A cewar Germán Arciniega, kalmar pichilingue ta samo asali ne daga Ingilishi suna magana da Ingilishi, wanda shine umarnin da aka bayar ga tsoffin 'yan asalin yankin na Pacific, wadanda, baya ga cin zarafi da fusata, ya kamata su san yaren Shakespeare.
Maanar fitaccen masanin tarihin Sinaloan Pablo Lizárraga ne ya samar da ma'anar kalmar ta biyu, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ta fito ne daga Nahuatl kuma an samo ta ne daga pichihuila, wasu agwagwa daban-daban na bakin haure wadanda ke ba da bayyanannen bayyani: idanuwansa da gashin fuka-fukan da ke kewaye da su suna ba ra'ayi cewa tsuntsu ne mai farin gashi.
Ba laifi ba ne a yi tunanin cewa 'yan fashin teku, galibi' yan Arewacin Turai, za su zama masu farin jini daidai wa daida. Bayyanannun wuraren shakatawa a bakin gabar teku, gabaɗaya a cikin ƙananan rafuka tare da ruwa mai zurfin da zasu iya kafa su a ciki da kuma cikin wuraren da ke da kariya, ya haifar da kasancewar rairayin bakin teku da ake kira wuraren shakatawa a wasu yankuna na Kudancin Amurka kuma, a kai a kai , a Meziko.
Ka'idar ta uku daidai take. Yawancin 'yan fashin teku - sunaye ne na mutanen da suka aiwatar da irin wannan - sun fito ne musamman a cikin ƙarni na 17, daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Vlissinghen ta Dutch. A takaice, asalin kalmar na ci gaba da zama mai wuyar fahimta kamar mutanen da ta ambata, musamman a cikin ƙarni na sha bakwai da farkon ƙarni na sha takwas.
Bayan sun sami nasarar kutsawa cikin Tekun Pasifik ta hanyar zagaye mashigar Magellan, ba da daɗewa ba rikice-rikice suka fara tare da Mutanen Spain, masu abin da ake kira "tafkin Sifen", da haɗama da ƙiyayyar Ingilishi da Flemings. Farkon mutanen Dutch da suka tsallaka wannan tekun shi ne Oliver van Noort a shekara ta 1597. Van Noort ya kasance mai kula da giya, tsohon jirgin ruwa, wanda tare da nasa jiragen ruwa guda huɗu da kuma maza 240 suka aiwatar da ɓarna da ɓarna a Kudancin Amurka ta Pacific. amma bai kai ga gabar New Spain ba. Karshensa mai yiwuwa ne abin da ya cancanta: ya mutu ta rataye a Manila.
A cikin 1614 labarai sun isa New Spain cewa haɗarin Dutch yana gabatowa. A watan Agusta na waccan shekarar, Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya ya aika da manyan jiragen ruwa masu zaman kansu guda huɗu (ma'ana, suna da “almara” daga gwamnatocinsu) da “jachts” biyu a kan “aikin kasuwanci” a duk duniya. An ƙarfafa aikin na lumana da ƙarfi da makami a cikin jiragen ruwan da Groote Sonne da Groote Mann ke jagoranta.
A jagorancin wannan manufa ita ce mashawarcin mashahuri - samfur na masu zaman kansu - Joris van Spielbergen. Ingantaccen mai jirgin ruwa, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1568, ƙwararren jami'in diflomasiyya ne wanda yake son tutar sa ta kasance mai kayatarwa da wadataccen ruwan inabi. Lokacin da ya ci abinci, ya yi hakan ne tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa a matsayin asalin kiɗan. Mutanensa sun sa manyan kaya. Spielbergen yana da kwamiti na musamman daga Janar Janar da kuma daga Yarima Maurice Orange. Da alama yana daga cikin umarnin sirrin shine kama jirgin ruwa. Mashahurin mai daukar hoto mai kayatarwa ya bayyana lokacin da bai dace ba a gabar New Spain a ƙarshen 1615.
Bayan manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da sojojin ruwan Spain a Kudancin Amurka ta Pacific, a cikin jirginsu kusan ba za a iya tabo su ba, tare da asarar ɗan adam kaɗan kuma jiragensu da kyar suka lalace, masu fashin jirgin suka nufi arewa; duk da haka, New Spain ta shirya jiran Dutch. A watan Yunin 1615, Viceroy Márques de Guadalcázar ya umarci magajin garin Acapulco da ya ƙarfafa garken tashar tare da ramuka da kuma igwa. Rukunin mayaƙa sun haɗa kai don yaƙi da abokan gaba da ƙarfi.
A GABAN ACAPULCO
A safiyar 11 ga Oktoba, rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Holland ta waye a gaban ƙofar bakin. Cikin nutsuwa suna kutsawa cikin jirgin, jiragen sun kafu gabanin sansanin wucin gadi bayan azahar. An sadu da su da salwar harbin bindiga wanda ba shi da wani tasiri. Bugu da ƙari, Spielbergen ya ƙuduri aniyar hallaka ƙauyen idan ya cancanta, saboda tana buƙatar abinci da ruwa. A ƙarshe an ayyana tsagaita wuta kuma Pedro Álvarez da Francisco Méndez, waɗanda suka yi aiki a Flanders, sun hau jirgi don su san yaren Dutch.
Spielbergen ya bayar da musayar kayayyakin da ake matukar bukata, don yantar da fursunonin da suka kama daga gabar tekun Peru. An cimma yarjejeniya kuma, mai ban mamaki, har tsawon mako guda, Acapulco ya zama wuri mai haɗuwa tsakanin masu jan hankali da Mutanen Spain. An karɓi kwamandan a cikin jirgin tare da girmamawa da fareti na matuƙan jirgin ruwan yaƙi, yayin da ƙaramin ɗan Spielbergen ya kwana tare da magajin garin tashar jirgin ruwan. Ganawar wayewa wacce zata banbanta da abubuwan da suka faru na ɗan Holland a gaba na arewacin Acapulco. Spielbergen yana da shirin tashar jiragen ruwa a gaba.
Mataimakin shugaban, ya ji tsoron cewa za a kama Manila Galleon da ke gab da zuwa, ya aika ƙasa da Sebastián Vizcaíno tare da maza 400 don kare tashar jiragen ruwa na Navidad da Salagua, kuma gwamnan Nueva-Vizcaya ya sake tura wata ƙungiyar zuwa bakin tekun Sinaloa a karkashin umarnin Villalba, wanda ke da umarnin daidai don kauce wa saukar makiya.
A kan hanya, Spielbergen ya kame jirgin ruwan lu'u-lu'u San Francisco, sannan ya canza sunan jirgin zuwa Perel (lu'u-lu'u). A saukowa ta gaba a Salagua, Vizcaíno ya jira wuraren kallo kuma bayan yaƙin da ba ya da kyau ga Mutanen Espanya, Spielbergen ya koma Barra de Navidad, ko kuma zai iya yiwuwa zuwa Tenancatita, inda ya kwashe kwanaki biyar tare da mutanensa cikin farin ciki bay. Vizcaíno, a cikin rahotonsa ga mataimakin shugaban, ya ambaci irin asarar da makiya suka yi kuma a matsayin hujja tana tura masa kunnuwan cewa ya yanke wani abin hawa. Vizcaíno ya bayyana wasu daga cikin "pichilingas" da ya kama fursuna a matsayin "samari da tsayayyun maza, wasu daga cikinsu 'yan Irish ne, da manyan curls da ringsan kunne". An yaudari Irishan Ailan cikin sojojin Spielbergen, suna masu imanin cewa suna kan aikin wanzar da zaman lafiya.
A Cape Corrientes, Spielbergen ya yanke shawarar ba ɓata lokaci a cikin ruwan New Spain kuma ya nufi kudu. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Manila Galleon ya wuce Cape. Spielbergen ya mutu cikin talauci a cikin 1620. Ginin da ake matukar bukata na Fort San Diego a Acapulco zai fara ne jim kadan bayan hakan domin kare tashar jirgin daga harin 'yan fashin teku.
GABA DA MULKIN SASARAN
A cikin 1621, sulhun da ake tsammani tsakanin Holland da Spain ya ƙare. Yaren mutanen Holland sun kasance a shirye don aika rundunar da suka fi karfi don bayyana a cikin Pacific, da aka sani da Jirgin Ruwa na Nassau - "Nasao" - daga yariman, mai daukar nauyinsu. Haƙiƙanin ma'anarta ita ce lalata ikon Sifen a cikin wannan tekun. Hakanan zai mamaye manyan tashoshi tare da washe biranen. Jirgin ruwan sun bar Holland a cikin 1623 dauke da abubuwa 1626 wanda shahararren janar Jacobo L. Hermite, wanda ya mutu a gabar tekun Peru ya ba da umarnin. Sannan Mataimakin Admiral Hugo Schapenham ya zama mai ba da umarni, wanda ya tsallake Fort na Acapulco, saboda Castilian ba ta karɓar buƙatun ɗan fashin da ba shi da ruwa da tanadi, don haka manyan jiragen ruwa sun ƙaura zuwa bakin teku, wanda a yau da aka sani da Pichilingue, don wadatar da kanta.
Da yake akwai ƙungiyar Spaniards da ke jiransu, dole sai Dutch ta ɗaga kai tsaye zuwa ga Zihuatanejo inda suka jira mara amfani ga “ganimar da aka daɗe ana jira”: galan ɗin da ba a san shi ba. Koyaya, wanda ake tsammani ba za'a iya cin nasara ba Nassau Fleet ya gaza cikin rashin mutunci, yana da fata mara iyaka kuma ya sanya miliyoyin florin. Zamanin masu fashin baki ya kamata ya ƙare tare da Peace of Westphalia a 1649, duk da haka, an ƙirƙiri lokacin da ake amfani da shi har abada a tarihin fashin teku da kuma cikin kalmomin Sifen.
Pacific ya daina kasancewa, a cewar marubucin tarihin Antonio de Robles (1654-172).
1685: ”Nuwamba, 1st. Wannan ranar sabuwa ta zama tana gani makiya tare da jiragen ruwa guda bakwai "" Litinin 19. Ya zo sabo da ganin jiragen ruwa ta gabar Kogin Colima na makiya kuma an yi addua "" 1 ga Disamba. Wasikun sun fito ne daga Acapulco dauke da labarai na yadda makiya suka tafi Cape Corrientes kuma sun yi kokarin shiga tashar sau biyu kuma an ki amincewa da su ”.
1686: "Fabrairu 12. Sabon ruwan inabi daga Compostela ya kori mutane suka yi nama da ruwa, suka ɗauki iyalai huɗu ko shida: suna neman fansa."
1688: "Nuwamba 26. Sabon ruwan inabi yayin da abokan gaba suka shiga Acaponeta suka ɗauki mata arba'in, kuɗi da yawa da mutane da uba daga Kamfanin da kuma wani daga La Merced."
1689: “Mayu. Ranar Lahadi 8. Sabon labari ya zo game da yadda Turawan Ingilishi suka datse kunnuwa da hanci na Uba Fray Diego de Aguilar, suna masu kira da a ceci mutanenmu da ba haka ba za su mutu ”.
Mai ba da labarin yana magana ne a cikin wannan shari'ar ga Swan da Townley 'yan fashin fina-finai na Ingilishi, wadanda suka lalata gabar tekun arewa maso yammacin New Spain a banza suna jiran wani galleon.
Yankunan tekun Pasifik, da tashar jirgin ruwanta da ƙauyukan kamun kifi koyaushe suna kewaye da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, amma ba su cimma burin da ake so ba na kama Manila Galleon har zuwa karni na gaba. Kodayake sun wawushe, sun kuma sami babban damuwa. Lokacin da suka kama jirgin Santo Rosario wanda ke ɗauke da sandunan cike da sanduna na azurfa, Ingilishi sun yi amannar cewa kwano ne kuma suka jefa su cikin jirgin. Ofayan su ta riƙe ingot a matsayin abin tunawa. Da ya dawo Ingila, ya gano cewa azurfa ce mai ƙarfi. Sun jefa fiye da fam dubu 150 na azurfa a cikin teku!
Cromwell, mashahurin "Coromuel," wanda ya kafa hedkwatarsa tsakanin La Paz da Los Cabos, a cikin Baja California, ya yi fice a tsakanin masu fashin bakin da suka bar babbar alama a wani yanki na New Spain. Sunansa ya kasance cikin iskar da ke tuna shi, "coromuel", wanda yake amfani da shi don farauta da farautar wasu attajirai ko jirgin ruwa mai daraja. Strongofar kagararsa ita ce bakin teku da ke ɗauke da sunan Coromuel, kusa da La Paz.
Cromwell ya bar ɗayan tutocin sa ko "joli roger" a cikin wannan yankin mai nisa da sihiri. A yau yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fort San Diego. Coromuel, mutumin, a ɓoye ya ɓace, ba ƙwaƙwalwar sa ba.
