Gwanayen gaske na aiki a cikin dutse, yumbu ko takarda, Mayan sun sami nasarar kamawa a cikin waɗannan abubuwan tallafi kuma a cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi, tunaninsu na ban mamaki game da mutum da duniya. Gano!
White Pizote zai gama ƙarshen rufin ƙarshen haikalin da aka keɓe don Kinich Ahau, Babban Ubangijin Hasken rana, Sun Sunan Allah, wanda Garkuwan Jaguar l na Yaxchilán zai buɗe. A kan farfajiyar (wanda aka bayyana a yau mai shekaru 26) ya ce an nuna mai mulkin a lokacin da ya karba daga matarsa, Misis Xoc, daga tsatson Calakmul, kan jaguar, alama ce ta mai mulki da allahn rana wanda ya bayyana kansa da shi. da garkuwar rectangular wacce ta nuna shi jarumi ne. Sauran zane-zane na haikalin an sassaka su ta ƙungiyar masu zane daga bitar Pizote Blanco, duka ɗauke da sa hannun sanannen mai sassaka.
Masu zanen gini, yayin haka, sun goge bangon dutse domin masu zanen su fara aikin su; Zasu kawata ciki na haikalin da takardu masu launi na shagulgulan addini, a karkashin kallon allahntaka. Duk abin ya zama ya shirya da rana 1 Imix 9 Kankin.
Mayans sun haɓaka fasaha mai ban mamaki da zane-zane, wanda ke da alaƙa da gine na wuraren da aka gudanar da ibada ta addini kuma an mai da hankali kan ayyukan siyasa. An gina gine-ginen ne da ƙwanƙolin duwatsu kuma an lulluɓe su da yashi na stucco ko kuma da duwatsu masu gogewa.
Gabaɗaya an daidaita gine-ginen ne zuwa ga mahimman bayanai da kuma hanyoyin taurari, kuma rukunin yanar gizon da aka zaɓa don gina biranen sun gabatar da halaye irin na ƙasa waɗanda a gare su suke da kyawawan halaye. Wuraren bukukuwa, waɗanda galibi akan same su a tsakiyar manyan biranen, an gina su azaman ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke nuna manyan sararin samaniya: sama, ƙasa da lahira.
Baya ga gine-gine da sassaka, ban mamaki fentin tukwane da kananan abubuwa da yawa, kamar su kayan kwalliyar jaka, kayan kwalliya da na kwalliya, da duwatsu da ayyukan itace, da zane-zanen yumbu, gami da sanannun ayyukan fasaha.
Wani keɓaɓɓen fasaha na Mayan shine nau'ikan salo iri-iri, waɗanda ke ba da damar cin gashin kai na siyasa na jihohin-birni. Kamar dai yadda ba a taɓa yin siyasa ba, babu wani kayan aiki na hukuma, amma babban 'yanci na kirkira, har ma a cikin birni ɗaya. Koyaya, akwai wasu keɓaɓɓu na musamman, duka na tsarin gine-gine, masu fasali da jigo, waɗanda ke ba mu damar magana game da “Mayan art” kuma hakan ya bambanta shi da na sauran mutanen Mesoamerican.
Da zane-zane Ya ƙunshi musamman daga ɓoye ko manyan ɗakunan dutse, waɗanda aka ɗaga a cikin murabba'ai, ko na bangarori ko duwatsun kabari waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin ginin. A cikin yankin tsakiyar wannan fasaha ana bayyana ta da siffofi masu taushi da mara jan hankali, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga yanayi, kuma da haƙiƙanin wakilci na mutumtaka, wanda koyaushe yana da mahimmanci kuma mai bayyanawa. A yankin arewacin, akasin haka, a mafi yawan wurare mun sami siffofin sifofi iri-iri, waɗanda ke nuna alamun allahntaka da mutane, dabbobi da tsire-tsire, kodayake akwai keɓaɓɓu, kamar su farfajiyar zuƙowa ta musamman ta Ek Balam, tare da bayyana da kuzari siffofin “mala’iku” waɗanda aka yi su a zagaye, suna canza wasu abubuwa daban daban. Hakanan Mayans sun yi gumaka da yawa na mutum-mutumi, da yawa daga cikinsu kyawawan ayyukan ƙira ne, kamar waɗanda suke kan Tsibirin Jaina, wanda ke gefen tekun Campeche.
A art art, wanda aka fi bayyana a cikin zane-zane da zane-zane, wuraren ba da labari da kuma ado na alama sun fi yawa, ana aiwatar da su tare da fasahohi iri-iri. Daga cikin launukan da ake amfani da su, abin da ake kira “Mayan shuɗi” ya fito fili, wanda aka samu tare da indigo (launin asalin tsirrai) haɗe da yumɓu, wanda ya ba shi launuka daban-daban. Launin shuɗi alama ce mai tsarki a gare su.
Ta hanyar wakiltar kansa a cikin fasahar filastik, mutumin Mayan ya bayyana ra'ayinsa game da kyau, mutunci da girman ɗan adam, wanda yake ɗauka a matsayin tushen sararin samaniya, mai bautar gumaka kuma, don haka, mai alhakin kasancewar dukkan halittu. A cikin sata, da duwatsu masu duwatsu da manyan duwatsu na manyan biranen gargajiya, an nuna mutumin a yanayinsa na mai mulki, cibiya da kuma ta saman gari ta wurin dokar Allah; Muna ganinsa ya kasance tare da gumakan, ɗauke da hotunansu a cikin tufafi, a kan hannuwansa ko kuma a cikin hannayensa, kamar yadda yake a kan dutse a Copán; An nuna shi cikin yanayin jarumi da nasara, ɗauke da makamansa kuma yana wulakanta waɗanda aka ci, kamar yadda yake a cikin kayan agaji na Toniná da cikin zane-zanen Bonampak; Ya bayyana a matsayinsa na mai bautar gumaka, yin sadaukarwa da kuma cika ka'idojin farawa wanda ya sanya shi shaman, da kuma ayyukan ba da jininsa da maniyyinsa, kamar yadda yake a cikin kabarin kabilun ƙungiyar Las Crosses na Palenque da kan sassan Yaxchilán.
Hakanan muna ganin mazaje na gari a bangarori daban-daban na rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum, suna aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban; a cikin girmanta da wahalarta, cikin yanayin mutuwarsa, kamar yadda a cikin tukwane da kuma abin birgewa yumbu mutum-mutumi da Tsibirin Jaina. Fuskokin mutane, hotunan takamaiman maza, suna canzawa tare da hotunan halittu masu tsarki kuma tare da alamomi da yawa akan ginshiƙan haikalin da sauran gine-gine. Kuma a cikin dukkan hotunan mutum Mayan sun sami cikakkiyar ma'amala da kuzari, ƙwarewa mai ban mamaki da kyakkyawa mara misaltuwa, waɗanda suka fi shahara a cikin fasahar kere-kere ta yankin kogin Usumacinta da Palenque. Fuskokin suna sassaka da ladabi mai laushi da sauƙi, suna bayyana ruhaniya, rayuwar ciki da jituwa da duniya; jikuna suna ɗaukar sifofin halitta da motsi kuma akwai kulawa da kyau game da hannaye da ƙafa, waɗanda kuma suke da ma'ana sosai. Saboda waɗancan halaye da kuma keɓaɓɓen wurin da wakilcin ɗan adam yake da shi a cikin fasahar roba da kuma a cikin tunaninta na addini wanda aka bayyana a cikin tatsuniyoyi, za mu iya cewa Mayans mutane ne na mutane masu kyan gani na duniyar Mesoamerican.
Babban misali na tunani da wakilcin mutum, harma da tunanin juna biyu wanda ya mamaye dukkan tunanin Mayan, sune shuwagabannin stucco masu daraja waɗanda aka samo a ƙarƙashin sarcophagus na Pacal a Palenque, wataƙila hotunan mai mulki da nasa matar, wacce ta kasance tare da ruhun mai girma ubangiji a kan hanyar sa zuwa rashin mutuwa.
