Masu magana da yaren Huasteca sun ƙirƙira, tun daga zamanin farko, wata muhimmiyar al'ada ta al'ada wacce ta banbanta su da sauran mutanen da ke zaune a gabacin Hispanic Mexico.
Sun zaba a matsayin mazauninsu na arewacin babban yankin da ake kira Gulf Coast. Wannan kwatancen daidai ne idan muka ɗauka a matsayin iyaka, zuwa kudu, kogin Cazones —Veracruz - kuma, zuwa arewa, kogin Soto la Marina —Tamaulipas—; ta gabas tana iyaka da Tekun Mexico kuma zuwa yamma ta zo ne don mamaye mahimman yankuna na jihohin San Luis Potosí, Querétaro da Hidalgo na yanzu.
Idan muka fara rangadin wannan kusurwar ta Meziko za mu sami manyan yankuna hudu na muhalli: bakin teku, filin bakin teku, filayen da tsaunuka, kowannensu yana da halaye irin na ciyayi da yanayi. Duk da wannan bambancin yanayin kasa, muna godiya da cewa Huastecos sun dace daidai da kowane mahalli, suna samun albarkatu don yanayin rayuwar su. A yankuna huɗu da suka bar shaidu, wanda aka fi sani da yawancin tuddai masu wucin gadi waɗanda sanannun sunan su a yankin shine "alamu".
A cewar masana ilimin harshe, abin da ake kira Protomaya ilimin harshe zai kasance an ƙirƙira shi shekaru dubu da yawa da suka wuce, wanda daga nan ne duk yaren Mayan da Huastec za su samu. Wannan batun ya haifar da tattaunawa da yawa da hanyoyin tattaunawa. Wasu na ganin cewa waɗanda suka fara zama a mazaunin su na yanzu sune Huastecos, daga baya kuma Mayan suka biyo baya, kuma cewa gadar dake tsakanin su biyu ta lalace wasu ƙarni kaɗan ta hanyar harshe da al'adun Nahuas kuma, galibi , na Totonacs, waɗanda kuma suka mamaye gabar tekun Veracruz.
Kamar sauran mutanen Mesoamerican, Huastec sun haɓaka al'adunsu bisa ga haɗakar tattalin arziki wanda asalinsu shine noma sosai akan masara da sauran kayan lambu, kamar wake da squash. Daidai ne a cikin Sierra de Tamaulipas inda masanin ilimin tarihi Richard Mac Neish ya samo a cikin wasu kogo shaidar shaidar juyin halitta a cikin gida da noman masara, wanda ke nuna cewa mai yiwuwa ne a yankin Huasteca inda tsoffin Indiyawa ke da masara a karon farko. kamar yadda muka san shi a yau.
Daga nazarin ilimin archaeological mun sani cewa manoma na farko, mai yiwuwa daga zuriyar Otomí, sun zauna a gabar Kogin Pánuco tare da al'adun gargajiya wanda ya fara tun kusan 2500 BC. Farawa, wataƙila, daga 1500 BC, Huastecos sun iso, waɗanda suka gina ɗakuna masu sauƙi na laka da bajereque. Sun kuma yi ɗakuna da yawa na yumɓu mai wuta, waɗanda aka haɗu da su ta al'adun yumbu; wadanda suka dace da wannan farkon lokacin sun sami taken Pavón phase. Wannan rukunin rukuni na jan ko farin kwanten wanka wanda ke da kayan kwalliya wanda siffofinsu suka yi daidai da tukwane da ke jikinsu ko kuma ga tukwanen da ke jikinsu a cikin siffofin abin da ake kerawa ko ɓangarorin da suke tuno da siffar gourds ɗin nan da nan.
Baya ga wadannan tukwanen da suka hada kayan kwalliyar da ake kira "ci gaban karfe", muna da kayan farin "farin ci gaba", inda mafi mahimmancin sifofi su ne faranti na kasa-kasa wadanda adonsu ya kunshi naushi ne bisa da'irar da aka yi, ga alama, ta amfani da reeds.
A lokacin al'adar kera tukwanen zamani, masu sana'ar Huastec sun kera gumaka da yawa wadanda wani bangare ne na babbar al'adar Mesoamerican amma wadanda aka banbanta da idanuwansu masu wuyan fahimta, masu kawuna da goshi masu kwarjini sosai wanda ke nuni da yanayin nakasassu da aka aikata. tun a zamanin farko kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta, hannaye da ƙafa ƙanana ne ko kuma da alama sun bayyana a cikin duka.
Ga Román Piña Chán, al'adun Huasteca na gaskiya sun fara kusan 200 BC. A lokacin masu magana da wannan yaren sun riga sun mamaye wani yanki na Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro da Veracruz, kuma duk da cewa ba su taɓa girka babbar ƙungiyar siyasa ba, yarensu da al'adunsu sun ba su haɗin kan muhimmancin da suke fuskanta. na farko Nahuas sannan Sifaniyanci kuma daga wacce ta sami tsira daga kabilun wannan zamani.
Masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun ba da shawarar cewa al'adun gargajiyar Huasteca na zamanin Hispanic sun kasu kashi shida ko kuma matakai wadanda za a iya gano su ta hanyar bambancin da kayayyakin yumbu da aka ce mutane suka sha. Abubuwan al'adun da suka dace da wannan juyin sune: Tsarin Nauyi na sama daga 0 zuwa 300 AD, da Classic, wanda aka tsara daga 300 zuwa 900 AD, da Postclassic, wanda ya ƙunshi daga 900 zuwa 1521. Kamar yadda wannan evolutionan canjin yumbu ya kasance a bayyane yake a cikin Yankin Pánuco, ana kiran waɗannan matakan da sunan kogi.
A lokacin Tsarin Tsarin zamani ko na ƙarshen zamanin (100 zuwa 300 AD) shine lokacin da cigaban al'adun Huasteca ya fara, bisa ga al'adun farko na yumbu, kuma daga nan ne maginin tukwane ke bayyana tukwanen "Black Prisco", wanda ya haɗa da faranti na silhouette mai ɗorewa, kwanuka masu sauƙi tare da tsagi, da faranti na almara da tasoshin da aka yi wa ado da abin da ake kira fasahar fresco. Har ila yau, muna da "Pánuco gris" yumbu, wanda siffofinsa suka yi daidai da tukwane tare da allon baƙaƙe da tukwane waɗanda aka yi wa ado da fasahar buga yadi; kusa da wadannan akwai wasu sanannen farin farin taliya wadanda fasalinsu mai girma ya kunshi dogaye ko abin hannu.
