Danzón yana da matakai guda huɗu a tarihinsa a Meziko: na farko, tun daga isowarsa zuwa lokacin baƙin ciki na gwagwarmayar neman sauyi na 1910-1913.
Na biyu zai sami tabbataccen tasiri akan juyin halittar rediyo kuma ya kusan dacewa da matakan farko na zane-zane, yana da alaƙa da nau'ikan nishaɗin gama gari tsakanin shekarun 1913 da 1933. Mataki na uku zai kasance tare da na'urori masu haifuwa. da kuma wuraren shakatawa inda ake yin sautuna da hanyoyin fassara danzón - zauren raye-raye tare da makaɗa -, wanda ke nufin mu daga 1935 zuwa 1964, lokacin da waɗannan ɗakunan rawa za su bar wurin da ya dace da su zuwa wasu wuraren raye-raye hakan zai canza samfurin nuna rawa na raye-raye da raye-raye. A ƙarshe, zamu iya magana game da mataki na huɗu na rashin nutsuwa da sake haihuwa na tsohuwar siffofin da aka sake sanya su cikin raye-raye gama gari - waɗanda ba a taɓa daina wanzuwa ba -, don kare rayuwarsu kuma, tare da shi, nuna cewa danzón yana da tsari hakan na iya sanya shi dindindin
Asali ga rawa wacce ba za ta mutu ba
Tun zamanin da, saboda kasancewar Turawa a cikin abin da muka sani yanzu a matsayin Amurka, daga ƙarni na 16 da daga baya, dubun-dubatar baƙar fata 'yan Afirka sun isa nahiyarmu, an tilasta musu yin aiki musamman a cikin abubuwa uku: hakar ma'adanai, gonaki, da kuma saɓo. . Kasarmu ba banda wannan ba kuma daga wannan lokacin, aka fara aiwatar da tsarin lamuni tare da aiwatar da tsarin al'adu tare da 'yan asalin, Turai da Gabas.
Daga cikin sauran fannoni, dole ne a yi la’akari da tsarin zamantakewar New Spain, wanda, gabaɗaya magana, ya kasance daga jagorancin Spain, to sai Creoles da jerin batutuwa waɗanda asalin ƙasarsu ba ta bayyana ba - masu magana da Sifaniyanci sun bayyana. Za'a ci gaba da wasannin caca na 'yan asalin nan da nan, sannan' yan ƙasar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa da kuma baƙar fata da ke gwagwarmayar neman aiki. A ƙarshen wannan hadadden tsarin muna da 'yan wasa.
Ka yi tunanin a cikin wannan mahallin wasu daga cikin bukukuwan gama gari wanda dukkanin al'ummomin zamantakewar suka shiga ta hanyar da ta dace, kamar su Paseo del Pendón, wanda a ciki ne aka tuna da taken Aztec na Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
A gaban faretin ya fito ne daga masarautar masarauta da na cocin da kuma sahu wanda mahalarta zasu bayyana daidai da matsayinsu na zamantakewa, a farkon ko a ƙarshen jere. A cikin waɗannan bukukuwan, bayan jerin gwano, akwai abubuwa biyu da suka baje kolin duk matsayin mizanin zamantakewar jama'a, kamar fadan bijimi. A wani bikin tunawa da sarao, taron rukuni na iko ya halarci musamman.
Za a iya lura cewa a cikin shekarun mulkin mallaka an kafa ɓata iyaka tsakanin "masu martaba" da sauran ƙungiyoyin mutane, waɗanda ake zargin duk lahani da bala'i a kansu. Saboda wannan dalili, an ƙi syrups, ƙananan raye-raye na duniya da raye-rayen da baƙar fata suka taɓa yi a matsayin lalata, ya saɓa wa dokokin Allah. Don haka, muna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na rawa iri biyu bisa ga ajin zamantakewar da suka ɗauka. A gefe guda, minuettes, boleros, polkas da contradanzas waɗanda aka koyar koda a makarantun rawa ne wanda Viceroy Bucareli ya tsara kuma Marquina ya dakatar da su daga baya. A gefe guda kuma, mutanen sun yi farin ciki da déligo, da zampalo, da guineo, da zarabullí, da pataletilla, da mariona, da avilipiuti, da folia kuma sama da duka, lokacin da ya zo rawa da haushi, da zarabanda, da jacarandina da, lalle ne, hayaniya.
Independungiyar 'Yancin Nationalasa ta halatta daidaito da' yancin ƙungiyoyin mutane; Koyaya, jagororin ɗabi'a da na addini har yanzu suna aiki da ƙarfi kuma da ƙyar za'a wuce su.
Labaran da wannan babban marubuci kuma mai son mallakar, Don Guillermo Prieto, ya bar mana a wannan lokacin, ya sanya mu tuno da kananan bambance-bambance da suka faru a al'adunmu, duk da sauye-sauyen fasahar da ba za a iya lissafa su ba wadanda suka faru a kusan shekaru 150.
Tsarin zamantakewar an canza shi da dabara kuma, kodayake cocin ya rasa sarari na ikon tattalin arziki yayin aiwatar da Gyara, ba ta daina kiyaye ikonta na ɗabi'a, wanda har ma ya sami ƙarfafawa.
Jerin kowane tsarin da aka zayyana anan ta hanyar tsallake-tsallake zai sami mahimmancin mahimmancin fahimtar hanyoyin Mexico na yanzu don fassara raye-rayen rawa. Jinsi iri ɗaya, a cikin sauran ɗakunan sararin samaniya, suna da maganganu daban-daban. Anan sake matsin lambar zamantakewar Mexico zai daidaita canjin maza da mata ta hanyar bayyana dandano na rawa.
Wannan na iya zama mabuɗin abin da ya sa mutanen Mexico "stoic" lokacin da muke rawa.
Danzón ya bayyana ba tare da yin amo da yawa ba
Idan muka ce a lokacin Porfiriato -1876 zuwa 1911- abubuwa ba su canza ba a Meziko, za mu fallasa babban ƙarya, tun da sauye-sauye na fasaha, al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma sun bayyana a wannan matakin. Abu ne mai yuwuwa cewa sauye-sauye na fasaha an nuna su da karfin gaske kuma a hankali sun shafi al'adu da al'adu kuma cikin dabara cikin al'umma. Don gwada godiyarmu za mu ɗauki kiɗa da ayyukanta musamman. Muna nufin rawa na San Agustín de Ias Cuevas a yau Tlalpan, a matsayin misali na wasu ayyukan da aka yi a cikin ɗari tara a theungiyar Countryasa ko Tivoli deI Elíseo. Orungiyar ƙungiya ta waɗannan ƙungiyoyin hakika an yi ta da kirtani da itace, galibi, kuma a cikin rufaffiyar wurare - cafes da gidajen cin abinci - kasancewar fiyano ba zai yiwu ba.
Piano ita ce kayan aikin raba kida daidai kyau. A wancan lokacin hanyar jirgin kasa ta fara aiki a duk fadin kasar, motar ta fara daukar fim din ta na farko, sihirin daukar hoto ya fara sannan silima ta nuna bajinta na farko; kyau ya fito ne daga Turai, musamman daga Faransa. Saboda haka, a cikin rawa Ana amfani da kalmomin Frenchified kamar "glise", "premier", "cuadrille" da sauransu, don nuna ladabi da ilimi. Masu hannu da shuni koyaushe suna da fiyano a cikin gidansu don nunawa a cikin taro tare da fassarar ɓangarorin opera, operetta, zarzueIa, ko waƙoƙin opera na Mexico kamar Estrellita, ko a ɓoye, saboda kidan da yake da zunubi, kamar Perjura. Danzones na farko sun isa Mexico, waɗanda aka fassara akan piano tare da laushi da taushi, an haɗa su cikin wannan kotun.
Amma kada mu yi tsammanin masu rufin asiri kuma mu ɗan ɗan waiwaye game da '' haihuwar '' ta danzón. A yayin koyo game da danzón, bai kamata a ɓace wa rawar Cuban da contradanza ba.Daga waɗannan nau'ikan tsarin danzón ya taso, kawai wani ɓangare daga cikinsu ana yin kwaskwarima-musamman.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, mun san cewa habanera wani ɗan lokaci ne mai tsananin muhimmanci, tun da nau'ikan nau'ikan masarufi sun fito daga gare ta (kuma abin da ya fi mahimmanci, nau'ikan “ƙasashe uku” uku: danzón, waƙa da tango). Masana tarihi suna sanya habanera a matsayin hanyar kida daga tsakiyar karni na 19.
Ana jayayya cewa an ɗauke contradanzas na farko daga Haiti zuwa Kyuba kuma suna da rawan ƙasa, raye-raye na ƙasar Ingilishi wanda ya sami iska irin ta har sai da ta zama ta Havana ta duniya; Sun ƙunshi sassa huɗu har sai da aka mai da su biyu, suna rawa a cikin adadi ta ƙungiyoyi. Kodayake ana ɗaukar Manuel Saumell Robledo a matsayin mahaifin quadrille na Cuban, Ignacio Cervantes shi ne wanda ya bar babbar alama a Mexico game da wannan. Bayan hijira a Amurka, ya koma Cuba kuma, daga baya ya koma Mexico, a kusa da 1900, inda ya samar da kyawawan raye-raye waɗanda suka rinjayi hanyar mawakan Mexico kamar Felipe Villanueva, Ernesto Elourdy, Arcadio Zúñiga da Alfredo Carrasco.
A yawancin piano na Villanueva, dogaro da ƙirar Cuba a bayyane yake. Sun dace da abun kiɗan sassan biyu. Sau da yawa na farkon yana da halin gabatarwa kawai. Kashi na biyu, a gefe guda, ya fi zurfin tunani, mai rauni, tare da rubato tempo da “na wurare masu zafi”, kuma yana haifar da mafi haɗuwa da rhythmic haduwa. A cikin wannan yanayin, haka kuma a cikin ƙwarewar ƙwarewa, Villanueva ya zarce Saumell, kamar yadda yake na ɗabi'a a cikin mai tsara tsara ta gaba kuma yana da ƙarin alaƙar ruhaniya tare da mai ci gaba da nau'in Cuban, Ignacio Cervantes.
Contradanza yana ɗaukar matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin ɗanɗano na kiɗa da raye-raye na Mexico, amma kamar kowane rawa, yana da siffofinsa waɗanda dole ne a fassara al'umma daidai da ɗabi'a da kyawawan halaye. A duk tarukan Porfirian, masu aji da kyau sun kiyaye iri ɗaya na tsoffin kayan na 1858.
Ta wannan hanyar, muna da abubuwa biyu waɗanda zasu kasance farkon matakin kasancewar danzón a cikin Meziko, wanda ke zuwa daga 1880 zuwa 1913, kusan. A gefe guda, wasan piano wanda zai zama abin jigilar mutane da yawa, a wani bangaren, ka'idojin zamantakewar da zasu hana yaduwarta a bude, rage ta zuwa wuraren da kyawawan dabi'u da kyawawan halaye zasu iya shakatawa.
Lokaci na bunƙasa da ci gaba
Bayan shekaru talatin, Mexico za ta sami ci gaba na gaske a cikin kiɗan wurare masu zafi, sunayen Tomás Ponce Reyes, Babuco, Juan de Dios Concha, Dimas da Prieto sun zama sanannen ɗan wasa a cikin nau'in danzón.
Sa'annan gabatarwar ihu ta musamman ga kowane fassarar danzón: Ya dan uwa! Danzón ya sadaukar da kansa ga Antonio da abokai waɗanda ke tare da shi! Bayanin da aka kawo daga Veracruz ta Babuco.
Amador Pérez, Dimas, yana samar da danzón Nereidas, wanda ya keta dukkan iyakoki na shahara, tunda ana amfani dashi azaman suna don ɗakunan shan ice cream, mahauta, shagunan cin abinci, abincin rana, da sauransu. Zai zama danzón na Mexico wanda ke fuskantar Cuban Almendra, daga Valdés.
A Cuba, danzón ya canza zuwa cha-cha-chá saboda dalilai na kasuwanci, nan da nan ya faɗaɗa kuma ya sauya ɗanzón na ɗanɗanar ɗan rawa.
A cikin 1940s, Mexico ta sami fashewar hubbub kuma rayuwar dare tana da haske. Amma wata rana mai kyau, a cikin 1957, wani hali ya bayyana a wurin da aka kawo daga waɗancan shekarun inda aka zartar da dokoki don kula da lamiri mai kyau, waɗanda suka yanke hukunci:
"Dole ne a rufe cibiyoyin da safe daya na safe don ba da tabbacin cewa dangin ma'aikacin zai karbi albashinsa sannan kuma ba a barnatar da dangin iyayensu a cikin mataimakan cibiyoyin," in ji Mista Ernesto P. Uruchurtu. Regent na Birnin Mexico. Shekarar 1957.
Rashin jin daɗi da sake haihuwa
"Godiya" ga matakan na Iron Regent, yawancin gidajen rawa sun ɓace kuma, daga cikin dozin biyun da suke, uku ne kawai suka rage: EI Colonia, Los Angeles da EI California. Amintattun mabiyan rawa sun halarci su, wadanda suka kiyaye kyawawan hanyoyin rawa. A zamaninmu, an ƙara SaIón Riviera, wanda a baya ɗaki ne kawai don liyafa da masu rawa, mai kare gida na kyawawan raye-raye na SaIón, wanda a ciki danzón sarki ne.
Saboda haka, muna maimaita kalmomin Amador Pérez da Dimas, lokacin da ya ambata cewa "sautukan zamani za su zo, amma danzón ba zai taɓa mutuwa ba."
