da mega-bambancin, abu mafi amfani shine a fara tantance menene bambancin. Kamus din Royal Academy Academy ya fassara kalmar "Bambanci" azaman "Bambanci, rashin daidaito, banbanci" kuma a matsayin "Yalwa, adadi mai yawa na abubuwa daban daban"
Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da ake magana game da bambancin ƙasa, ana iya yin nuni zuwa kowane fasali na ɗabi'arta, albarkatun ɗan adam, ko al'adun ta. Kuma "bambancin Mega" a bayyane yake zai zama bambance-bambance a wani babban matsayi ko girma.
Koyaya, ana amfani da ma'anar bambancin don amfani da rayayyun halittu, ko "rabe-raben halittu" kuma ba tare da wata shakka ba a wannan fannin Mexico tana ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin farko a duniya.
Mexico tana cikin manyan kasashe 5 na duniya a cikin kasashen da suka fi yawan nau'o'in tsire-tsire, dabbobi masu shayarwa, masu rarrafe da kuma amphibians, suna matsayi na 11 a cikin tsuntsaye.
Amma yayin magana game da banbancin Mexico, sauran filayen da kasar take da banbanci kuma babba ba za a iya yin watsi da su ba, kamar sararin samaniya, inda akwai dogayen bakin teku a manyan tekuna biyu da ke duniya, tsibirai. , daji, tsaunuka, duwatsu masu aman wuta, tsaunukan dusar ƙanƙara, hamada, koguna, kwaruruka da filaye.
Sauran yankuna da Meziko ke da muhimmiyar ma'ana a cikinsu sune yanayin ƙasa, ƙabilu, harsuna, abubuwan da suka shafi al'adu, alamomin almara da gastronomy, don ambaton wasu da suka fi dacewa
Megabiodiversity na Meziko
Mexico tana matsayi na biyar a duniya a cikin tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini (waɗanda ke da tushe, tushe da ganye), tare da nau'ikan 23,424 da aka yi wa rajista, waɗanda suka wuce Brazil da Colombia da China da Indonesia.
Tare da nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 864, Mexico itace ta biyu a jerin kasashen duniya, ajin dabbobi wadanda suke da manyan dabbobin daji a Ostiraliya, tare da nau'ikan 880.
A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, "mafi girman" ajin halittu masu rai da mutane suka shiga, Mexico tana da nau'ikan 564, adadi wanda ke jagorantar kasar a lambar tagulla ta duniya, wani rukuni wanda zinare na Indonesia ne da azurfa ga Brazil .
A cikin amphibians, ƙasar da take shan giya ko ɗanɗano na Mexico, tana da nau'ikan 376, waɗanda suka cancanci matsayi na biyar a duniya. A cikin wannan aji, manyan mutane 4 a cikin jerin sune Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, da Peru.
Wannan megadin yana ƙaddara ta dalilai da yawa, har ma da prehistoric. Mexico ta ci gaba da kasancewa kyakkyawan ɓangare na fauna da fure na nahiyoyi biyu da aka raba, Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka.
Meziko na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 3 masu haɗari tare da gabar tekun Atlantika da Pacific; sauran biyun su ne Kolombiya da Amurka.
Wani yanki mai kyau na yankin Mexico yana cikin Yankin Tsakanin Tsakanin, wanda yanayinsa yafi dacewa da bambancin halittu.
Tabbas, girman ƙasar ma yana taka rawa, kuma Mexico, tare da kusan muraba'in kilomita miliyan biyu, tana matsayi na 14 a yanki.
Kyakkyawan yanayi na musamman, mai riba da kuma haɗari mai haɗari
A cikin halittu masu yawa na Meziko akwai wasu nau'ikan halittu masu ban mamaki wadanda ke bunkasa yanayin halittu na duniya kuma suka zama abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido da kuma lura da yanayi.
Ciki har da shuke-shuke da wadanda ba su da jijiyoyin jini (algae, mosses da sauransu), a Meziko akwai nau'ikan da aka bayyana guda 26,495, wadanda suka hada da kyawawan fern, shrub, bishiyoyi, shuke-shuken fure, dabino, ganye, ciyawa da sauransu.
Yawancin jama'ar Mexico suna bin wani ɓangare na yanayin yawon buɗe ido da tattalin arziƙin su don gano su da wasu tsire-tsire ko 'ya'yan itace da abubuwan da suka dace. The Valle de Guadalupe tare da kyawawan innabi, Zacatlán tare da apple, Calvillo tare da guava, Uruapan tare da avocado, wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar tare da namomin kaza da kuma garuruwa da yawa tare da kyawawan furannin furanninsu.
Hakanan, kallon fauna ya zama abin jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido a yankuna da yawa na Mexico. Misali, ganin malam buɗe ido a Michoacán, na kifin Whales a yankin Baja California da kuma lura da kifayen dolphin, kunkuru, zakunan teku da sauran nau'ikan a wurare da yawa.
Samun wadataccen arzikin ƙasa shima yana haifar da ɗawainiyar duniya. Arin da kuke da shi, da ƙari dole ne ku kula da adana shi.
Daga cikin tsuntsayen Meziko masu ban tsoro waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar ko kuwa suna cikin haɗarin bacewa akwai turkey mai laushi, zakara mai farauta, aku Tamaulipas, harbin gaggafa da damin Californian.
Jerin dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da dabbobi masu daraja kamar su Jaguar, da tigrillo, da zomo mai aman wuta, da biri mai gizo-gizo da kuma beran Chihuahua. Za a iya yin kwatankwacin irin wannan tare da amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi.
Kabilar megadiversity
Akwai kabilu 62 a Meziko kuma za su fi yawa idan cutuka masu saurin yaduwa da cin zarafi sakamakon mamayar Spain ba su kashe da yawa daga cikinsu ba.
Kabilun da suka sami nasarar tsira sun adana harsunan su, al'adunsu, al'adunsu, ƙungiyoyin jama'a, tatsuniya, kiɗa, fasaha, kere-kere, kayan ciki, sutura da al'adun gargajiya.
Wasu daga cikin matakan da suka gabata an kiyaye su kusan yadda suke da asalin kuma wasu sun haɗu kuma sun wadatu da al'adun Hispanic da sauran al'adun da suka biyo baya.
Daga cikin mahimman ƙabilu masu asali a Mexico yau sune Mayas, Purépechas, Rrámuris ko Tarahumara, Mixes, Huichols, Tzotziles and Coras.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙabilun sun kasance keɓe ko kuma keɓe-keɓe, suna haɓaka ayyukan dogaro galibi tattara; wasu sun kirkiro kabilu, sun gina kauyuka da garuruwa da matsugunai, kuma suka yi noma da noma; kuma wadanda suka ci gaba sun sami damar gina biranen dubun-dubatar mazauna, wanda hakan ya baiwa masu nasara mamaki matuka da zuwan su.
A cikin Mexico a halin yanzu akwai 'yan asalin ƙasar sama da miliyan 15 waɗanda suka mallaki kusan 20% na yankin ƙasar.
'Yan asalin kasar na ci gaba da gwagwarmaya don samun cikakkiyar sanarwa daga' yan uwansu 'yan asalin, bayan daruruwan zalunci da masu nasara da yaƙe-yaƙe da rashin jituwa da' yan ƙasarsu na Mexico suka yi.
Ofaya daga cikin matakan a madaidaiciyar hanya ita ce haɗawa da al'ummomin asali a ci gaba da amfani da yawon buɗe ido na wuraren da suka mamaye.
Mexico ita ce kasa ta biyu a duniya da ta hade kabilun da suka kafa ta a cikin kariya da kula da tsarin halittu na kasa.
Babban bambancin yare
Mahimmancin ilimin yaren Mexico ya samo asali ne daga ƙabilar mega-bambancin. A halin yanzu, ana magana da fiye da harsuna 60 ban da Mutanen Espanya a cikin Meziko, ba tare da yin la’akari da fiye da nau’ikan 360 na ainihin jawabin ba.
Mexico tana daga cikin Jihohi 10 da suka fi yawan yaruka a duniya, tare da sauran ƙasashe waɗanda ke da wadataccen ƙabilu, kamar su Brazil, Indiya, Indonesiya, Ostiraliya, Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen Afirka 4.
Kamar yadda aka gabatar a shekara ta 2003 na Janar na Dokar 'Yancin Harshe na Peoplesan Asalin, duka harsunan asali da na Sifaniyanci an ayyana su "yare na ƙasa", tare da inganci iri ɗaya a duk yankin na Meziko.
Abin ban mamaki, makasudin cin nasarar don Castilianize wa 'yan asalin ta hanyar ƙugiya ko ta hanyar damfara yana da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Yawancin mishaneri da masana Sifen sun tilasta wa kansu koyon yarukan asali don su fahimci kansu da Indiyawa. Kamus, nahawu, da sauran matani sun fito daga tsarin koyo wanda ya taimaka kiyaye maganganun Indiya.
Don haka, an yi amfani da yarukan asalin ƙasar Meziko irin su Nahuatl, Mayan, Mixtec, Otomí da Purépecha, a karon farko a cikin rubutun da aka buga tare da haruffan Latin.
A matakin ƙasa, harsuna biyu suna ba da izini ba izini a cikin Meziko: Spanish da Nahuatl. Mutane miliyan 1.73 ke magana da Nahuatl, Yucatec Mayan yana magana da sama da 850,000, Mixtec da Tzeltal da sama da 500,000, sannan Zapotec da Tzotzil da kusan 500,000.
Gadasaren yanki
Meziko tana da kilomita 9330 na gabar duniya a kan Tekun Atlantika da na Fasifik, gami da wannan rami wanda kusan kusan teku ne, Tekun Kalifoniya ko Tekun Cortez. A cikin fadada bakin tekun, Mexico ta wuce Amurka kawai ta Kanada.
Zuwa kilomita murabba'in mil 1.96 na nahiyoyi, Mexico tana da fiye da 7,000 na yankin tsibiri. Daga cikin hukumomin gwamnatin Mexico 32, 16 suna da tsibirin teku.
Jamhuriyar Meziko tana da tsibirai da tsibirai sama da 2,100, mafi girma ita ce Isla Tiburon, a Tekun Kalifoniya, da murabba'in kilomita 1,200. Mafi yawan jama'a kuma waɗanda suka karɓi yawancin yawon buɗe ido sune Cozumel da Isla Mujeres, a cikin Yankin Caribbean na Mexico.
An kiyasta cewa Mexico tana da fiye da murabba'in kilomita dubu 250 na gandun daji, wanda aka rage zuwa kawai sama da dubu 40 saboda gandun daji mara kyau, noma da hakar ma'adanai.
Ko da hakane, akwai sauran dazuzzuka da yawa a Mexico, kamar dajin Lacandon da ke kudancin jihar Chiapas, kusan hekta miliyan, wanda ke da kyakkyawan yanki na yawan halittu da albarkatun ruwa.
A cikin yanayin tsaye, Mexico ma tana da tsayi kuma tana da girma, tare da tsaunuka uku ko tsaunukan dusar ƙanƙara waɗanda suka wuce mita 5,000 sama da matakin teku, waɗanda Pico de Orizaba ke jagoranta, da kuma wasu 6 tare da kololuwarsu sama da mita 4,000 sama da matakin teku, haɗe da ɗimbin ƙananan tsaunuka.
Hamada ta Mexico wasu manya ne, masu ban mamaki da kuma yanayin halittu daban-daban. Wasteasashe masu ɓarna na ƙasar suna ƙarƙashin hamadar Chihuahuan, wacce ta raba ta da Amurka. A cikin kurmin Chihuahuan kadai akwai nau'ikan murtsatsi na 350. Wani tsauraran hamada na Mexico shine na Sonora.
Zuwa abin da ke sama, dole ne mu ƙara abubuwan gudummawa ga bambancin tabkuna, tsibirai na tabki, koguna, savannas da sauran sararin samaniya, don kammala tsarin megadiya na Meziko.
Tsarin yanayi na yanayi
A lokaci guda na kowace rana, akwai yiwuwar 'yan Mexico suna gasawa a cikin zafi a hamadar arewa, suna jin daɗin yanayin bazara a cikin wani gari a tsakiyar Altiplano, ko kuma rawar sanyi a cikin Monte Real ko kuma a cikin manyan wuraren dusar ƙanƙara.
A waccan ranar, wani ɗan Mexico ko baƙon yawon shakatawa na iya yin gumi mai yawa suna yin nishaɗi a kan SUV a cikin kewayen jeji a Baja California, yayin da wani kuma yake yin dusar ƙanƙara a Coahuila kuma na uku yana cikin rigan iyo a ɗayan ɗayan rairayin rairayin bakin teku masu kyau da da Riviera Maya ko kuma Riviera Nayarit.
Saukakawa da tekuna suna da tasirin yanke hukunci kan canjin yanayin Mexico, tare da yankuna na kusa, amma daban-daban, tare da yanayi daban-daban.
A arewacin ƙasar, inda manyan hamada suke, canjin yanayin yana bushe sosai, yana da zafi da rana kuma yana sanyi a dare.
Yawancin yanki na tsakiya da tsakiyar arewa suna da bushewar yanayi, tare da matsakaita yanayin shekara shekara tsakanin 22 zuwa 26 ° C.
A cikin filayen gabar Tekun Mexico da Pacific, yankin Yucatan, Isthmus na Tehuantepec da Chiapas, yanayin yana da danshi da danshi.
Tsarin al'adu
Al’ada tana da yankuna da ba zasu kirgu ba; daga noma zuwa zane, ta hanyar rawa da girki; daga kiwo zuwa masana'antu, ta hanyar kide-kide da kuma kayan tarihi.
Hakanan Mexico tana da matukar banbanci ko kuma megadi a cikin yanayin al'adun da suka gabata kuma zai zama mara iyaka don komawa ga dukkan su. Bari mu dauki misali biyu, rawa da gastronomy, duka yadda dadin su yake, da kuma sha'awar yawon bude ido.
Yawancin raye-raye na Meziko da bayyane daban-daban na al'adun gargajiya sun zo ne daga zamanin Hispanic, wasu kuma sun samo asali ne ko faɗaɗawa ta hanyar cakuda al'adu tare da Turawa da al'adun da suka biyo baya.
Rito de los Voladores de Papantla, wasan kwaikwayon rawa na yau da kullun wanda ya fi jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa Mexico, ya canza kaɗan tun zamanin Columbian.
Jarabe tapatío, sanannen rawar mutanen Mexico na duniya, ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Juyin Juya Halin Mexico a cikin sigar zamani, amma yana da magabata a zamanin mulkin mallaka.
A cikin Chiapas, Los Parachicos, bayyanuwar lokacin viceregal tare da abubuwan da suka faru kafin Columbian, shine babban abin jan hankali na La Fiesta Grande de Chiapa de Corzo.
Huan Huasteco da Zapateado, alama ce ta yankin Huasteca, kwanan nan ne, tun lokacin da ta fito a cikin karni na 19 tare da tasirin asali, na Sifen da Afirka.
Duk waɗannan raye-rayen suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da waƙoƙin da aka yi tare da nau'ikan kayan kida na pre-Hispanic da waɗanda waɗanda Sifen da sauran al'adun da suka zo daga baya suka kawo.
Mexico ita ce kan gaba a tsakanin jama'ar Amurka a cikin nunawa da bambancin maganganunta na almara.
Tsarin ciki na gastronomic
Wanene ba ya son naman alade irin na Meziko? Hanyar dafa naman, shigar da ita a cikin ramin murhu wanda aka lulluɓe da ganyen maguey kuma aka ɗora shi da duwatsun wuta mai duhu, yana nufin zamanin sarakunan Aztec kafin mulkin mallaka. 'Yan ƙasar sun yi lalata da barewa da tsuntsaye; Mutanen Spain ne suka kawo ragon.
A Yucatán, Mayans sun kasance farkon masu kirkirar kirkirar biredi, musamman tare da barkono habanero, wanda ke da kyau a yankin. Wadannan kayan abincin sun tafi da naman abinci daban-daban, kamar su naman alade, dabbobin daji, nishadi da kunkuru, da kifi da kifin kifi. Mashahurin pibil cochinita ya jira Mutanen Sifen don gabatar da aladun Iberiya.
Mole poblano, wata alama ce ta gastronomic ta Mexico, ƙirar Aztec ce wacce ba dole ta jira naman da aka shigo da shi ba, tun daga farko an haɗa hadadden miya tare da turkey ko turkey na cikin gida.
Shahararren taco na iya samun abubuwan cikawa da yawa, na da ko na zamani, amma mahimmin abin shine farkon tortilla na masara ta Hispanic.
A cikin mummunan yankin arewa, Rrámuris sun koyi cin duk abin da suka samu daga daji, gami da naman kaza, saiwoyi, tsutsotsi, har ma da berayen da ke gona.
Kwanan nan kwanan nan da birane sune Salatin Kaisar na duniya, wanda aka kirkira a Tijuana a cikin 1920s da Margarita Cocktail na alama, wani ƙirar Baja California daga 1940s.
Babu shakka, sana'ar girke-girke ta Meziko na iya jin daɗin duka manyan gidajen sarauta da waɗanda ke neman labaran abubuwan da suka shafi gastronomic.
Yana da wuya a yi tunanin ƙasar da ta fi yawan makara kamar Mexico!
