Duk abin ya fara ne a wannan rana a watan Yulin 1546 lokacin da suka isa ɗakin mai nasara Cristóbal de Oñate.
Wani tsohon Ba'indiye Tlaxcala, daga mai masaukin Nuño de Guzmán, tare da calzoneras da aka yi da deer baquetilla, jaketsa mai yaƙinsa da huaraches "houndstooth", da kuma wani Ba'indiya ɗan Zacatecan da ke sanye da madaurin fata na squirrel, don ɗanɗana lamuran gashin kansa da doguwar suma, da kuma wasu ɗan madaukakiyar fata mai laushi waɗanda suka rufe ƙafafunsa daga gwiwoyi zuwa idon sawu don kare su daga ƙayatar pear ta ɓarna da ciwan maciji , wanda da shi ne aka fallasa sauran sassan siririn jikinsa da murdadden jikinsa, saboda rahamar dukkan sanyi da dubura, in banda wani tsiri a bayansa da ba za a iya gani ba, saboda ya dauki dogon kwari a kafadarsa. cike da kibiyoyi masu tsayi wanda ba a saba ganinsu ba wanda za'a iya amfani dasu da kusan kusan yadi uku wanda ya dauke a hannunsa na hagu, ya jingina a kansa kamar dan damfara, kuma a hannun damansa ambulan da ya bude akan teburin Oñate, yana bayyana a idanun na ci istador wasu samfuran sulfide ko kuma high carbon grade na azurfa.
Kafin farawar, idanun mai nasara sun haskaka, wanda shine zai zama gwamnan masarautar New Galicia kuma mafi wadata da tasiri a cikin manyan mashahuran mazaunan farko guda huɗu na garin Zacatecas na gaba, wanda za'a tura rukunin yanar gizon su. ba tare da bata lokaci ba Kyaftin Don Juan de Tolosa, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da "Barba longa" da ƙaunataccen abokinsa Diego de Ibarra, mijin nan gaba na ɗiyar mataimakin shugaba na farko na Mexico, tare da wani ɗan faransa na Franciscan mai suna Jerónimo de Mendoza, wanda kuma sanannen mutum ne saboda bautar manzo kuma don zama dan uwan mataimakin.
Duwatsun Indiya tsirara sun tabbatar, lokacin da "aka sake maimaitawa", a cewar tarihin zamani, ya zama "rabin dutse da rabin azurfa", wani abu da duk mai hakar gwal zai iya jefawa, a cikin waɗannan shekarun har ma a yau, a cikin haɗari mafi haɗari kasada, kuma, hakika, Barba longa, Ibarra da Fray Jerónimo sun shirya zuwa arewa kuma sunyi tafiyar kilomita dari uku, ba'a kirga su ba, wannan ya raba Guadalajara daga Nochistlán tare da abin da daga baya zai zama garin Zacatecas.
Sun isa ƙasan dutsen Buía, a tsakiyar tsaunukan da aka rufe da itacen fir, itacen oaks da itacen oak wanda, a cewar mai tafiya Bishop De la Mota y Escobar, ana shayar da shi ta hanyar yawan ruwan da ke zuwa ya cika rafin a ƙasan daga rafin (wanda ake kira yanzu Arroyo de la Plata) kuma a can suka yi zango tare da Indiyawan tsirara, abokinsa da kuma wasu tsirarun sojoji da Indiyawa abokantaka don fara binciken da zai samar da kusan kudi mai yawa a cikin karni hudu kamar na zamani cerro colorado »na Potosí, Bolivia.
Yankin bai kasance ba, ba kuma zai iya zama ba, ƙauye, wuri kuma ba ma "ainihin" ko sansani ba saboda ma'adinan da aka samo da waɗanda za su bayyana nan ba da daɗewa ba suna nesa da kusan kilomita goma sha biyu, daga yanzu garin Pánuco zuwa Cerro del Padre.
Sha'awa ta girma kamar wutar daji, kuma a ƙarshen 1547 Ibarra ya ɗora dutse na farko na shinge don kare kansa daga Indiyawa waɗanda, kodayake da farko sun karɓe su cikin lumana, jim kaɗan bayan sun fara tursasa su, suna ta yin kuwwa a cikin dare.
Yayin da Tolosa ya ci gaba da arewa don neman jijiyoyin azurfa, har ma da na masarautun tarihin Amazons, biranen nan bakwai na Cíbola, El Dorado ko maɓuɓɓugar matasa ta har abada, yankin ya kasance cikin sauri Pleiad na masu kasada masu sha'awar azurfa azurfa da kasada.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, a cikin 1583, mai nasara Baltazar Temi deo de Bañuelos, wanda ya riga ya tsufa kuma koyaushe mazaunin yankin, ya roki Sarki Felipe na II da ya ba da wannan ƙananan gidajen, waɗanda ke haɗe da ma'adanai da yawa, taken birni, saboda tuni akwai abubuwan da suka tabbatar da hakan.
Tabbas, wannan doguwar daskararriyar matattarar ruwa, wacce daga farko ta fara tafasa daga tsananin aiki, da kumfar hayaki wanda ke ba da "murhun Castilian" kusa da kowane karamin masana'antun masana'antu. cewa a lokaci guda sun fara samar da wasu lamurra da yawa na "tubalin wanka" a kusa da su, saboda murhun murhunan manyan bakin ne koyaushe suna jin yunwa, inda kututtukan bishiyoyi suka zama toka; don haka, a shekara ta 1602, shekarar da Bishop De la Mota ya ziyarci garin, shugaban cocin ya gaya mana cewa akwai ƙananan ƙananan insoles da suka rage inda 'yan shekaru kafin a sami bishiyoyi masu daɗi.
Garin, wanda har yanzu ba shi da irin wannan take, tunda ana kiransa kawai "ma'adinan Zakariya ko ma'adinan na Lady of Remedies of the Zacatecas", sun taru a kewayen cocinsa, ƙaramin cocin adobe tare da guda ɗaya kawai Wannan jirgi ya ba da shawara, a ƙarshen karni, daga mai nasara Temiño de Bañuelos don Cabildo ya je ya gyara talauci wanda Uba Melo tare da shi, tun kafin 1550, ya tara friar don jin taro ko halarta jana'izar waɗanda Chichimecas, Zacatecas, Guachichiles, Tepeguanes da wasu mutane da yawa suka kashe, lokacin da aka harbe su a kwanton bauna da Indiyawa ke kula da su a cikin tituna mafi tsauri na Hanyar Azurfa, kawai aka buɗe zuwa Birnin Imperial City na Mexico by bachelor Estrada. An buɗe wannan hanyar don wucewar fakitoci kuma daga baya ya sanyaya sharaɗar da Sebastián de Aparicio don karusai na alfadarai da keken shanu waɗanda dusar ƙanƙarar "azamar" azurfar "keɓaɓɓe" zuwa akwatunan viceregal, tare da ƙarancin zirga-zirgar mutane waɗanda suka zama da yawa. kuma suna aiki a dawowar kowace jirgi na motocin da suka zo cike da masu hakar ma'adinai a nan gaba, 'yan kasuwa, masu sana'a da sauran mutanen da suka zo suka samar da wata al'umma ta daban. Daga wannan sabon birni, bisa ga ƙidayar da mai martaba Baƙo mai suna Hernán Martínez de la Marcha ya ɗauka, alkali a Compostela da Guadalajara, waɗanda dokokin farko suka ba su don tsara ma'amaloli tsakanin masu hakar ma'adinai, sun riga sun tashi, ko suna gab da fitowa. , Manyan attajiran Amurka hudu. Hakanan kuma bakaken fatar Angola, Indiyawa bayi, da kuma masu kwadayi, marasa mahimmanci, Indiyawa "Naborios", waɗanda suka zo don albashi ko don samun kasonsu na tarin ma'adanai mako-mako.
Motley da ƙungiyar masu ɗaukaka sun haɗa da marasa aure ko ma'aurata waɗanda suka bar matansu a Spain ko a babban birni, kuma mai ban mamaki, za mu iya lura tare da de la Marcha, cewa a cikin wannan kuɗaɗen da suka zama cikin sauri, babu sauran cewa mace tare da mijinta, wanda daga nan ne zamu iya tsammanin akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda, duk da haɗarin hanyoyin, sun zo Zacatecas don yin tsohuwar sana'a a duniya.
Birnin ya ci gaba da haɓakawa da raguwa a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, kuma a ƙarni na goma sha takwas La Parroquia da manyan ɗakunan bauta da yake alfahari da su yanzu an gina su, yanayin zamantakewar ta ya inganta sosai, kuma lokacin da ƙarshen karnin ya zo kuma aka haifi karni na sha tara, birni ya ɗauki kamannin da muka sani yanzu, ban da gidaje da yawa waɗanda suka canza fasalinsu a cikin ƙarni ɗaya. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kasuwar González Ortega da sauran abubuwa da yawa an gina su. A cikin karni na 20, har zuwa juyin juya halin Musulunci, ayyukanta na tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankunanta na fa'idodin zamantakewa suna ta karuwa. Bayan haka sai ta fada cikin wani sanyin jiki wanda ya mayar da ita wani karamin gari kuma har zuwa shekarar 1964, lokacin da José Rodríguez Elías ke gwamna, sake haifuwarsa ya fara, har zuwa yau lokacin da UNESCO ta amince da darajojinta kuma suka kawata ta da take. Abubuwan Al'adu na 'Yan Adam, barin hannun Zacatecans babban sadaukarwa don kiyaye shi cikakke kuma zai sanar da shi kamar yadda zai yiwu.
