Yawancin kogwanni, koguna da ramuka a kudu maso yamma na Tamaulipas sanannu ne don wadataccen arziki da bambancin dabbobinsu, tare da samun ƙimar ɗan adam da kayan tarihi, kamar yadda wasu ke ƙunshe da muhimman abubuwan tsohuwar mutanen da ke zaune a yankin.
Yawancin kogwanni, kogwanni da rami a kudu maso yamma na Tamaulipas sanannu ne don wadataccen arziki da bambancin faunarsu, tare da samun ƙimar ilimin ɗan adam da na kayan tarihi, kamar yadda wasu ke ƙunshe da muhimman abubuwan al'adun mutanen da suka rayu a yankin.
KOGON ABRA DA GRUTA DE QUINTERO
Wadannan kogunan biyun na Sierra del Abra ko Cucharas babu shakka sune sanannu kuma aka fi ziyarta a cikin gundumomin Antiguo Morelos da El Mante saboda kusancinsu da manyan biranen birni da kuma sauƙin samunsu. Wurin shafukan yanar gizo duka an ba da izinin, shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, ayyukan hakar ma'adinai don cire guano da phosphorite, saboda haka an canza asalin yanayinsu. Gyarawa ya kasance mafi mahimmanci kuma ba za a iya sakewa a cikin Gruta de Quintero ba, inda yawancin kayan adon dutse ya lalace ta hanyar injin da aka yi amfani da shi.
A cikin kofofin biyu, baƙi sun lalata kogon ta hanyar cire wasu sassan stalactites da stalagmites a matsayin abubuwan tunawa da kuma barin tarihin ziyarar su a bango, suna lalata cikin secondsan daƙiƙu abin da yanayi ya ɗauki dubban shekaru da su sassaka. Koyaya, Cueva del Abra abin birgewa ne saboda girman sa. A ƙarshen babbar hanyar shiga ta tsawon mita 180, hasken rana wanda aka saukar da sashi na tsaye 116 a wani ɓangare, a karo na farko, ta cavers daga San Antonio, Texas, a 1956. A cikin Quintero Gruta, 500 m na hanyar wucewa ta ƙasa da lura da fauna masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke zaune a ciki. Da yamma, an ga mulkin mallaka na dubunnan jemagu na kwari (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana ko Mexico coludo bat) ana fitowa don ciyarwa a cikin kewayen.
KOGON HAIHUWA
Wurin yawon shakatawa daidai da kyau na gundumar El Mante shine El Nacimiento, tare da yanayi mai ban sha'awa inda kogin Mante ke gudana daga kogo a ƙasan dutsen da ke ƙasan Sierra del Abra. Kogon Haihuwa, ɗayan ɗayan manyan koguna masu ambaliyar ruwa a duniya, sanannu ne a ƙasashen duniya ga Sheck Exley, wanda ya karya bayanan ruwa biyu a cikin zurfin lokacin da a cikin 1989 ya sauka cikin kogon. Ruwan da suka taso daga wannan bazara sune tushen wadatar mazaunan Ciudad Mante da kuma ban ruwa ga filayen ciyawa waɗanda ke ciyar da masana'antar sukari ta cikin gida.
SAURAN BATSA A CIKIN SIERRA DE CUCHARAS
Sauran muhimman kogunan da ke gundumar Antiguo Morelos su ne kogon Pachón, Florida da Tigre, na farko shi ne na babbar masaniyar kimiyya, tunda a ciki akwai wani tafki a karkashin kasa wanda a ciki akwai makauniyar kifi daga jinsin Astyanax.
A wurin haduwar garuruwan Mante, Ocampo da Gómez Farías, a ƙarshen gabashin Kogin Servilleta, akwai kusan koguna shida, galibinsu ba su da ci gaba; Dangane da abubuwan da aka zana a jikin bangon da ke ciki, wataƙila tsoffin Indiyawan Huastec waɗanda suka yi amfani da su ne suka yi amfani da su a kan kogin Comandante. Can gaba kadan a cikin arewa, a cikin garin Gómez Farías da kuma gabashin gabashin tsaunukan, mun sami kyawawan ramuka masu ban sha'awa kusa da Plan de Guadalupe ejido; Daga cikin wadannan, Kogon Zapata shi ne wanda aka fi ziyarta kuma mai kayatarwa, tun da babbar hanyar da ke karkashin kasa ta ratsa wani yanki na tsaunin da aka haskaka da rana ta hasken rana uku da aka rarraba a kan hanya. A cikin sauran kogon akwai alamun yumbu da kuma zane-zanen kogo da yawa.
A cikin yankin tsaunuka na El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, kogin Agua, Infiernillo, La Mina da La Capilla sun yi fice; na biyun farko, a kusa da San José ejido, ana nuna su da girman ɗakunan su da kyawun tsarin ma'adinan su, dayan biyun ta hanyar bambancin ban mamaki na dabbobin su na troglobian.
NEMA CIKIN KAMFANIN TAMAULIPECAS
Kogin Los Portales da Romero, waɗanda suke a yankin Infiernillo Canyon, su ne kogwannin da ke da darajar darajar ɗan adam da kuma kayan tarihi a yankin. Su Javier Romero da Juan Valenzuela, mambobin sabuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology da Tarihi ta lokacin ne suka bincika su a cikin 1937, kuma a cikin 1954 da Richard S. MacNeish da David Kelly, membobin National Museum of Canada. A yayin wadannan ziyarorin guda biyu, an ciro ragowar mutane (mummies), abubuwa masu yalwar fiber, samfurin masara, wake, squash, tukwane da tukwane. Karatun MacNeish da Kelly ya bayyana cewa zamanin al'adu na farko, lokacin jahannama, ya koma 6500 BC.
Kammalawa
Baya ga haɗarin da ke tattare da binciken kogo ko shinge, wannan aiki ne mai matuƙar fa'ida da ban sha'awa wanda za mu iya yi cikin aminci idan muna da isassun bayanai da kayan aikin da suka dace. Waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon sun cancanci girmamawa har ila yau da kowane irin yanayi, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa na kwaikwayi aƙidar cavers da shawarwarin mashahurin mai binciken nan na ƙasar Mexico, Carlos Lazcano Sahagún: “Idan muka ziyarci rami, abin da kawai muke ɗauka shi ne hotuna, abin da kawai muke barin shi. Su ne bugun kafafunmu, kuma abin da kawai muke kashewa shine lokaci. Muna son wadanda suka ziyarci kogwannin da muka kasance a baya su gan su kamar yadda muka gan su: ba tare da shara ba, ba tare da rubutu ba, ba tare da yanke jiki ba, ba tare da kwasar ganima ba; bari su ji cewa suna gano sabon abu ”.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 303 / Mayu 2002
