Alto Amajac yana cikin wani ɓangare na gundumar Atotonilco el Grande, wanda kansa, mai irin wannan suna, ya doru a kan wani doguwar tudu mai raɓuka biyu gefensa: Rio Grande de Tulancingo da Amajac.
Hidalgo yanayi ne na bambanci. Lokacin tafiya daga wani wuri zuwa wani muna lura a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe da keɓaɓɓun shimfidar wurare, yanayi da ciyayi, waɗanda rafuka da maɓuɓɓuka da rafuka suka wadatar da su. Wannan rukunin, duk da kasancewa a tsakiyar kasar, yankin da aka fi yawan mutane kuma da ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa, har yanzu yana kiyaye wuraren buyayyar wuri, wadanda ba a san su sosai ba, wadanda suke kusa da birane da sauran wurare tare da kwararar jama'a da yawa: Gandunan Kasa.
Tsakanin tsaunukan tsaunuka na El Chico National Park, a tsakiyar dazuzzuka da danshin da yake rufe su, rafi ya fara gudana. Yana haɗuwa da minoran ƙananan raƙuman ruwa a ƙasan ramuka, waɗanda ake iya gani sosai daga saman dutsen Escondida, wanda yake da m 140 a saman rafin Los Cedros, wanda aka sani a wannan yankin. Ruwan nasa suna fadawa ta hanyar kyakkyawan ruwan Bandola, kusa da mahadar wata babbar hanya wacce ta hada babbar hanyar tarayya ta takaice zuwa Tampico tare da garuruwan Carboneras da Mineral del Chico. Daga baya halin yanzu ya ɗauki hanyar arewa, yanzu shine Kogin Bandola, wanda ya fara a cikin rafin da daga baya zai zama canyon, amma kafin shiga cikin rami ya sami ainihin sunansa: Amajac.
Alto Amajac yana cikin wani ɓangare na gundumar Atotonilco el Grande, wanda kansa, mai irin wannan suna, ya doru a kan wani doguwar tudu mai raɓuka biyu gefensa: Rio Grande de Tulancingo da Amajac. Yankin plateau ya kunshi duwatsu masu banƙyama daga lokacin Tertiary, gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi basalt, dutse mai ƙwanƙwarar dutse wanda zai iya zama ruwan dare kuma ba zai iya sha ruwa ba daga hazo. Asa mai iya wanzuwa ya kasance a arewacin Plateau na Atotonilco, inda gonar El Zoquital take. Kodayake ginshiƙan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba duk da haka ana iya bayyana, ƙasashen da za a iya lasaftawa matsala ce ta gaske ga manoma a El Zoquital lokacin da suke buƙatar adana ruwa a madatsun ruwa don ban ruwa ga gonakinsu.
Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, masu wannan gonar sun gina madatsar ruwa, amma bayan ruwan sama kuma duk da kasancewar akwai tashar abinci, ƙasar ta sha ruwan ba tare da barin wani digo ba a tafkin ba. A halin yanzu akwai gonakin da aka noma da ramuka da hanyoyin ruwa, kodayake yawancin filayen da aka keɓe don wannan amfani na ɗan lokaci ne. Hernán Cortés, a cikin Wasikun Alakarsa, ya yi rikodin abin da a cewar masana ya faru a filayen Atotonilco Plateau.
A shekara ta 1522, Otomi na Meztitlán, bayan ya amince da amana don girmamawa ga Spaniards, “ba wai kawai ya daina yin biyayyar da suka yi a baya ba ne, har ma ya yi ɓarnar da yawa ga yankin yankin, waɗanda suka kasance masu yiwa Mai Martaba Katolika fyade , kona garuruwa da dama da kashe mutane da yawa ... "
Cortés ya aika da wani kyaftin tare da "mahaya talatin da 'yan kwando ɗari, maƙwabta' yan bindiga da gunmenan bindiga the", amma lamarin bai kai ga wasu 'yan tsirarun da suka rasa rayukansu ba, kamar yadda Cortés ya nuna: "Kuma ya faranta ran Ubangijinmu cewa sun dawo cikin natsuwa kuma iyayengiji sun kawo ni, wanda na gafartawa saboda na zo ba tare da na kama su ba ”.
HACIENDAS NA ATOTONILCO
Yankin Atotonilco yana jin daɗin yanayin yanayi mai ƙarancin yanayi tare da matsakaicin yanayin shekara shekara tsakanin 14 zuwa 16 ° C, kuma tare da ruwan sama da ya bambanta daga 700 zuwa 800 mm a duk shekara. Yan asalin Otomí ne ke zaune a yankin tun kafin zamanin Hispania, kodayake yau yawancin al'adun wannan ƙabilar sun ɓace. Sunan Atotonilco ya ƙunshi kalmomin Nahua guda uku waɗanda suka ba shi ma'anar "wurin ruwan zafi", mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi da ke akwai a cikin kewayen garin.
Chichimecas ya mamaye Otomi a farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ba kafin mamaye kwarin Mexico ba saboda haɓakar Tula. Bayan ƙarni huɗu, Chichimecas ne suka miƙa wuya ga Meziko a ƙarƙashin umarnin Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, wanda ya haifar da sanya haraji mara daɗi waɗanda masu bautar suka aika zuwa Tenochtitlan. A ƙarshen yakin Spain, yan ƙasar sun sami 'yanci daga tsohuwar harajinsu, amma lokacin da Hernán Cortés ya ba da garin Atotonilco ga ɗan uwansa Pedro de Paz, an sake wajabta musu ba da gudummawar hatsi da abinci ga sabonsu hukuma.
Lokacin da Pedro de Paz ya mutu, an ba da kulawa ga Francisca Ferrer; to mallakar Pedro Gómez de Cáceres ne, wanda ya ba ɗansa Andrés de Tapia y Ferrer. Wannan karshen ya kafa Hacienda de San Nicolás Amajac, a yau ya kasu kashi biyu da aka sani da San José da EL Zoquital. Tapia y Ferrer tana karbar wasu tallafi da Viceroy Diego Fernández de Córdoba ya bayar, ta yadda a shekarar 1615 ya kasance mamallakin ha 3 511 da aka yi amfani da shi don dabbobi; ance ya tara sama da 10,000, a tsakanin sauran ƙananan kadarori.
Tsakanin 1615 da 1620, Tapia y Ferrer sun sayar da wani ɓangare mai yawa na mallakarsu ga Francisco Cortés, wanda ya zama mafi mahimmancin mallakar ƙasa a yankin, ta hanyar siyan ƙarin fili daga Miguel Castañeda, ya kai kusan kadada dubu 26. San Nicolás Amajac hacienda ya kasance daga hannu zuwa hannu har zuwa farkon karni na 19, mai ita a lokacin, Misis María de la Luz Padilla y Cervantes, ta yanke shawarar raba hekta dubu 43 na farfajiyar zuwa gida biyu don kirkirar gonaki biyu, wanda ake kira San Nicolás Zoquital. , da kuma wani San José Zoquital. A zamaninmu na farko an san shi da El Zoquital da na biyu kamar San José.
Halin zamantakewar siyasa da tattalin arziki wanda ya yi mulki a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin gwamnatin Porfirio Díaz ya kawo makoma daban daban ga kowane ɗayan yankunan. EL Zoquital ya faɗa cikin fatarar kuɗi gabaki ɗaya kuma ya shiga hannun gwamnati; A gefe guda kuma, San José ya ci gaba da ɗaukaka har zuwa lokacin rarraba kayan gona, bayan juyin juya hali, lokacin da aka siyar da ƙasashe akan kuɗi da farashi mai sauƙi. Bayan haka, manoman ƙauyukan da ke kusa da su sun sayi waɗannan kaya. Yanzu, waɗannan ƙasashen gonaki ne da aka keɓe don ƙwarewa, yayin da goro da mai sarrafa goro ke aiki a tsohuwar gonar El Zoquital.
MAJALISAR TARON SAN AGUSTÍN
Frihunan farko na Augustine da suka isa Atotonilco el Grande a 1536 sune Alonso de Borja, Gregorio de Salazar da Juan de San Martín. Addinan uku sun kula da karatun yaren 'yan ƙasar don sadarwa tare da su da kuma iya koyar da su cikin sabon addinin. Alonso de Borja ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan ya isa Atotonilco, kuma Augustine wanda ya yi wa'azi a Metztitlán, Fray Juan de Sevilla, ya maye gurbinsa. Ya fara ginin babban ramin haikalin tare da rumbunsa kuma ya sanya facet na facetsque faced a sassaƙa, inda ya bar adadi mai wakiltar asalin sunan Atotonilco; tukunya akan wuta wanda ke fitowa daga tururi.
A wannan lokacin gini na farko, wanda ya faru tsakanin 1540 da 1550, an kuma gina manya da ƙananan benaye na gidan zuhudu, waɗanda aka zana bangonsu da jigogi na addini da falsafa, kamar wanda yake a cikin matakala, inda hoton Saint Augustine ya bayyana kewaye da masana falsafa Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Cicero, Pythagoras da Seneca. Abin baƙin cikin shine wasu zane-zane sun riga sun nuna mummunan lalacewa. Mataki na biyu na gini ya ƙare a 1586, ranar da ta bayyana a rubuce a cikin mawaƙa. Fray Juan Pérez shine ke kula da kammala sauran cocin, a halin yanzu yana gefen daya na babban filin.
Plateau na Atotonilco shine share fagen zuwa wani yanki na tsaunukan panoramas, inda tuni an fara jin canjin yanayi da ciyayi bayan sun ratsa ta yankin Ma'adinai del Monte. Daga pines da oaks muna zuwa mezauites, huizaches da cacti a cikin nisan kilomita 30 ko 40 kawai.
Daga 2,080 m na tsawan mesa inda Atotonilco yake, ruwan ya ratsa cikin ƙasa don daga baya ya bayyana a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwan sulphurous, a cikin kwazazzabai masu ƙanƙan da kai, waɗanda suke zuwa ƙarshen yamma a kogin Amajac, a 1 700, 1 500, 1 300 m, ƙananan da ƙananan. A can, inda duwatsu suka yanke shawara su haɗu tare don samar da gadoji na halitta waɗanda rafuka suka huda; inda zafi yayi yawa da ciyayi kafin ruwan sama, ya wartsake.
IDAN ZAKU ZO ATOTONILCO MAI GIRMA
Highauki babbar hanya babu. 130 zuwa Pachuca. Wucewa wannan birni kilomita 34 shine garin Atotonilco.
Zuwa gonar San José: an kai ta babbar hanya babu. 105 a cikin hanyar Huejutla, kilomita bakwai a gaba, juya dama dama kan hanyar datti zuwa garin San José Zoquital, inda gonar take. Ziyarta ba abune mai sauki ba, domin yanzu haka ana zaune a ciki.
Exhacienda de El Zoquital: Hakanan, ɗauki jagoran Huejutla da nisan kilomita 10 gaba, ɗauki hagu tare da hanyar datti don isa garin El Zoquital, inda Hacienda San Nicolás Zoquital take.
