A ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, an san San Blas a matsayin mafi mahimmin tashar jirgin ruwa a cikin New Spain a gabar tekun Pacific.
San Blas, a cikin jihar Nayarit, wuri ne mai dumi inda kyawawan shuke-shuke masu daɗi da kwanciyar hankali na kyawawan rairayin bakin teku ke tafiya kafada da kafada da tarihin da ya haɗu da hare-haren pan fashin teku, balaguron mulkin mallaka da yaƙe-yaƙe masu ɗaukaka. 'Yancin Mexico.
Mun isa lokacin da kararrawar coci ke ta kara daga nesa, suna sanar da taro. Dusk ya fara ne yayin da muke tafiya cikin kyawawan titinan gari masu kwalliya, muna jin daɗin faya-fayan gidajen, yayin da Rana tayi wanka, da hasken zinariya mai laushi, shuke-shuke masu launuka iri iri, tare da bougainvillea da tulips na launuka daban daban. Mun kasance cikin farin ciki da yanayin damina mai cike da yanayi mai cike da launuka da mutane abokantaka.
Cikin nishaɗi, mun lura da ƙungiyar yara yayin da suke wasan ƙwallo. Bayan wani lokaci suka zo kusa da mu suka fara "jefa mana" cikin tambayoyi kusan a tare: "Menene sunayensu? Daga ina suka fito? Har yaushe za su kasance a nan?" Sunyi magana da sauri kuma tare da maganganu da yawa wanda wani lokacin yana da wuyar fahimtar juna. Muna musu bankwana; kaɗan da kaɗan sautunan garin suka yi tsit, kuma a daren farko, kamar sauran waɗanda muka ɓata a San Blas, abin ban al'ajabi ne.
Washegari mun tafi zuwa ga wakilan yawon bude ido, kuma a can Dona Manolita ya karbe mu, wanda ya gaya mana da kirki game da abin mamakin da ɗan tarihin da aka sani a wannan wurin. Cikin girman kai ya ce: "Kuna cikin ƙasashe mafi tsufa tashar jirgin ruwa a cikin jihar Nayarit!"
KARATUN TARIHI
Na farko da aka ambata game da gabar tekun Fasifik, inda tashar jirgin ruwan San Blas take, tun daga karni na 16, a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Spain, kuma saboda mai mulkin mallaka Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán. Littattafan tarihin sa suna nuni da yankin a matsayin wurin da yake da dumbin dumbin al'adu da dumbin albarkatun kasa.
Tun daga zamanin mulkin Carlos III kuma a cikin sha'awar karfafa mulkin mallaka na Californias, Spain ta ɗauki mahimmancin kafa alamar rubutu ta dindindin don bincika waɗannan ƙasashe, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka zaɓi San Blas.
Shafin ya nuna mahimmancinsa saboda kasancewarsa mashigar ruwa mai kariya ta tsaunuka - kyakkyawan wuri mai kyau, mai dacewa don fadada shirin mulkin mallaka-, kuma saboda a yankin akwai dazuzzuka na dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi, duka cikin inganci da yawa, don kera jiragen ruwa. Ta wannan hanyar, gina tashar jirgin ruwa da filin jirgin ruwa ya fara a rabin rabin karni na 17; a cikin Oktoba 1767 an ƙaddamar da jiragen ruwa na farko zuwa cikin teku.
An yi manyan gine-gine a Cerro de Basilio; a can har yanzu kana iya ganin ragowar adankin Contaduría da Haikali na Virgen del Rosario. An ƙaddamar da tashar jiragen ruwa a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1768 kuma, da wannan, an ba da mahimmin ci gaba ga tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, bisa la'akari da ƙimar dabarar da aka ambata da kuma fitar da zinariya, dazuzzuka masu kyau da gishirin da ake so. Ayyukan kasuwanci na tashar jirgin ruwa yana da mahimmancin gaske; An kafa kwastomomi don kula da yawan fataucin kayan da ke shigowa daga sassa daban-daban na duniya; sanannun mashahuran kasar Sin ma sun iso.
Kusan lokaci guda, wakilai na farko don yin bisharar yankin Baja California, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Uba Kino da Fray Junípero Serra, waɗanda suka dawo San Blas shekaru huɗu bayan haka, a cikin 1772. Jim kaɗan bayan an amince da wannan garin a matsayin mafi mahimmin tashar jirgin ruwa da tashar jirgin ruwa mai cike da ruwa na New Spain a gabar tekun Pacific.
Tsakanin 1811 da 1812, lokacin da aka hana cinikin Mexico da Philippines da sauran ƙasashen Gabas ta tashar Acapulco, wata kasuwar baƙar fata mai ƙarfi ta faru a San Blas, wanda Viceroy Félix María Calleja ya ba da umarnin rufe shi, kodayake kasuwancinsa ya ci gaba na shekaru 50.
A yayin da Mexico ke gwagwarmayar neman 'yancinta, tashar jirgin ruwan ta ga irin bajintar da aka yi wa mulkin Spanish da fitaccen malamin nan, José María Mercado, wanda ya nuna karfin gwiwa, da karfin gwiwa da kuma wasu tsirarun mutane masu mugunta da muggan makamai. masu tayar da kayar bayan, ba tare da wata harbi ba, sannan kuma sun sanya yawan mutanen Creole da rundunar ta Spain sun mika wuya.
A shekara ta 1873 aka sake soke tashar jirgin ruwan San Blas kuma aka rufe ta zuwa zirga-zirgar kasuwanci ta shugaban wancan lokacin Lerdo de Tejada, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin cibiyar yawon bude ido da kamun kifi har zuwa yau.
SHAHIDAN WAJIBI NA BAYA MAI DARAJA
A ƙarshen Doña Manolita labarinta, mun hanzarta don ganin wuraren irin waɗannan mahimman abubuwan.
Bayan garinmu akwai gari na yanzu, yayin da muke tafiya akan tsohuwar hanyar da zata kai mu ga kangon tsohuwar San Blas.
An gudanar da lamuran kuɗaɗe a Asusun ajiyar kuɗi, kodayake kuma ana amfani da shi azaman kantin sayar da kayayyaki daga jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. An gina shi a cikin 1760 kuma ya ɗauki watanni shida don saka bangon duhu mai duhu mai duhu, ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakin da aka tanada don adana harsasai, bindigogi da bindigar bindiga (wanda aka sani da mujallar foda).
Yayin da muke tafiya cikin ginin "L" -fassarawa munyi tunani: "idan waɗannan bangon sunyi magana, yaya zasu gaya mana". Manyan tagogi masu kusurwa huɗu tare da runbunun baka sun tsaya waje ɗaya, da kuma esplanades da tsakiyar baranda, inda har yanzu ana ajiye wasu sandunan amfani da su don kare wannan muhimmin wurin. A ɗayan bangon sansanin akwai alamun rubutu da ke ishara ga José María Mercado, babban mai tsaronta.
Zaune a kan karamin farin katanga, kuma yana jingina da ɗaya daga cikin kwaruruka, a ƙafafuna akwai babban rafi mai zurfin mita 40; Panorama ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Daga wannan wurin, na sami damar lura da tashar tashar jirgin ruwa da ciyawar wurare masu zafi a matsayin babban wuri don girka kuma koyaushe yana da shuɗin Tekun Pacific. Yankin bakin teku ya ba da kyakkyawar gani tare da manyan bishiyoyi da daskararrun bishiyoyi. Lokacin da ake duban ƙasar, kore ciyayi ya ɓace har inda ido zai kai ga.
Tsohuwar Haikalin Virgen del Rosario tana da metersan mitoci daga sansanin; an gina shi tsakanin 1769 da 1788. Façade da ganuwar, wanda aka yi shi da dutse, ana tallafawa da ginshiƙai masu kauri. Budurwar da ta taɓa yin sujada a can ana kiranta "La Marinera", domin ita ce majiɓincin waɗanda suka zo wurinta don neman albarkarta a ƙasa kuma, sama da duka, a cikin teku. Waɗannan mazan mazaje sun taimaki mishaneri yayin gina wannan haikalin mulkin mallaka.
A cikin bangon cocin za ku iya ganin medallions dutse biyu da aka yi aiki a cikin bas-relief, wanda a ciki akwai sphinxes na sarakunan Spain, Carlos III da Josefa Amalia de Sajonia. A saman bangaren, baka shida suna goyan bayan vault, wasu kuma mawaƙa.
Anan ga kararrawa na tagulla wanda baƙon soyayya ɗan Amurka Henry W. Longfellow ya ambata, a cikin waƙarsa "bararrawar San Blas": "A gare ni wanda koyaushe mai gani ne ga mafarki; a gare ni cewa na rikita abin da ba gaskiya ba ne da wanda yake wanzu, kararrawa na San Blas ba kawai suna ba ne, tun da suna da ban mamaki da karar daji ”.
A kan hanyar dawowa garin, za mu je gefe ɗaya na babban dandalin inda rusassun tsoffin Kwastan na Maritime da tsohuwar Jagorar Harbor, daga farkon karni na 19 suke.
ALJANNA 'YAR GASKIYA
San Blas ya tilasta mana zama fiye da kwanaki fiye da yadda aka tsara, tunda ban da tarihinsa, ana kewaye da shi ta hanyar lalatattun wurare, lagoons, bays da mangroves, waɗanda suka cancanci ziyarta, musamman yayin lura da yawancin tsuntsayen, dabbobi masu rarrafe da sauran kwayoyin halittar da ke rayuwa a wannan aljanna mai zafi.
Ga waɗanda suke son sanin wurare marasa nutsuwa kuma suna jin daɗin kyawawan wurare, abin ambaton shine La Manzanilla bakin teku, daga inda muke da damar da za mu yaba da kyakkyawan hangen nesa na rairayin bakin teku daban na tashar jirgin ruwa.
Na farkon da muka ziyarta shine El Borrego, kilomita 2 daga tsakiyar San Blas. Wurin ya kasance cikakke don darussan tunani. Gidajen masunta kalilan ne a bakin gabar teku.
Har ila yau, muna jin daɗin bakin teku na Matanchén, kyakkyawa kyakkyawa mai tazarar kilomita 7 tsayi da faɗi 30 m; Muna iyo a cikin ruwan sanyinta, kuma, kwance akan yashi mai laushi, muna jin daɗin hasken rana .. Don kashe ƙishirwarmu, muna jin daɗin wani sabon ruwa wanda aka yi da kwakwa musamman wanda aka yanka mana.
Kusa daya daga gaba shine bakin tekun Las Islitas, wanda aka kafa ta ƙananan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa guda uku waɗanda suka rabu da juna ta hanyar dutse, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan tsibirai waɗanda ake kira San Francisco, San José, Tres Mogotes, Guadalupe da San Juan; mafaka ce ga masu fashin teku da masu lalata kayan masarufi. A cikin Las Islitas mun gano ginshiƙai da mashigai marasa iyaka inda ake nuna fure da fauna a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasa.
Har ila yau, muna ziyarci wasu yankunan rairayin bakin teku da ke kusa da San Blas, kamar Chacala, Miramar da La del Rey; na karshen, ba a san ko sunan yana nufin masarautar Spain Carlos III ko kuma ga Nayar Nayar, mayaƙin Cora, ubangijin wannan yankin kafin zuwan Sifen; Kasance hakane, wannan bakin rairayin bakin teku yana da kyau kuma, baƙon abu ne, da wuya ake yawan zuwa.
A daren da ya gabata mun je ɗayan gidajen cin abinci da yawa da ke a gaban teku, don faranta wa kanmu rai da sanannen gastronomy na tashar, kuma tsakanin ɗimbin abinci masu daɗi waɗanda aka shirya tare da kayayyakin ruwan teku, mun yanke shawara a kan tatemada smoothie, wanda muka saƙa da farin ciki mai yawa.
Yana da kyau muyi tafiya cikin natsuwa ta wannan garin Nayarit wanda ke jigilar mu zuwa abubuwan da suka gabata kuma ya bamu damar, a lokaci guda, mu dandana yanayin lardin mai dumi, da kuma more kyawawan rairayin bakin teku masu yashi mai laushi da raƙuman ruwan sanyi.
IDAN KA Je SAN SAN
Idan kun kasance a cikin babban birnin jihar Nayarit, Tepic, kuma kuna so ku isa gabar Matanchén, ɗauki babbar hanyar tarayya ko babbar hanya babu. 15, zuwa arewa, zuwa Mazatlán. Da zarar ka isa Crucero de San Blas, ci gaba yamma akan babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 74 wanda zai dauke ka, bayan kayi tafiyar kilomita 35, kai tsaye zuwa tashar San Blas a gabar Nayarit.
