Alfijir ne kuma sararin sama ya fara ba da hango na farko na tsabta. Manyan Cumbres de Maltrata sun tafi tare da layukan manyan motoci da Kaffirai waɗanda ke bijirewa mutuwa a cikin hanyoyin da abyss ya zana.
Mun kuma wuce shari'ar Esperanza da garuruwan Atzizintla da Texmalaquilla. Yanzu motarmu ta hau kan hanyar datti wacce take kaiwa zuwa gangaren tsaunin Atlitzin da Citlaltépetl. Hanyar, a wasu bangarorin, tana da tsattsauran ra'ayi cewa a lokacin damina zai zama babban cikas da ba za a iya shawo kansa ba; duk da haka, zamu ci gaba har zuwa sama da 3,500 m asl inda muka tsayar da motar don fara hawan ƙafa. Rubén, wanda ya san yankin har tsawon shekaru 15 (duk da cewa ban yi tsammanin cewa Atlitzin ya yi tsawo sosai ba), ya bishe ni zuwa fuskar arewacin dutsen.
Yayin da rana ke ci gaba, fitowar farko ta rana ta zana gangar gabashin Pico de Orizaba da ciyawar Sierra Negra ko dutsen Atlitzin (Nuestra Señora de la Agüita) na zinare.
Safiya ta bayyana sarai lokacin da muke ratsa wani daji wanda tsironta ya daina danshi tsawon shekaru. A gaban manyan bishiyoyin da muka samo akan hanya, Rubén yayi bayanin cewa an tono tushensu kuma an sare su don su faɗi. Don haka, masu sare itace suna da'awar cewa basu sa baki a faduwarta ba; sun tabbatar da cewa itacen ya faɗi “don tsufa”, kuma suna amfani da gatari da duwatsu don yanke shi.
Haushi da baƙin ciki sakamakon lalacewar gandun daji sun daidaita ta da yanayin wuri. A gangaren kudu maso gabas, Pico de Orizaba ya nuna ragowar hayakin hayaki, wanda masu hawa tsaunuka suka san shi da Torrecillas: Kusa da shi, tare da zubowar kyamara, Ina iya ganin jan ja; gidan saukar baki na kudu na Citlaltépetl. A kallo na farko kuma zai yiwu a yi la’akari da hanyar da ke hawa zuwa gabar ɗaya daga cikin manyan lawa suna gudana.
A lokacin hawan Atlitzin zamu ga yadda ciyayi ke kara zama kadan. A tsaunin da ya haura sama da 4,000 m wasu pines har yanzu suna rayuwa; duk da haka, yawan ciyawar itace ciyawar ciyawa da sauran manyan tsaunukan tsaunuka. Ba zato ba tsammani, tsari na halitta na furanni rawaya da toka masu toka ya ba mu mamaki a kan gado na jan duwatsu. A wani wuri, tare da daskararrun duwatsu masu kyaun yanayi, sarƙaƙƙen dutse ya yi fure kamar busasshiyar rana. Sauran duwatsun an lulluɓe su da wani launi na kore ko ja wanda wasu kwari sukan zauna.
A kusan sama da mita 4,500 sama da matakin teku mun isa ɗaya daga cikin kafaɗun Sierra Negra daga inda zamu iya gani, zuwa gabas da kudu maso gabas, ƙananan tsaunuka na Veracruz, Sierra de Zongolica da wasu kwari. Zuwa kudu zuwa Tehuacán, zaku iya ganin Sierra de Tecamachalco kuma zuwa arewacin Pico de Orizaba. Daga wannan lokacin zaku iya yaba sosai, a kan gangaren Citlaltépetl, babban harsunan dutse mai aman wuta kusa da Cerro Colorado, kuma saboda girman bishiyoyin da ke bankunan, muna lissafin cewa irin wannan gudu ba zai iya zama ƙasa da mita 100 ba. babba. Da ma abin tunani ne, a cikin yanayi na dare, da lawa tana saukowa ta kan tsauni!
Muna ci gaba da damuwarmu game da gizagizai waɗanda suka fara rufe taron na Citlaltépetl da Atlitzin, amma jan ƙarshe yana da wahala musamman. A ɗaya daga cikin hutun, Rubén ya ɗauki damar ɗaukar hoto Tepoztécatl tudun, zuwa gabas, ta taga wanda gizagizai ke ba shi don momentsan lokacin kaɗan. Daga yanzu, dutsen yana iya wakiltar yanayin Martian. A wani lokaci can baya, miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, wataƙila girgizar ƙasa ta haifar da ganuwar ganuwar gefen kudu ta faɗi, wanda za'a iya gani lokacin da hazo ya bar Cumbres de Maltrata daga San José Cuyachapa.
Bayan 'yan mitoci kafin mu kai saman mun ga ƙananan gicciye uku. Abubuwan da ke cikin ramin da aka lalata sun bayyana kuma sun ɓace a cikin farin ambulaf na gizagizai waɗanda kamar fatalwowi suke zaune a wurin. Ofayan gicciyen an sadaukar da shi ga Tsarkakakkiyar Zuciyar Yesu, ɗayan an sadaukar da shi ne ga mawaƙin dutse, mai halin da ya hau dutsen mai fitad da wuta don neman gidan kayan tarihinsa, kuma ƙarami yana da ɗakinsa a cikin siffar tudun inda akwai mutum-mutumin filastar da hadaya da abin wuya. Hazo yana rufe mu a hankali, kuma yayin da muke jiran gizagizai su motsa, Rubén ya yi barci kuma na yi barci na ɗan lokaci. Ba zato ba tsammani, hasken rana ya katse hutawa na kuma Citlaltépetl ya kwance gajimare na ɗan lokaci. Koyaya, yanayin shimfidar wuri zuwa yamma yana cikin gajimare kuma ya ƙaryata mana hangen nesa na Popocatépetl da Iztaccíhuatl.
Kafin fara dawowar, na kalli wajen ragargaza ramin dutsen na Sierra Negra ko Atlitzin mai aman wuta, wanda bai wuce ko ƙasa da taron koli na biyar na ƙasar ba.
Muna yin zuriya a cikin nutsuwa; A cikin wani gida a cikin Texmalaquilla suna ba mu abinci kuma a San José Atlitzin mun gamsar da hotunanmu na rashin nutsuwa. A titunan da babu kowa a ciki, ƙurar da garken tumakin da wani saurayi ke kiwo bai isa ya ɓoye yawancin Atlitzin ba. Bankwana yayi shiru.
SIERRA NEGRA: VOLCANO BA'A SANI BA
Rubutu: Rubén B. Morante
Idan na fada muku cewa mahalarta taron sun lura ba taron koli karo na biyar a Mexico ba, za ku gaskata ni? Dutsen da ya fi Malinche, Nevado de Colima da Cofre de Perote; Koyaya, idan mukayi ƙoƙarin gano shi a cikin littattafan labarin ƙasa, za mu ga cewa a cikin mafi yawansu ma bai bayyana ba. Tsayinsa, bisa ga jadawalin INEGI 1: 50000, wanda ya yi daidai da Orizaba (E14B56), ya kai 4 583 m sama da matakin teku, wanda da shi aka sanya shi 120 m sama da La Malinche, wani dutsen mai fitad da wuta wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙoli na biyar na ƙasar kuma yanzu zai faru da zama matsayi na shida. Wataƙila kasancewa kusa da mafi girman ƙwanƙolin yankin Mexico shine dalilin da yasa aka ci gaba da yin biris da shi. Makwabtansa kawai, Pico de Orizaba, tare da Popocatépetl, Iztaccíhuatl da Nevado de Toluca ne kawai suka fi shi tsayi.
Mun yi imanin cewa ya kamata a gyara wannan kwamiti, saboda kamar yadda za mu gani a nan gaba taro ne mai zaman kansa daga Citlaltépetl, kuma ba wai kawai an kafa shi a wani lokaci na daban ba amma fashewar sa ya jefa abubuwa daban-daban. Muna magana ne game da dutsen Atlitzin, wanda aka fi sani da Sierra Negra ko Cerro La Negra, da ke cikin jihar Puebla, kodayake gangarensa sun isa yankin Veracruz.
Dutsen Atlitzin, wanda aka fi sani da Sierra Negra ko Cerro La Negra, ya karɓi wannan suna na biyu saboda ganin shi a gefe ɗaya daga cikin farin dusar ƙanƙara na Pico de Orizaba, da alama ya zama duhu fiye da yadda yake da gaske. Ruwa ne mai matukar lalacewa wanda wani bangare ne na daya daga cikin mahimman tsarukan dutsen mai aman wuta wanda ke Neovolcanic Axis ko kuma Transversal Volcanic Mountain Range, wanda manyan tsaunukan ƙasarmu suke. An ƙirƙira shi a gaban Citlaltépetl, a ƙarshen Miocene. A saboda wannan dalili, ba za a iya ɗaukar shi a matsayin hayaƙin haya na Pico de Orizaba ba, wanda daga shi aka raba shi a fili ta hanyar faɗaɗa ƙasa tare da ɗan gangaro kaɗan wanda ya fara daga 4,000 m asl kuma ya zama siket ɗin kudancin Citlaltépetl. A kan wannan gangaren, kaɗan zuwa yamma, wani mazugi mai cutar parasitic ya bayyana, wato, tashar ta biyu ta Pico de Orizaba, wanda aka fi sani da Cerro Colorado kuma yana da tsayin 4,460 m. Irin wannan tsaunin, mun yarda, ba ya zama ɗaukaka mai zaman kanta ba.
Kogin Sierra Negra ya gamu da matsalar zaizayar kasa har ta kai ga ya rasa katangar hayakinsa. A cikin mahimmancin bincikensa na Pico de Orizaba da aka gudanar a farkon wannan karnin, masanin kimiyyar kasa Paul Waitz ya ce an kafa kasar ta Sierra Negra ne ta hanyar dogon aiki, kuma a wannan lokacin babban rafin asalin fashewar ya cika da ruwa. na zubar da jini daga baya, wanda hakan kuma ya kasance tushen sabbi kamar yadda aka maimaita aikin, yana ƙara dutsen mai fitowar wuta da ƙari. Sarkar dutsen da Sierra Negra ta kasance ta kudu mafi kudu, daga kudu zuwa arewa, ta isa Cofre de Perote kuma ta rufe Kogin Gabas, yana hana fitowar koguna da koramu daga kwarin Puebla zuwa Tekun Mexico .
Saliyo ta Negra tana cikin dajin Pico de Orizaba National Park, kuma muna cewa a waje saboda saboda matsugunan mutane da kuma mummunan amfani da dazuzzuka ya rasa sama da rabin asalinsa na 19,750 na asali, wanda ya sanya shi a ƙasa mafi karancin hakin 10,000 na filin shakatawa na kasa da un ta kafa a taron duniya na biyu kan wuraren shakatawa na kasa a watan Satumbar 1972.
Sauyin yanayi a cikin Sierra Negra akwai sanyi mai ɗumi-dumi kuma yanayin zafin sa na iya kaiwa daga 10ºC zuwa 20ºC. A lokacin sanyi lokacin dusar ƙanƙara sau da yawa yakan jujjuya shi zuwa "farin tsaunin dutse", amma a lokacin bazara yashi mai toka da duwatsu masu ɗoki suna ba shi bayyanar da ta ba shi suna. Ciyawar tana da asali daga bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu tsini, daga cikinsu akwai bishiyoyin 'yan wasan na bartwegii su mamaye, a tsayin da ya wuce mita 3,800. Hakanan muna samun sarƙaƙƙiya (sarƙaƙƙiya mai tsayi) da ciyayi (da ake kira zacatones) da shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa kamar jarritos da elamaxbuitl. Sswa da larai ne kawai suka fi rinjaye a taron, kuma daga cikin fauna akwai wasu zomaye, kyankyasai, ɓarna, ɓarna, rattlesnakes, kadangaru da tsuntsaye kamar hankaka da shaho.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 217 / Maris 1995
