Koyi game da rayuwar wannan matar da ta taimaki mutanen Lacandon da kuma game da wani gidan kayan gargajiya na musamman a Chiapas.
Aikin daukar hoto mai tsananin gaske da Gertrude Duby Blom ta aiwatar tsawon shekaru 40 ya zama shaida ga tarihin mutanen Lacandon a gidan tarihin Na Bolom, kuma an danganta sunanta da wannan ƙabilar. Babban damuwarsa shine ya taimaka ya kare rayuwar Lacandon da daji, saboda haka sanin waye Trudy, kamar yadda ƙawayenta suka kira ta, tafiya ce mai ban sha'awa cikin tarihin wannan karnin.
Tarihin rayuwar wannan mace kyakkyawa kamar ya zama labari. Rayuwarsa ta fara ne lokacin da guguwar iska a Turai ta fara faɗaɗa tashin hankali wanda ya kai kololuwa da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.
Gertrude Elizabeth Loertscher an haife ta ne a Bern, wani gari a cikin Swiss Alps, a 1901 kuma ta mutu a Na Bolom, gidanta a San Cristóbal de Ias Casas, Chiapas, a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1993.
Yaro ya wuce shuru a Wimmis, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin wazirin Cocin Furotesta; Lokacin da ya dawo Bern, har yanzu yana matashi, ya zama aboki da maƙwabcinsa, Mista Duby, wanda ke aiki a matsayin jami'in jirgin ƙasa, kuma a lokaci guda ya riƙe matsayin babban sakatare na ofungiyar Ma'aikatan Jirgin Ruwa na Switzerland. Wannan mutumin shine wanda ya gabatar da ita cikin dabarun gurguzu; Tare da dan Mista Duby, mai suna Kurt, ya shiga cikin sahun 'yan Socialist na Switzerland lokacin da bai kai shekara 15 ba. Bayan karatun noman lambu, ya koma Zurich inda ya halarci kujerar aikin zamantakewar. A cikin 1920, ya shiga cikin ɗalibi a kafuwar Youthungiyar Matasan gurguzu kuma ya fara aikinsa na ɗan jarida, yana yin rubuce-rubuce ga jaridun gurguzu Tagwacht, daga Bern, da Volksrecht, daga Zurich.
Tun yana dan shekara 23, ya yanke shawarar yin balaguro a kokarinsa na gabatar da rahoto ga jaridun Switzerland game da yunkurin gurguzu a wasu sassan Turai. A cikin 1923 ta zauna a Ingila, kuma ta zauna a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa tare da dangin Quaker. Ya fara tattaunawa sosai da intenseungiyar Labour ta Ingila, inda ya sami damar haɗuwa da George Bernard Shaw, da sauransu.
Da niyyar koyon yaren Italiyanci, ya yi tafiya zuwa Florence; An ba da ita ga gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'umma, ta ci gaba da aikinta na ɗan jarida kuma tana shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin adawa da fascist. A shekara ta 1925 an kama ta tare da wasu masu ra'ayin gurguzu, kuma bayan doguwar tambayoyi na tsawon awa biyar, an tsare ta na mako guda kuma aka tura ta kan iyakar Switzerland. Kurt Duby na jiran ta a can, daga inda suke tafiya ta jirgin kasa zuwa Bern; isowarta, jama'a ne suka yi mata maraba da jan tutoci da take. Bayan abin da ya faru, iyalinta, tare da ra'ayoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ba za su ƙara yarda da ita ba.
'Yan kwanaki bayan zuwansu, Trudy da Kurt sun yi aure. Za ta ɗauki sunan mahaɗa Duby tsawon rayuwarta, tunda kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan za ta ɗauki na mijinta na biyu. Wataƙila saboda azabar da ƙin iyayen ya haifar ko kuma girmamawa ga mahaifin Kurt, koda bayan rabuwa da shi, ta ci gaba da amfani da sunan mahaifinsa. Bayan sun auri Kurt, dukansu suna aiki a cikin Social Democratic Party. Bambancin siyasa da na sirri ya taso a tsakanin su wanda ya kai su ga rabuwa a shekara ta uku da aure. Ta yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa Jamus, inda aka buƙata ta a matsayin mai magana. Kurt ya ci gaba da harkokin siyasa kuma ya zama sanannen memba na Majalisar Switzerland kuma alkalin Kotun Koli na Adalci.
A Jamus, Gertrude Duby memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis; jim kaɗan bayan haka, ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin halin yanzu wanda zai kafa Socialist Workers Party. A cikin Janairu 1933, Jamus ta fara Calvary: an zaɓi Hitler a matsayin Shugaba. Gertrude, da ke hana fitarta, ta auri wani bajamushe abokin tarayya don samun ɗan ƙasa. Koda hakane, ta fito a cikin jerin bakake kuma yan sandan Nazi suna farautar ta. Dole ne ya kasance cikin zama a ɓoye, yana sauya wurare kowane dare, amma aikinsa na la'antar mulkin kama-karya bai tsaya ba kuma jaridun Switzerland suna karɓar labaransa kowace rana. Rahoton aikawa daga wurare daban-daban, koyaushe tare da 'yan sanda a bayan ta. A ƙarshe, don barin Nazi na Jamus, ya sami fasfo na ƙarya wanda ya ba shi izinin ƙetarewa zuwa Faransa, inda ya yi shekara biyar yana yaƙi mai ƙarfi na yaƙi da mulkin fascism.
Saboda shaharar da ta yi a matsayinta na mai gwagwarmayar zamantakewar jama'a, ya sa aka kira ta zuwa Paris don shiga cikin kungiyar gwagwarmayar yaki da yaki da Fascism ta Duniya, tunda farkon yakin ya yi kama da haka kuma ya zama wajibi a yi duk mai yiwuwa don dakatar da shi. Ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a 1939 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar World Congress of Women Against War. Ya dawo Paris lokacin da wauta irin ta yaƙi ta fara. Faransa ta fada cikin matsin lambar Jamusawa kuma tana ba da umarnin kame dukkan mayaka masu kyamar Fascist wadanda ba Faransawa ba. Ana tsare da Gertrude a wani sansanin kurkuku a kudancin Faransa, amma abin farin cikin shi ne gwamnatin Switzerland ta gano kuma ta fara kokarin ganin an sake ta, wanda ta cimma bayan watanni biyar bayan daukar Trudy zuwa kasarta ta asali. Da zarar ya je Switzerland, ya yanke shawarar warware auren Bajamushe don haka ya dawo da fasfon na Switzerland, wanda ya ba shi damar zuwa Amurka don shirya gidauniya ga ’yan gudun hijira daga yaƙin.
A cikin 1940, tare da sauran 'yan gudun hijirar, dimokiradiyya, masu ra'ayin gurguzu,' yan gurguzu, da yahudawa, ya yi hijira zuwa Mexico kuma ya yi alwashin ba zai shiga cikin siyasar Mexico ba, kodayake kai tsaye a matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, a wata hanyar da ya yi. Ta sadu da Sakataren Labour na lokacin, wanda ya dauke ta aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida da ma'aikaciyar jin dadin jama'a; Aikinta shi ne nazarin aikin mata a masana'antu, wanda hakan ke jagorantar ta zuwa jihohin arewa da tsakiyar Jamhuriyar Mexico. A cikin Morelos ya kulla hulɗa da mujallar Zapatistas, waɗanda matan da suka yi yaƙi tare da Janar Zapata suka shirya, kuma suka haɗa kai da rubuce-rubucensu.
A wannan lokacin ne ya sayi kamarar Agfa Standard akan $ 50.00 daga wani Bajamushe ɗan cirani mai suna Blum, wanda ya ba shi wasu ƙididdiga na asali game da amfani da injin ɗin kuma ya koya masa dabarun da ba shi da kyau. Dalilin da ya sa ta daukar hoto ba ta kasance ta asali ba, tunda har yanzu ruhin fada nata ya kasance: ta ga daukar hoto a matsayin kayan aikin bayar da rahoto, saboda haka babbar sha'awar da ta taso mata. Ba zai sake barin kyamararsa ba.
A cikin 1943, ya yi balaguro zuwa ziyarar farko ta gwamnati zuwa dajin Lacandon; Aikinsa shi ne adana tafiya tare da hotuna da rubutun aikin jarida. Wannan tafiye-tafiye da aka tanadar masa don gano wasu sabbin soyayya guda biyu a rayuwarsa: na farko wadanda za su kasance sabbin danginsa, 'yan uwansa Lacandons, na biyu kuma, shi ne dan Denmark mai binciken kayan tarihi Frans Blom, wanda ya yi tarayya da shi shekaru 20 masu zuwa, har zuwa mutuwa. na.
Gertrude ta kasance sama da kowa ɗan adam wanda ya yi yaƙi don abin da ta gaskata, wanda bai daina ba. A cikin 1944 ya buga littafinsa na farko mai suna Los lacandones, kyakkyawan aikin ƙirar ƙabilanci. Gabatarwar, wanda mijinta na gaba ya rubuta, ta gano darajar aikin Duby: Dole ne mu gode wa Miss Gertrude Duby, saboda ta ba mu damar sanin cewa wannan ƙaramin rukuni na mutanen Indiya na Mexico mutane ne, maza, mata da yara. waɗanda ke rayuwa a duniyarmu, ba kamar dabbobi masu wuya ko gidan kayan gargajiya da ke nuna abubuwa ba, amma a matsayin ɓangare na ɗan adam.
A cikin wannan rubutun, Duby ya bayyana isowar Don José zuwa ga jama'ar Iacandon, al'adunsu da farin cikinsu, hikimomin kakanninsu da kuma rauni a fuskar cututtuka, gami da warkarwa a wannan ranar. Yana nazarin yanayin mace a wannan yanayin kuma yana al'ajabi da sauƙin tunanin tunaninta. Ya ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da tarihin Iacandones, waɗanda ya kira "zuriyar ƙarshe na magina biranen da aka lalatar." Ya bayyana su a matsayin "jajirtattun mayaƙan yaƙi da ƙarni na ƙarni", tare da tunanin "ƙirƙira cikin 'yanci wanda bai taɓa sanin masu shi ba ko masu amfani da shi."
Ba da daɗewa ba, Trudy ta sami ƙaunar Lacandones; Ya ce game da su: "Abokaina na Iacandon sun ba ni babbar hujjar amincewarsu lokacin da suka kai ni ziyara ta uku don ganin tafkin tsarkakakke na Metzabok"; game da matan Iacandon ya gaya mana: “ba sa shiga cikin bukukuwan addini ko shiga gidajen ibada. Suna tunanin cewa idan Iacandona ya taka ƙasan balché, zai mutu ”. Ya yi waiwaye kan makomar wannan ƙabilar kuma ya nuna cewa "don ceton su ya zama dole, ko kuma barin su su kaɗai, wanda hakan ba zai yiwu ba saboda tuni an buɗe daji don yin amfani da shi, ko kuma don taimaka musu ci gaban tattalin arzikinsu da kuma magance cututtukansu."
A cikin 1946 ya wallafa wata makala mai taken Shin akwai jinsi na ƙasa da ƙasa?, Babban magana a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II, inda yake nuna daidaito tsakanin maza da kuma yadda ake gina rayuwa cikin 'yanci. Aikinta bai tsaya ba: tana tafiya tare da Blom kuma ta san layin Lacandon da inci inci da mazaunanta, waɗanda ta zama mai karewa ba ta gajiyawa.
A cikin 1950 suka sayi gida a San Cristóbal de Ias Casas cewa sun yi baftisma da sunan Na Bolom. Na, a cikin Tzotzil yana nufin "gida" kuma Bolom, wasa ne akan kalmomi, saboda Blom ya rikice da BaIum, wanda ke nufin "jaguar". Manufarta ita ce samar da cibiyar karatu a yankin kuma galibi don karɓar bakuncin Yacandon waɗanda suka ziyarci garin.
Trudy ta so gidan tare da tarin ta su tafi garin Mexico. Akwai hotuna sama da dubu 40 a ciki, babban rikodin rayuwar 'yan asalin ƙasa a cikin yawancin al'ummomin Chiapas; Babban laburaren kan al'adun Mayan; tarin zane-zane na addini, wanda Frans Blom ya cece su lokacin da aka yi ƙoƙari don halakar da waɗannan ɓangarorin a lokacin Yaƙin Cristeros (adadi mai yawa na giciyen ƙarfe wanda Blom ya cece shi daga tushe ya bayyana a bango). Hakanan akwai ɗakin sujada inda ake baje kolin abubuwan fasaha na addini, da kuma wasu ƙananan kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi. Hakanan akwai ɗakin da aka keɓe don Lacandon, kayan aikinsu, kayan aikinsu, da tarin kayan masaku daga yankin. Gidan kayan tarihin Na Bolom yana wurin, yana jiranmu, yan 'yan tsiraru daga tsakiyar San Cristóbal, yana dauke da babbar taskar gadon Gertrude da Frans Blom.
Idan muka yaba da kyawawan hotunan Gertrude Duby Blom, zamu ga cewa mace ce mara gajiyawa wacce ba ta taɓa barin ɓacin rai ba, kuma duk inda ta kasance, ta yi yaƙi da waɗancan abubuwan da ta ɗauka kawai. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da abokansa Lacandones, ya sadaukar da kansa don yin hoto da la'antar lalacewar dajin Lacandon. Babu shakka Trudy babban misali ne ga al'ummomin yanzu da masu zuwa nan gaba, sun bar aikin da zai bunkasa yayin da lokaci ke tafiya.
