Wanda ke zaune a cikin saitin duwatsu masu duwatsu masu ruwan hoda, an haifi wannan kyakkyawan birni, Gidan Tarihi na Duniya (a farkon shekarar 1546), daga gano ma'adanai na ƙarfe masu daraja a cikin ruwan karkashin ƙasa.
Aunar Zacatecas, kamar kyawawan ƙwarewar rayuwa, ba za a iya kwatanta ta da inganci ko yawa da ta sauran biranen ba. An zana shi kwatsam, wanda ke son a sami jijiyoyin azurfa da azurfa a cikin zurfin kwazazzabonsa, garin bai yi girma ba tare da masu hankali na biranen da ke neman madaidaiciya har ma da filaye don bunkasa.
Maimakon haka, Zacatecas ta tashi a cikin ƙasa mara dadi da ƙarancin yanayi, kaifi da karko na kwarin dutse wanda ke haifar da yanayin yanayi mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. Hanyoyin da ke kwance, matsakaitan matattakala waɗanda ke tashi sama da ƙasa, 'yan madaidaiciyar layuka, hanyoyin da suka haɗu ba zato ba tsammani a cikin facin haikalin Baroque na ƙarni na 16, ko kuma wani katafaren gida na ƙarni na 17th, tsawaitawa da manyan gine-gine masu wahalar fahimta a cikin hangen nesa saboda kankantar lamuranta. A cikin wannan yanayin abubuwan mamakin, yana da sauƙin fahimtar dalilin da yasa UNESCO ta ayyana Cibiyar Tarihi a matsayin Tarihin Duniya a cikin 1993.
Gaskiya da labari
Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na wannan wuri ya haifar da darajar ɗaukakar da kayan ƙarancin duk gine-ginen da muke gani kewaye da mu, tun da yake an gina haikalin, manyan gidaje da fadoji tare da dukiyar da aka samo daga ma'adinai tsakanin ƙarni na 16 da 19, kuma a cikin cewa ana amfani da duk tsarin gine-ginen, daga mulkin mallaka na mulkin mallaka har zuwa na Faransa na zamani - a cikin na baya-bayan nan. A bayyane yake cewa masu arzikin ma'adanan Zacatecan masu hakar ma'adinai ba su kashe kuɗi don gina gidajensu ba, kuma ba su yi jinkirin ba da babbar gudummawa ga Cocin don gina haikalin da wuraren ibada ba.
Akwai shafuka, irin su Fadar Adalci a yanzu, ko Mummunar Dare, wanda ke da nasa labarin. Ance wasu karnoni baya da suka gabata fadar ta kasance gidan zama na alfarma na wani hamshakin mai hakar gwal mai suna Manuel Retegui, wanda ya barnata dukiyar sa ta hanyar jin daɗin rayuwa. Na biyun, ya fada cikin talauci kwatsam, ya zaɓi kashe kansa, amma a dai-dai lokacin da yake shirin babban bikin, wani ya ƙwanƙwasa ƙofar sa, yana mai sanar da cewa an sami wata babbar zinare a cikin ma'adanar ta Mala Noche. Don haka, na morean shekaru kaɗan, wataƙila har zuwa rikici na gaba, mai hakar ma'adinai ya yi nesa da nadinsa tare da mutuwa da talauci. Babu wata hanya mafi kyau don sanin wannan da sauran almara fiye da ta zurfin zurfafawa a cikin Nakin na Eden, wanda aka gano a shekarar 1586. trainaramar jirgin ƙasa da yawon buɗe ido da ke jagorantar za su gabatar da ku ga wannan duniyar mai ban tsoro, janareta na sa'a da bala'i.
Art, Tushen da hutawa
Saboda girman gine-ginen, wanda ya yi fice shine Katolika na Zacatecas, wanda aka sassaka shi a cikin duwatsu masu launin ruwan hoda kuma waɗanda masu hakar ma'adinai ma suka ba da kuɗaɗen ginin a tsakanin 1730 da 1760. Yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kyawawan misalan gine-ginen Baroque na Mexico, tun a cikin facade da hasumiya zaka iya gano kyawawan farin ciki na artan asalin masu sana'a. Awanni suna tafiya ta hanyar kokarin gano duk wasu sirrin da ke kunshe cikin daruruwan adadi na dabbobi na ainihi da na almara, kyawawa ko dodo mata da maza; gargoyles, tsuntsayen aljanna, zakuna, raguna, bishiyoyi, 'ya'yan itatuwa; bunches na inabi, masks, nuni na gaskiya na tunanin maguzawa ba da gangan an saka cikin Haikali ba.
Kusan kusa da Cathedral, Haikalin Santo Domingo, de la Compañía de Jesús, wanda ya ƙunshi sacristy na octagonal da manyan abubuwan bango na Baroque guda takwas, ɗayansu wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga Budurwar Guadalupe, shima yana jan hankali. A cikin Zacatecas akwai gidajen tarihi fiye da 15, yawancinsu an sadaukar dasu ne don fasaha, amma akwai guda biyu waɗanda suka cancanci nunawa. Na farko shi ne Rafael Coronel Museum, wanda ke cikin tsohuwar San Francisco Convent - wanda ya fara daga 1567 kuma dole ne a yi watsi da shi bayan sake fasalin Juyin Juya Halin Mexico -. Ciyawa da furanni suna girma a cikin patios da lambuna. A tsakiyar manyan kango, ganuwar da baka, shuɗin sama ya ratsa inda yakamata yakamata ya zama kuma a yau akwai ginshiƙai marasa rufi. Wannan ɗayan ɗayan shafuka ne masu ban sha'awa a ƙasar kuma suna da tarin El Rostro Mexicano, tare da samfurin sama da masks 10,000 waɗanda aka tattara a tsakanin mashahuran masu zane-zane daga yankuna daban-daban na Mexico: dabbobi, dodanni, idan mata da shaidanu marasa adadi waɗanda suka haɗu da abubuwan addini da na bikin. kuma prehispanic.
Wani shafin kuma wanda yake da ban mamaki shine Gidan Tarihi na Al'adu na Zacatecano, tunda tun a 1995 ya nuna kayan adon Huichol sama da 150 wanda mallakar masanin kimiyyar Arewacin Amurka ne Henry Mertens, wanda ya zauna tare da wannan rukunin 'yan asalin shekaru da yawa a tsaunukan Nayarit. Suna motsa kyawawan halaye da hangen nesa na masu fasahar wannan ƙabilar, da kuma bayani mai ban sha'awa na alamomin da yanayin sararin samaniya wanda jagorar asalin Huichol ya faɗi yayin yawon shakatawa na gidan kayan gargajiya. Ganuwar bangon, alfarmar bagade da kayan smithy sun cika wannan bambancin fasaha. Hakanan ana jin daɗin girman wannan birni a cikin otal-otal ɗin sa. Real Quinta ta haɗu a cikin aikinta mafi tsufa a cikin Arewacin Amurka; dakunansa da gidajen cin abinci suna kewaye da zobe, inda ake yin fadan fadan da yanzu ya zama lambu. Amma sandar wannan katanga, tsohuwar corral de los toros ce. Wani otal mai kyau da launuka masu kyau shine Mesón del Jobito, tsohon gona, labyrinthine, wanda Majalisar ofungiyoyin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka maido dashi, wanda ke adana ƙarancin tsarin mulkin mallaka na Mexico.
Kewayen
Lokacin da kake son barin garin, yi tafiya ta cikin Sierra de ganrganos Natural Park, wanda ke cikin Sierra Madre Oriental, kilomita 165 daga Zacatecas - kan hanyar zuwa garin Sombrerete akan babbar hanyar 45. Ba shi da girma sosai, amma shimfidar wurare ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba. Manyan duwatsu (kamar bututu masu manya-manyan gabobi), mai launi ja, ya tashi ya zama amphitheaters da kyawawan wurare. Akwai hanyoyi don tafiya ko kekuna, kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire koyaushe abin mamaki ne ga waɗanda ba mu yawan tafiya da inci inci a cikin hamada. Idan kun yi sa'a kuna iya hango wani zakanya, kuru, ko barewa ko kuma yaba wa hasumiyar duwatsu masu duhu su zama shuɗu a yamma, yayin da sararin samaniya mai haske ya canza launi na biyu zuwa na biyu har sai ya ɓace cikin duhun taurari.
