Na musamman, na hali, mai dadi, mai zafi, tare da gishiri, toast, a cikin taco, al fasto, a cikin quesadilla, chilaquil, sope, a miya, da hannu, comal, blue, white, yellow, fat, na bakin ciki, ƙarami, babba, la Tortilla ta Mexico alama ce kuma tsohuwar al'adar al'adar girke-girke ta ƙasarmu.
Mexaunar mutanen Mexico ba tare da la'akari da zamantakewar zamantakewar da take ba, ana cin azabar kullun kowace rana kamar burodinmu, shi kaɗai ko ta hanyoyi masu yawa na gabatarwa; Tare da launuka da aromas na abinci na Mexico mai ban sha'awa, tortilla ita ce, tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi, mai nuna jita-jita, kuma tare da tequila da chili, alamar abincin da ke wakiltar Meziko.
Amma yaushe, ina kuma ta yaya aka haifi omelette? Asalinsa ya tsufa sosai cewa ba a san asalinsa daidai ba. Koyaya, mun sani cewa tarihin pre-Hispanic yana da alaƙa da masara kuma a cikin wasu tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi muna samun nassoshi daban-daban game da wannan.
A cikin lardin Chalco an ce alloli sun sauko daga sama zuwa wani kogo, inda Piltzintecutli ya kwana da Xochiquétzal; daga wannan ƙungiyar aka haife Tzentéotl, allahn masara, wanda ya sami ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma ya ba da wasu tsaba bi da bi; auduga ya fito daga gashinta, dankalin turawa daga yatsun hannunta, da kuma wani nau'in masara daga farcen. Saboda wannan dalili, in ji allah shine mafi ƙaunataccen duka kuma sun kira shi "ƙaunataccen ubangiji."
Wata hanyar kusantar asalin ita ce bincika alaƙarta da Tlaxcala, wanda sunansa ke nufin "wurin masarar masara."
Ba kwatsam ba ne Fadar Gwamnati ta Tlaxcala ta karbe mu da zane-zane na bango wanda aka wakilta tarihinta ta masara. Shin za mu iya tantance cewa asalin tortilla yana cikin wannan yankin ne?
Don kokarin gano sirrin, mun je neman maigidan Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin, mashahurin masanin rubutu da rubutu daga Tlaxcala.
Jagora Xochitiotzin yana gaban bangonsa, yana ba da jawabi. Sanye da suturar Diego Rivera, gajere, mai launin ruwan kasa kuma tare da tsofaffin abubuwan asalinsa, ya tunatar da mu wani yanki na tarihi wanda ya nace kan rayuwa.
"Asalin tortilla ta tsufa sosai - malamin ya gaya mana - kuma ba zai yuwu a ce a wane wuri aka kirkireshi ba, tunda ana samun dabbobin ma a kwarin Mexico, Toluca da Michoacán."
Menene asalin harshe na Tlaxcala yake nufi a gare mu to?
“An kira Tlaxcala haka ne saboda tana cikin wani wuri na musamman: a bangaren gabas akwai tsaunukan Malitzin ko Malinche. Rana ta fito a can ta fadi a yamma, a kan dutsen Tláloc. Kuma kamar yadda rana take tafiya, haka kuma ruwan sama. Yankin yana da yanayin kyakkyawan shuka; saboda haka sunan Tierra de Maíz. Masana binciken kayan tarihi sun gano shekaru dubu goma ko goma sha ɗaya, amma ba wurin kawai bane, akwai da dama ”.
Alamar da aka nuna a bangon maigidan Desiderio, wanda aka zana a kan baka a ƙofar gidan Fada - centuryarni na 16, inda Hernán Cortés ya rayu-, yayi mana magana game da mahimmancin masara a duniyar pre-Hispanic. Malamin ya hada shi kamar haka: “Masara ita ce rana saboda rayuwa daga gare ta take. Labari ya nuna cewa Quetzalcóatl ya gangara zuwa Mictlán, wurin matattu, can kuma ya ɗauki wasu ƙasusuwa na mata da maza ya je ya ga allahiyar Coatlicue. Allahiya masarar ƙasa da kuma ƙasusuwa, kuma daga wannan manna Quetzalcóatl ya halicci mutane. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa babban abincin su shine masara ”.
Bango na maigidan Xochitiotzin ya faɗi tare da ƙwarewar tunani na tarihin Tlaxcala ta hanyar masara da maguey, tsirrai biyu masu mahimmanci don ci gaban al'adun waɗannan mutane: tsohuwar Teochichimecas Texcaltecas, sarakunan Texcales, ta hanyar zama manyan masara Sun ba mahaifarsu sunan Tlaxcallan, ma'ana, ƙasar Tlaxcallis ko ƙasar masara.
Bincikenmu game da asalin azabtarwar ba ta ƙare a nan ba, kuma da daddare sai mu nufi Ixtenco, wani garin Otomí a Tlaxcala wanda ya bayyana a idanunmu kamar fatalwa, tare da dogayen titunanta da babu kowa.
Misis Josefa Gabi de Melchor, sananniya a ko'ina cikin Tlaxcala saboda aikinta na kyan gani, tana jiranmu a gidanta. A shekara tamanin, Doña Gabi tana nika masararta da ƙarfi a kan metate, tuni an kunna wuta kuma hayaƙi ya ƙara duhun ɗakin, yana da sanyi sosai kuma ƙanshin itacen ƙonawa yana maraba da mu da dumi. "Ina da yara goma sha ɗaya - Ya gaya mana ba tare da ko tambayar komai ba. Zan nika su in yi romo. Daga baya injin niƙa ya fara, kuma ɗayan surukina yana da ɗaya. Wata rana yana ce mani: "Me kuke yi a can, mace, za ku gama metate ɗinku" ". A hanyar gargajiya, a gidan Doña Gabi da Don Guadalupe Melchor, mijinta, ana shuka masara; ana adana shi a cikin cuexcomate kuma a barshi ya bushe, don daga baya a kashe shi. Lokacin da aka tambaye ta ko an kirkiro tortilla a cikin Tlaxcala, matar ta amsa: “A’a, an fara ta a nan, saboda an kafa Ixtenco ne kafin Tlaxcala. Mutane suna cewa komai, amma labarin garin shine. Abu mara kyau shine babu wanda yake son karawa kuma, sun saba da saye. Shin kuna son ƙarin gishiri a cikin abincin ku? ”. Yayin da yake magana da mu, muna cin wasu nau'ikan bizirin da ke kusa da larura. Mun kalli Dona Gabi yana aiki tare da wannan yanayin halayyar, kuma a bayyane yake ba gajiyawa, na nika akan tsarin. "Duba, haka yake nika." Pure makamashi, ina ji. Kuma yana da gajiya sosai don yin cincin? "Ga waɗanda suka riga sun san yadda ake niƙa, a'a."
Daren yana shudewa, yana sane tsakanin dogon tsit wani ɓangare na Meziko da aka manta, hakikanin karkara wanda har yanzu yana raye saboda godiya ta baka na mutane da al'adunsu. Waƙwalwar ƙanshin hayaƙi da nixtamal ya kasance tare da mu, hannaye masu ƙarfi a kan metate da asalin ɗan asalin Otomí. Da safe, gonakin masara suna haskakawa a ƙarƙashin shuɗin sama na Tlaxcala, wanda tare da dutsen La Malintzin, ya kore mu daga madawwami ƙasar masarar rana.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 298 / Disamba 2001
