Kyakkyawan wayewar Paquimé, wanda ya daidaita a halin yanzu Garin Sihiri de Casas Grandes, ɗayan ɗayan manyan kayan tarihi ne da kayan tarihi na Meziko. Muna gayyatarku ku san wannan al'ada da garin Chihuahuan mai ban sha'awa na Casas Grandes tare da cikakken jagorar.
1. Ina garin yake?
Casas Grandes shine shugaban karamar hukumar Chihuahuan mai wannan sunan wanda yake a yankin arewa maso yamma na jihar Chihuahua akan iyaka da Sonora. Garin sihiri yana kan iyaka ne da kananan hukumomin Chihuahuan na Janos, Nuevo Casas Grandes, Galeana, Ignacio Zaragoza da Madera; zuwa yamma Sonora. Casas Grandes yana kusa da shahararren wurin tarihi na Paquimé kuma 'yan kilomitoci daga garin Nuevo Casas Grandes; garin Chihuahua yana da nisan kilomita 300.
2. Ta yaya garin ya tashi?
Lokacin da ɗan Spain mai binciken Francisco de Ibarra da mutanensa suka isa yankin a cikin ƙarni na 16, sun yi mamakin gano gine-ginen kafin Columbian na hawa hawa 7 kuma suka tambaya me ake kira wurin. 'Yan ƙasar sun amsa cewa "Paquimé", amma Ibarra ya fi son suna na gargajiya kuma ya yi baftisma da shafin kamar Casas Grandes. A cikin karni na 18, garin ya zama babban gari na yankin, tare da matsayin Ofishin Magajin gari. A cikin 1820, an ɗaga yankin Casas Grandes zuwa wata karamar hukuma kuma a cikin 1998 UNESCO ta bayyana yankin archaeology na Paquimé a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya.
3. Wane irin yanayi ne Casas Grandes ke da shi?
Yanayin Casas Grandes ya yi sanyi kuma ya bushe saboda tsawan da ya kai mita 1,453 sama da matakin teku, yanayin hamada da ƙarancin ruwan sama. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara 17 ° C, wanda ya tashi zuwa 25 ko 26 ° C a cikin watanni na rani na arewacin duniya kuma ya sauka zuwa 8 ° C a lokacin hunturu. Yankin Chihuahuan yana da saurin yanayin yanayi; Tsakanin Yuni da Yuli zazzabi na 35 ° C za a iya isa a Casas Grandes duk da tsayin dutsen. Hakanan, a lokacin hunturu suna iya jin sanyi kusa da sifili Celsius; don haka hasashen tufafinku ya ta'allaka ne da watan tafiyarku.
4. Menene manyan abubuwan jan hankali a Casas Grandes?
Casas Grandes shine babban mazaunin Mexico na al'adun Paquimé mai ban sha'awa, mafi haɓaka a lokacinsa a arewacin Mexico kuma mafi mahimmancin ziyara da za a yi a Pueblo Mágico shine shafin archaeological da gidan kayan tarihin ta. An yi amfani da yankin Casas Grandes a ƙarshen karni na 19 don kafuwar biranen Mormon, waɗanda biyun da ke da samfuran al'adu masu ban sha'awa sun rayu: Colonia Juárez da Colonia Dublán. Kusa da Casas Grandes da Nuevo Casas Grandes (birni na zamani) akwai wuraren tarihi, ecotourism da sha'awar archaeological, kamar Cueva de la Olla, Cueva de la Golondrina, Janos Biosphere Reserve da garin Mata Ortiz.
5. A ina kuma yaushe al'adun Paquimé suka fito?
Al'adar Paquimé ta fara haɓakawa kusan a cikin ƙarni na 8 bayan Almasihu, a Oasisamerica, yankin pre-Columbian tsakanin arewacin Mexico da kudancin Amurka. Maganar da ta dace da wannan tsohuwar wayewar da aka adana ana samunta a cikin wurin binciken kayan tarihi na Paquimé, kusa da Casas Grandes. A zamaninsa, al'adun Paquimé sun kasance mafi haɓaka a arewacin nahiyar ta Amurka, yana fuskantar mafi girman ɗaukakarsa tsakanin shekarun 1060 da 1340 AD. Masu binciken kayan tarihi ba su iya tabbatar da musabbabin tabarbarewar wannan al'adun ba, wanda ya faru tun kafin zuwan Turawan Spain.
6. Menene yafi fice game da wayewar Paquimé?
Babban gadon al'adun Paquimé sune na tukwanenta da kuma gine-ginenta. Sun yi aikin tukwane da fasaha da fasaha; tasoshin da aka kawata suna da fuskoki, jiki, siffofin dabbobi da sauran abubuwan yanayin su. Sun gina gidaje masu hawa da yawa, tare da tsarin samar da ruwa da wuraren dumama ruwa. Babban kayan aikin tukunyar su shine tukwanen yumbu, wanda a ciki suka haɗu da amfani mai amfani tare da yin kayan ado. Ana samun mafi yawan wakilcin yumbu na al'adun Paquimé a cikin gidan kayan tarihin da kuma a gidajen tarihin Amurka.
7. A ina ne ainihin wurin tarihin kayan tarihi na Paquimé?
Wurin binciken kayan tarihi na Paquimé yana cikin gundumar Casas Grandes, kusa da asalin kogin mai suna iri ɗaya a ƙasan Sierra Madre Occidental. Akasin yawancin wuraren binciken kayan tarihi na Mexico, waɗanda ke da siffofin pyramids da sauran manyan gine-gine, Paquimé ya kasance wani shafin adobe na gidajen labyrinthine, tare da hadaddun hanyoyin samar da ruwa har ma da ɗakuna don kiyaye dabbobi da dabbobi masu amfani. Rushewar Paquimé shine mafi kyawun shaidar adobe a lokacinsa a Amurka, duka don dabarun aikin gini da kuma ƙarin abubuwa don jin daɗin mazaunan.
8. Shin akwai wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin Paquimé?
Tsarin birni na Paquimé ya bambanta da abubuwa masu ban mamaki da yawa. Kodayake ba a bincika ba kuma an bincika a cikin fiye da 25% na hekta 36, amma masana sun kimanta cewa mai yiwuwa tana da fiye da dakuna 2,000 da kuma wasu mazauna 10,000 a lokacin da ta ke. Gidan Macaws ya sami wannan suna ne saboda an sami macawa 122 da aka binne a ƙarƙashin bene, wanda ke nuna cewa tsuntsun muhimmin dabba ne a cikin al'adun Paquimé. Casa de los Hornos saiti ne na ɗakuna 9 tare da ramuka waɗanda yakamata ayi amfani dasu don dafa agwar. Gidan macizan ya kunshi dakuna 24 da wasu dakuna, saitin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kiwon kunkuru da macawa.
9. Me zan iya gani a gidan kayan gargajiya?
Gidan Tarihi na al'adun Arewa, wanda kuma ake kira Cibiyar Al'adun Paquimé, yana cikin yankin archaeological na Paquimé kuma an buɗe shi a cikin 1996 a cikin ginin ƙasa na ƙasa kuma an haɗa shi cikin yanayin hamada da sauran al'adu. An ba da ƙirar mai zane Mario Schjetnan a Buenos Aires Architecture Biennial a 1995. Ginin yana da layukan zamani kuma yana da tuddai da tudu waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin yanayi mai daɗi. Wannan baje kolin yana da wasu kayan al'adun Paquimé kimanin dubu biyu da sauran mutanen da ke arewacin Hispanic na arewacin, wadanda suka hada da kayayyakin leken asiri, kayayyakin aikin gona da abubuwa daban-daban, da kuma taswira, dioramas da samfura don saukaka fahimtar jama'a.
10. Menene a cikin Cueva de la Olla?
Kimanin kilomita 50. daga Casas Grandes akwai wurin tarihi na paquimé a cikin kogo, wanda mafi kyawun sifofin sa shine babban akwati mai kama da kamannin tukunya. Cuexcomate ne, gidan ajiyar domed tare da shirin zagaye, wanda aka saba gina shi da laka da bambaro, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a baya don kiyaye hatsi sabo da andan itace. Shafin yana da dakuna 7 a cikin kogon kuma jama'ar da ke zaune a wurin sun yi amfani da mitoci mai girman kafa takwas, tukunya mai kamannin naman kaza don adana masara da kabewa, da kuma 'ya'yan itacen epazote, amarant, gourd da sauransu.
11. Menene mahimmancin Cueva de la Golondrina?
Wani wurin sha'awar kayan tarihi, wanda yake a cikin kwari ɗaya inda Cueva de la Olla yake, ƙasa da ƙarancin mita 500 daga gare shi, shine Cueva de la Golondrina. A cikin 1940s, wata ƙungiyar ilimin ƙasa ta Amurka ta haƙa rijiyoyin stratigraphic da yawa don tattara bayanan dutsen Cueva de la Golondrina. An gano waɗannan rijiyoyin kuma a cikin 2011, masu bincike daga Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology da Tarihi ta icanasa ta Mexico waɗanda suka ɗauki nazarin yankin, sun sami wani ɗaki na adobe wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 11, da kuma wasu shaidu kamar su tukwane da gawarwakin mutane. Amurkawa sun sanya bayanan abin da suka gano cewa kogon yana zaune ne tun zamanin yumbu, amma wannan binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya yi watsi da wannan tunanin.
12. Ta yaya Colonia Juárez ya zo?
Don inganta sasantawa da ci gaban yankunan arewa, tsakanin ƙarshen karni na sha tara da farkon ƙarni na 20, gwamnatin Meziko ta ƙarfafa kafuwar yankuna a cikin nesa ta baƙin baƙi na addinin Mormon. Daga wannan lokacin, mafi kyawun misalin mulkin mallaka wanda Cocin Jesus Christ na Waliyyan Gobe ya kiyaye a Chihuahua, shine Colonia Juárez, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 16 daga nesa. na Casas Grandes. A al'adance birni ne mai amfani da harshe biyu a yankin Meziko, wanda aka keɓe don gonakin kiwo da noman peaches da apples. A cikin Colonia Juárez gidan ibada na yau na Mormon ya cancanci yabo; Academia Juárez, ginin gine-ginen Victoria da aka gina a 1904; Gidan Tarihi na Juárez, wanda aka keɓe don al'adun Mormon; da Cibiyar Tarihin Iyali, kungiyar bincike ta asali da ke aiki a gidan Victoria daga 1886.
13. Menene a cikin Colonia Dublán?
Wani daga cikin 'yan tsirarun garuruwan da Mormons suka kafa a yankin Mexico shine Colonia Dublán, wanda yake a ƙofar garin Nuevo Casas Grandes,' yan kilomitoci kaɗan daga Garin Magic na Casas Grandes. Coloasar tana rasa bayanan Mormon ɗinta a kan lokaci yayin da take shiga cikin garin Mexico, ba kamar Colonia Juárez ba, inda al'adun Mormon suka kasance. Fiye da shekaru 100 da suka wuce, Moran addinin Mormon na Dublán sun gina lagoon don amfanin gona. Kyakkyawan ruwan ruwa ana yawan yin shi don ayyukan ecotourism kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa tushen shayar da peach da sauran kayan lambu a garin. Ya karɓi sunan Laguna Fierro don tarihin tarihi mai ban sha'awa.
14. Menene wannan tarihin tarihin?
Garuruwan arewacin Chihuahua har yanzu suna da mummunan tunawa da Rodolfo Fierro, janar din Villista wanda ya zama babban Laftanar Pancho Villa. Fierro shine mai zartar da hukuncin fursunonin kuma ance a wani lokaci ya kashe 300 daga cikinsu, yana farautar su bayan ya basu dama su tsere. Azzalumin janar din ya mutu a cikin wani mummunan lamari a Laguna de Dublán, wanda yanzu aka sani da Laguna Fierro. An ce ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙetare lagoon da nauyi na zinariya har ya nitse da shi, ya nitse. A cikin Dublán da Nuevo Casas Grandes akwai tatsuniya cewa banshee na Janar Fierro yana yawo a bakin ruwa a daren da aka rufe.
15. Yaya Yanayyar Yanayin Halitta ta Janos take?
Wannan babban yanki mai cike da ciyayi a arewacin Chihuahua ya ayyana shi a matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Dabbobi a cikin 1937 da Shugaba Lázaro Cárdenas kuma a kwanan nan an sanya shi a matsayin ajiya don kiyaye yawancin halittu daga lalacewar da take fama dashi. Babban mazaunin ajiyar shine karen prairie, wani nau'in wanda aka gano mahimmancinsa don kiyaye ƙasar ba tare da tsire-tsire na itace ba, wanda ke son ci gaban ciyawar dabbobi. Sauran mazaunan Janos su ne baƙin ƙafa mai ƙafa, wanda ya kusan ƙare, kuma garken bison daji da ke zaune a Meziko.
16. Menene ya shahara a cikin Mata Ortiz?
35 kilomita. daga Casas Grandes shine garin Juan Mata Ortiz, jama'ar yankin da suka fi kiyaye al'adun Paquimé na aikin yumbu. Juan Mata Ortiz wani sojan Chihuahuan ne wanda ya yi fice wajen yaƙar Apaches kuma ya mutu a ɓoye da su. Mata Ortiz tukwane an yarda da su a cikin ƙasa da kuma duniya don kyan su da kuma ruhun al'adun Paquimé a cikin tsarin bayanin su. Ceto wannan masarrafar ta kere-kere ya kasance jagorantar mai ginin tukwane na Chihuahuan Juan Quezada Celado, wanda aka ba da lambar yabo ta Kasa ta 1999 don Mashahurin Al'adu da Hadisai. Mata Ortiz shine wuri mafi kyau don siyan kayan ado na yumbu a matsayin abin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tafiya zuwa Casas Grandes.
17. Menene yawan abincin Casas Grandes?
Ana bambanta fasahar girke-girke ta Casas Grandes ta chees, curds, cuku da sauran kayayyakin kiwo, waɗanda suna cikin mafi kyau a cikin jihar Chihuahua. Kamar yadda ya dace da Chihuahuas, Casagrandenses sun yi kyau kwarai wajen shirya yankan nama, duka masu taushi da bushe. Wani abincin da ya shahara a cikin gari har ya zama kusan alama ita ce ƙyallen alade. Peach mai zaƙi da sauran fruitsa fruitsan itacen da aka girbe a cikin yankunan Mormon na Juárez da Dublán shine abin cin abincin gaɓar bakin, da ruwan su da zaƙi da aka samu.
18. Menene manyan bukukuwa a gari?
Babban biki a yankin ana faruwa ne a Nuevo Casas Grandes, mafi mahimmancin sadaukarwa ga Uwargidan mu na Mu'ujiza ta Medal, waliyin gari, wanda ake bikin a lokacin rabin rabin Nuwamba. A karshen watan Yuli ana gudanar da bikin alkama na yankin kuma a cikin sati na biyu na watan Satumba ana gudanar da bukukuwan tunawa da ranar kafa garin. Wani taron da ya sami shahara shine Casas Grandes - Columbus Binational Parade, wanda ke tunawa da ɗaukar Columbus da sojojin Pancho Villa suka yi. A cikin kwanaki 10 a cikin Yuli, ana gudanar da bikin Nueva Paquimé, tare da al'adun gargajiya, fasaha da al'adu.
19. A ina zan iya zama?
Otal din Dublan Inn yana kan Avenida Juárez a cikin Nuevo Casas Grandes kuma yana da ɗakuna 36, kasancewar sanannun ɗakunan saukakke da jin daɗi da kuma tsafta a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi. Hotel Hacienda, shima akan Avenida Juárez, kilomita 2. daga tsakiyar Nuevo Casas Grandes, yana da lambuna masu kyau, alatu a cikin hamada, kuma yana ba da karin kumallo mai kyau. Otal din Casas Grandes wani masauki ne mai natsuwa, tare da hidimomin yau da kullun, wanda ke aiki a cikin gini kama da na motel na shekarun 1970.
20. Ina zan iya zuwa in ci abinci?
Garin Nuevo Casas Grandes, wanda ke kusa da garin Casas Grandes, shima yana da wasu gidajen cin abinci inda zaku iya cin abinci da kyau. Pompeii yana da menu iri-iri, tare da turkey, yankakken nama da kifi. Malmedy Restaurant gidan salon Turawa ne wanda ke ba da abincin duniya. Rancho Viejo ƙwararre ne akan steaks kuma yana da nau'ikan abubuwan sha. Sauran hanyoyin sune Coctelería Las Palmas, Algremy, Cielito Lindo da 360 ° Cocina Urbana.
Shirya don sanin al'adun Paquimé, ɗayan alfahari na Meziko? Yi babban lokacin tafiya zuwa Casas Grandes!
