Mutanen Huastec a zamanin da sun mallaki yanki mai faɗi wanda ya rufe daga arewacin ƙasashen Veracruz zuwa arewacin Tamaulipas, kuma daga Tekun Fasha zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi na San Luis Potosí.
Wannan garin da ke bakin teku ya dace da muhallin halittu daban-daban amma ya kiyaye kawance da juna, tare da yarensu shine mafi kyawun abin sadarwa; Addininsu ya tsara al'adu da bukukuwa wanda ya haɗa su, yayin da samar da yumbu ya buƙaci dukkan maginin tukwane na duniyar Huasteco su shiga cikin yaren alama wanda aka ƙunsa a matsayin abubuwa masu ado a cikin babban China. siffofinsa, a gefe guda, sun sake kirkirar wasu nau'ikan halittun da suka dace, yana mai da hankali ga nakasawar kwanyar da ta gano mutanen nan.
Kodayake mun san cewa babu wata ƙungiya ta siyasa da ta haɗu da tsohuwar al'ummar Huasteca, wannan mutanen sun nemi a ƙauyukansu da biranensu da ƙirar ƙauyukansu, tare da abubuwan gine-ginen gine-gine, musamman tsari da fasalin gine-ginensu, suna haifar da wata alama ta duniya da al'adar da duk ƙungiyar ta amince da ita; kuma, hakika, wannan zai zama tabbataccen rukunin al'adun ta.
Tun daga shekarun farko na karni na 20, lokacin da aka fara binciken kimiyya a yankin Huastec, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano wani tsari da tsarin gine-gine wanda ya banbanta wannan rukunin daga sauran al'adun da suka bunkasa a Mesoamerica.
A cikin shekarun 1930, masanin ilmin binciken kayan tarihi Wilfrido Du Solier ya gudanar da aikin hakowa a wurare daban-daban a Huasteca na Hidalgo, musamman a Vinasco da Huichapa, kusa da garin Huejutla; A can ya tarar da cewa halayyar gine-ginen su ne tsarin madauwari na musamman da kuma yadda suke kwalliya; Wannan mai binciken ya gano cewa, a zahiri, tsoffin rahotannin matafiya wadanda suka zagaya yankin sun nuna sakamakon binciken tare da shaidar tsohuwar sana'ar, a cikin yadda aka yi tudun munduwa da tuddai da mazauna wurin suka kira "alamu"; Abin al'ajabi, bayan ƙarni da yawa, tsoffin gine-gine a cikin Huasteca sun riƙe wannan sunan, waɗanda masu nasara suka ba wa dala na Mesoamerican, ta amfani da kalma daga asalin mutanen Antilles.
A cikin San Luis Potosí, Du Solier ya binciko yankin na archaeological na Tancanhuitz, inda ya gano cewa an gina cibiyar bikin a kan wani babban dandali mai kusurwa huɗu, kuma cewa gine-ginen suna da daidaito, suna yin babban fili wanda yanayinsa, wanda ya keɓaɓɓe sosai, ya bi layin arewa maso yamma - kudu maso gabas. Tsarin bene na gine-ginen ya banbanta, a dabi'ance ya mamaye madafun iko; har ma dayansu shine mafi tsayi. Masanin ilmin kimiyar kayan tarihin ya kuma gano wasu dandamali masu kusurwa huɗu tare da zagaye zagaye da kuma wasu gine-gine masu ban sha'awa, tare da madaidaiciyar façade da lankwasa baya.
Lokacin da mai bincikenmu ya kasance a Tamposoque, a cikin wannan jiha, abubuwan da ya gano sun tabbatar da kasancewar gine-gine ta hanyoyi daban-daban; abin da ya bambanta kuma ya ba da fifiko ga kowane gari shi ne rarraba gine-ginen. A cikin wannan yankin, an lura cewa magina sun nemi hangen nesa na wurare masu tsarki, wanda ke faruwa yayin da aka gina ayyukan gine-ginen a kan dandamali.
Tabbas, mazaunan Tamposoque sun daidaita wani katafaren dandamali mai tsayin mita 100 zuwa 200, wanda ya daidaita daga yamma zuwa gabas, ta hakan ya nuna cewa an gudanar da bukukuwa da bukukuwa mafi mahimmanci a hanyar faduwar rana. A ƙarshen yamma na wannan matakin gini na farko, masu zanen gini sun gina wani ƙaramin tsayi, mai faɗin murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu tare da zagaye zagaye, wanda matakan shigarsa ya kai ga inda rana take fitowa; A gabanta, wasu dandamali madauwari guda biyu suna yin filin al'ada.
A saman wannan dandamali na farko, magina sun ɗaga wani wanda ya fi tsayi, tare da shirin da yake da murabba'i biyu, mita 50 a kowane gefe; Babban matattakalar hawarsa ta tsallake zuwa yamma kuma an tsara ta da sansanoni biyu na pyramidal tare da shirin zagaye, tare da matakan da aka ba da hanya guda; Waɗannan gine-ginen dole ne su goyi bayan gidajen ibada masu ruɗi tare da rufin kwano. Lokacin da kuka sami damar zuwa ɓangaren sama na faɗin dandamali masu faɗi, za ku sami ɗayan nan da bagade na bikin, kuma zuwa ƙasan za ku ga kasancewar wasu ginshiƙai tare da madaidaiciyar façade da ɓangaren baya mai lankwasa, gabatar da matakalar sa tare da wannan rinjayen shugabanci zuwa yamma. A kan waɗannan gine-ginen dole ne akwai gidajen ibada, ko dai rectangular ko madauwari: Panorama dole ne ya kasance mai ban sha'awa.
Daga binciken da Dokta Stresser Péan ya yi shekaru da yawa daga baya a shafin Tantoc, kuma a San Luis Potosí, an san cewa siffofin da ke nuna gumakan suna cikin tsakiyar murabba'ai, a kan dandamali a gaban matakan manyan tushe, inda aka yi sujada a fili. Abun takaici, kamar yadda ya faru tare da mafi yawan waɗannan siffofin da aka sassaka a cikin duwatsun sandstone, waɗanda masu kallo da masu tattarawa suka cire waɗanda ke Tantoc ɗin daga asalin shafin su, ta yadda idan ana kallon su a ɗakunan gidan kayan gargajiya, haɗin kan da yakamata ya samu a cikin zane ya lalace. na tsarkakakken gine-ginen Huasteco duniya.
Ka yi tunanin bayyanar da ɗayan waɗannan ƙauyukan zai kasance a lokacin manyan shagulgulan lokacin saukar damina, da kuma lokacin da ibadun da suka fi son yalwar ɗabi'a suka ba da 'ya'yansu.
Jama'a gabaɗaya sun tafi babban filin gari; yawancin mazaunan sun rayu warwatse a cikin filaye da ƙauyuka kusa da koguna ko kusa da teku; A lokacin, labarai na babban biki yana ta bazuwa ta hanyar magana da baki kuma kowa yana shirin shiga cikin bikin da aka daɗe ana jira.
A cikin garin komai ya kasance aiki, maginan sun gyara bangon gine-gine masu alfarma ta amfani da farar faranta, kuma sun rufe hawayen da ƙyallen da iska da zafin rana suka samar. Wani rukuni na masu zane-zane sun ba da kansu don yin ado da kayan wasan kwaikwayon na firistoci da siffofin gumakan, a kan wurin ibada na al'ada wanda zai nuna wa mutane kyaututtukan da lambobin alfarma suka bayar ga duk masu bautar da suka cika abubuwan sadaka a kan lokaci.
Wasu mata sun kawo furanni masu kamshi daga filin, da sauran abubuwan wuya na kwasfa ko kyawawan abubuwa masu kyau wadanda aka yi su da sassan sassan katantanwa, wanda a ciki ne aka wakilta hotunan gumaka da ayyukan rahama da aka sassaka a ciki.
A cikin babban dala, mafi girma, idanun mutane sun ja hankalin sautin katantanwar da samari mayaƙan ke fitarwa a hankali; braziers, ana kunnawa dare da rana, yanzu sun sami copal, wanda ya ba da hayaƙin wari wanda ke rufe yanayin. Lokacin da sautin katantanwa ya daina, babban sadaukarwar wannan ranar zai faru.
Yayin da ake jiran babban bikin, mutane sun yi ta yawo cikin dandalin, uwaye suna ɗaukar childrena theiransu suna tafiya kuma yara kanana suna kallon duk abin da ya faru a kusa da su. Mayakan, tare da kwalliyar kwalliyar da ke rataye a hancinsu, manyan kunnen kunnensu da raunin fuska da jikinsu, sun ja hankalin samari, wadanda suka ga shugabanninsu, masu kare ƙasarsu a cikinsu, kuma sun yi mafarkin ranar da za su kuma sami daukaka a yaƙin da suke yi da abokan gaba, musamman ga ƙiyayya ta Mexico da ƙawayenta, waɗanda lokaci zuwa lokaci suke faɗuwa kamar tsuntsayen ganima kan ƙauyukan Huastec don neman fursunoni da za su kai zuwa garin Tenochtitlan mai nisa .
A tsakiyar bagade na dandalin akwai sassaka gumakan allahntaka wanda ke kula da kawo danshi, kuma tare da shi yalwar gonaki; Adadin wannan lambar yana ɗauke da ƙwaryaron masarar itacen girki a bayansa, saboda haka duk garin suka kawo kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka don alherin allah.
Kowa ya san cewa lokacin rani ya ƙare lokacin da iskoki masu zuwa daga bakin teku, suka motsa ta aikin Quetzalcóatl, suka sha gaban hadari tare da ruwan sama mai tamani; A lokacin ne lokacin da yunwa ta ƙare, gonakin masara suka yi girma kuma sabon zagaye na rayuwa ya nuna wa mutane cewa ƙaƙƙarfan dangantakar da ke tsakanin mazaunan duniya da alloli, waɗanda suka kirkiresu, ba za a taɓa karya su ba.
