Palenque da kewayenta yawon shakatawa ne don jin dadin nutsuwa iri uku: daya a cikin kayan tarihi da tarihi, wani kuma a cikin kyawawan ɗakunan ruwa mai kyau, da kuma wani a cikin abinci mai dadi. Muna gayyatarku ka san Garin Sihiri Chiapaneco tare da wannan cikakkiyar jagorar.
1. Ina Palenque take kuma ta yaya na isa wurin?
Palenque birni ne na Chiapas na asalin Mayan, shugaban karamar hukuma mai suna iri ɗaya dake arewacin jihar. Yawan 'yan asalin ya kunshi kabilun Chol, Tzeltal da Lacandon. Karamar hukumar ta yi iyaka da Guatemala zuwa kudu maso gabas, tana da bangarori uku na kan iyaka da jihar Tabasco sannan kuma makwabciya ce ta kungiyoyin kananan hukumomin Chiapas na Catazajá, La Libertad, Ocosingo, Chilón da Salto de Agua. Garuruwa mafi kusa da Palenque sune Villahermosa, Tabasco, wanda ke da kilomita 145 zuwa yamma, da San Cristóbal de las Casas, wanda yake kilomita 219 daga kudu.
2. Ta yaya Palenque ta kasance?
An gina birnin Palenque na pre-Columbian a lokacin Tarihi, wanda ya fara a tsakiyar ƙarni na uku bayan Almasihu, wanda ya fara ɗayan ɗayan manyan masarautu Mayan da suka gabata a tarihi, saboda ingancin gine-ginensa da kyawawan fasahohinsa. Garin Hispanic an kafa shi ne a 1567 daga friar faransa na Spanish Dominican Pedro Lorenzo de la Nada, wanda ya sami damar haɗa Chole Indians. An gano yanki mai mahimmanci na archaeological a cikin 1740 kuma a cikin 1813 Cortes na Cádiz ya daukaka Palenque zuwa rukunin gari; An ba da taken birni a cikin 1972 da na Pueblo Mágico a cikin 2015.
3. Wani irin yanayi ne Garin sihiri yake dashi?
Palenque yana da yanayin wurare masu zafi, zafi, ɗumi da damina. Matsakaicin matsakaita na shekara-shekara shine 26.6 ° C; wanda ya tashi zuwa kusan 30 ° C a watan Mayu, watan da ya fi zafi, kuma ya ɗan ragu a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ma'aunin zafi da zafi ya karanta 23 ° C a cikin Janairu. Zafin zai iya harzuka zuwa 36 ° C a wasu lokuta, yayin yayin manyan tsawan sanyi, zafin jiki bai taɓa sauka ƙasa da 17 ° C ba a cikin daren hunturu mafi sanyi. A Palenque ana ruwa sama sosai, matsakaita na mm 2,394 a shekara kuma a kowane wata ana iya samun ruwan sama, kodayake lokacin damina mafi alama shine tsakanin Yuni da Oktoba.
4. Menene manyan wuraren jan hankalin 'yan yawon bude ido na Palenque?
Palenque wuri ne mai mahimmanci a cikin tarihin pre-Columbian na Mexico saboda girman, ɗaukaka, ingancin gine-gine da baiwa da aka nuna a cikin nune-nunen fasaha da yawa. Sanya garin Mayan ya zama dole ga duk wani dan kasar Mexico mai son tarihin kasar kuma yana daya daga cikin wuraren da yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa da masana na duniya ke yawan ziyarta. Don ƙaddamar da ziyarar zuwa wurin archaeological, ɗauki zagaye na Gidan Tarihi na Alberto Ruz Lhuillier.
An abin da sanannen Palenque ya lulluɓe da shi, kusa da birni akwai wasu rukunin yanar gizo masu mahimmancin gaske, kamar su Bonampak, Yaxchilán da Toniná. Kuma tunda komai ba zai iya zama kango ba, Palenque da kewayenta suna ba da kyawawan abubuwan jan hankali don nishaɗin waje, kamar Aluxes Ecopark, da Agua Azul Waterfalls, da Misol Ha Waterfall da Agua Clara Spa. Wani wurin ban sha'awa kusa da Palenque shine karamin garin Catazajá.
5. Menene muhimmancin Yankin Archaeological na Palenque?
Wurin adana kayan tarihi na Palenque yana daya daga cikin kyawawan al'adun Mayan, kodayake kawai an binciko shi kuma an tono shi a cikin wani karamin yanki na fadada shi. An yi imanin cewa sama da gine-gine dubu har yanzu suna binne a cikin dazuzzuka, kuma waɗanda ba a gano su ba suna wakiltar kyakkyawan nunin gwaninta da fasaha na Maya. An gina shi a lokacin Lokacin gargajiya, wanda aka watsar kafin mamayewa kuma aka sake gano shi a cikin karni na 18. A cikin abin da aka gano har yanzu, Haikalin Rubutun, Fada, Saitin Giciye, Ruwa da sauran gine-gine sun yi fice. Palenque yana da nau'ikan wuraren shakatawa na Kasa da Gidan Tarihi na Duniya.
6. Me yasa aka banbanta Haikalin Rubutun?
Tana cikin yankin da aka sani da Great Plaza, a kan gangaren halitta. Shahararren mai mulkin Mayan Pakal the Great ne ya fara shi kuma ɗansa ya kammala shi a cikin 80s na karni na 7. Ya karɓi sunansa daga mafi kyawun rubutun hieroglyphic da kuma taimako na stucco waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ta asali ga fahimtar wayewar Mayan. A cikin 1949 an sami kabarin Pakal ƙarƙashin haikalin. Ginin shine dala 8 mai tsayi kuma haikalin da ke wakiltar matakan 9 na duniyar Mayan, wanda ya auna tsayin mita 22.8 a tsayi.
7. Yaya El Palacio yake?
Wannan katafaren ginin yana da fili kusan hekta rabinsa, yakai mita 85 daga arewa zuwa kudu da kuma mita 60 daga gabas zuwa yamma. Tana da matakai masu faɗi a kan fuskoki uku kuma Pakal ya gina ta akan ragowar abubuwan da suka gabata. A tsakiyar Fadar akwai wata hasumiya mai sassa huɗu da aka gina gaba ɗayanta a cikin gini da kuma ginshiƙai masu kauri, waɗanda aka yi imanin cewa an yi amfani da su don sa ido kan kariya, kodayake wani fasalin ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa yana da dalilan ilimin taurari. Faɗakarwa masu fa'ida, yawan ɗakuna da manyan gidajen kallo da aka kawata sun nuna cewa wurin ne aka yi fati.
8. Menene ya shahara a cikin Conjunto de las Cruces?
Ya ƙunshi manyan gine-gine guda uku: Haikalin Gicciye, Haikalin Foliated Cross da Haikali na Rana. Dukkanin ukun suna da halin da aka ɗora su a kan dutsen pyramids da kuma abubuwan taimako. Wani mataccen sarki ya naɗa sarki! maganar na cewa. An kafa rukunin ne don karrama Chan Bahlum na II bisa hawarsa karagar mulki bayan mutuwar Pakal the Great. Sunan Las Cruces bai dace ba, tun da a cikin gaskiya gidajen ibada suna wakiltar itacen halitta ne bisa ga tarihin Mayan. Daga Gidan ibada na gicciye, an cire babban kwamitin tare da wakiltar dodo daga inda tsiron masara ya tsiro, wanda aka adana shi a cikin National Museum of Anthropology.
9. Menene ya shahara a cikin akwatin ruwa?
Tsarin tsari ne, zurfin mita uku, wanda ke jagorantar ruwan Kogin Otulum da ke ƙasan babban filin, a gabashin Fadar. A can ƙasa, a wurin da ake kira Bath of the Queen, akwai gadar dutse. Mayaka sun kware sosai wajen gina tsarin samar da ruwa; A watan Yulin 2016 Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology da Tarihi ta Kasa ta sanar da gano wani hadadden tsarin na’ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa karkashin kabarin Pakal the Great. An yi imanin cewa zai iya kasancewa da alaƙa da wani rubutu da aka zana a kabarin mai mulkin, wanda ke nuna cewa don shiga cikin lahira dole ne ya nitse cikin ruwa.
10. Shin akwai wasu gine-ginen ban sha'awa a Palenque?
Haikali na Countidaya yana da ɗan ɓarna na tarihi, tunda a cikin pre-Hispanic Mexico babu yankuna. Ya karɓi wannan sunan ne saboda wurin da mai binciken Faransanci kuma mai zane Jean-Frédéric Waldeck yake, lokacin da ya yi wani lokaci a Palenque a cikin 1820s; Waldeck ya kira kansa ɗan kunne. Ana shiga haikalin Countidaya ta hanyar matakala mai tsayi. Haikalin Lion yana da kwanciyar hankali, an ɓata shi da bakin ciki, tare da sarki mai kursiyi a cikin yanayin jaguar mai kai biyu.
11. Menene gidan kayan tarihin Alberto Ruz Lhuillier ya nuna?
Wannan gidan kayan tarihin wanda yake a cikin wuraren tarihi an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin ilimin tarihin Franco-Mexico Alberto Ruz Lhuillier, sanannen mai binciken biranen Mesoamerican Mayan kuma mai ganowa a tsakiyar karni na 20 na kabarin Pakal the Great a cikin Haikalin Rubutun Palenque. Samfurin da aka baje kolin ya kunshi yankakkun da aka ceto daga shafin da kanta, samfurin bayani da sauran kayan taimako. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa akwai kayan kwalliya, kayan adon jana'iza, allon alfarma da hadaya, al'adu daban daban, murfin mutuwar Pakal the Great da na abin da ake kira da Red Sarauniya, matar da ya kamata ta zama Ahpo-Hel, matar shahararren mai mulki.
12. Menene mafi ban sha'awa game da Yankin Archaeological Bonampak?
Idan kayi tafiya zuwa Palenque, yakamata kuyi tafiyar kilomita 150. gaba kudu maso gabas don gano yankin Bonampak Archaeological Zone mai ban sha'awa, a cikin zuciyar Jandar Lacandon. Babban abin jan hankalin wannan shafin na Mayan kusa da kan iyaka da Guatemala shine zanen bangon sa, wanda aka yi shi a karni na 8. Zanen zane babbar shaida ce ta aukuwa a rayuwar Mayans. Kyawawan hotunan sun hada da masu sana'a a wurin aiki; masu kida da sarewa, da ganguna da sauran kayan kida; raye-raye, wuraren yaƙi da fursunoni da aka shirya don sadaukarwa.
13. Menene muhimmancin Yaxchilán Yankin Archaeological?
Kilomita 165. zuwa kudu maso gabas na Palenque shine wannan wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi, wanda yake gaban bankin Kogin Usumacinta. Yaxchilán ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiya ta ikon Mayan a lokacin Zamanin, yana nuna ikon Bonampak da Piedras Negras. Shafin ya banbanta da irin kayan fasahar da yake dasu, musamman daskararrun duwatsu a jikin kofofin, da kuma rubutun hieroglyphic wadanda suka bada bayanai masu mahimmanci kan tarihin garin da daulolin gwamnati. Sauran gine-gine masu kayatarwa sune stelae, Great Plaza, da Great Acropolis.
14. Ina Toniná Archaeological Zone yake?
Wannan rukunin tarihin Mayan da muke kuma ba da shawarar ku ziyarce yana da nisan kilomita 115 daga Palenque, kusa da Ocosingo. Toniná ya rayu zamanin ɗaukaka tsakanin ƙarni na 7 da na 9 kuma an adana manyan dandamali 7. A dandali na uku, Fadar thearƙashin worasa ta yi fice; a na huɗu Fadar Grecas da Yakin ya bambanta; dandamali na shida yana ɗauke da Mural of the Suns huɗu, misalin thean shekaru huɗu na Cosmic; kuma a dandamali na bakwai, Haikalin fursunoni da Haikalin madubin shan sigari sun fita waje, mafi girma a Mesoamerica. Toniná yana da kyawawan zane-zane na zane-zane, galibi dutse da ɗakunan ajiya masu kyau, da kuma zane-zane masu zane biyu a cikin siffar isosceles triangles.
15. Me zan iya yi a Aluxes Ecopark?
Filin shakatawa ne da mafaka na namun daji wanda ke haɓaka ingantaccen ra'ayi game da mahalli, yana fifita mafi girman ma'amalar baƙi da dabbobi. Wurin yana kusa da kango kuma kayan abinci suna kama shi kuma hakan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hukuma. A can za ku iya ciyar da kadoji da mantura, haka nan ku kasance cikin hulɗa da kadoji na yara, mulufi mai launi ja da manyan kunkuru. Hakanan suna ba da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa da yawon shakatawa dare da rana don ƙungiyoyin aƙalla mutane 4. Suna buɗe kowace rana ta shekara tsakanin 9 AM zuwa 4:30 PM.
16. Yaya kusancin faduwar Agua Azul?
Waɗannan magudanan ruwa, don yawancin kyawawan kyawawan abubuwan a cikin Mexico, suna cikin yanki ne na kariya na flora da fauna waɗanda ke cikin gundumar Chiapas na Tumbalá, kilomita 64 daga Palenque. Blueaƙan ruwan shuɗi mai tamani na ruwan yana isar da saututtukan carbonate a dakatarwa, kuma tare da farin kumfa da koren ciyayi, yana haifar da wata ƙyamar kyakkyawa mara misaltuwa. Yanayin yanzu yana sauka cikin yanayi mara kyau, tare da samar da magudanan ruwa da wuraren waha na halitta wanda yake da nutsuwa nutsar da shi. Hakanan ruwan mai wadataccen ma'adinai yana sanya itacen itacen da yake gama-gari a gani a bankunan ko a tsakiyar rafin.
17. Yaya Misfall Ha Waterfall yake?
Wannan babban ruwan sama mai zurfin mita 30 yana da nisan kilomita 20 daga Palenque; Ya faɗo yana da rijiyar da zaka iya iyo a cikin taka tsantsan. Kogin ya samar da kwararar ruwa da yawa a tsakiyar ciyawar kuma ya kasance ɗayan wuraren shahararrun fim ɗin Maƙiyinwanda Arnold Schwarzenegger ya fara bugawa kuma aka ɗauke shi gaba ɗaya akan matakan Mexico Ejungiyar ejidatarios ce ke gudanar da yankin ruwan da yake samarda masaukin muhalli. Kalmar waƙa "Misol Ha" na nufin "shara ko faduwar ruwa."
18. Menene abubuwan jan hankali na Agua Clara Spa?
Filin shakatawa ne mai nisan kilomita 55 daga Palenque akan hanyar zuwa Agua Azul Waterfalls akan Babbar Hanya ta 199. Ruwan ruwan ya samo asali ne ta hanyar gudunmawar wasu hanyoyin koguna daga ciki akwai Shumulhá ko Agua Clara, Tulijá, Michol, Bascam da Misol Ha. A jikin ruwa da kewayensa zaku iya yin nishaɗi kamar su iyo, jirgin ruwa, hawan dawakai da yawo. A cikin ƙwararrun furanni yana yiwuwa a yaba shuke-shuke kamar su avocado, jan sapodilla, arnica, Begonia, chincuya na daji, bamboo da copal. Zai zama da ɗan wuya gare ka ka ga barewa mai farin-taushi ko ɗan kurji, manyan wakilai biyu na fauna na wurin.
19. Menene a cikin Catazajá?
30 km. Arewacin Palenque akan Babbar Hanya ta 199 ita ce ƙaramar garin Catazajá, wanda sunan asalin asalinsa yana nufin "kwarin da aka rufe da ruwa." Daidai, manyan abubuwan jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido a wurin sune ruwayen da suke, musamman ma Catazajá Lagoon, inda zaku iya sha'awar manatees, otters da kunkuru, kuma wataƙila ku kama bass, irin kifi ko guabina. Koyaya, mafi kifin mai ban sha'awa wanda ke rayuwa a cikin lagoon shine peji peje, wani nau'in mai ban sha'awa duka saboda rawar da yake dashi a juyin halitta da kuma ƙimar naman sa. Kuna iya samun abinci ɗaya a matsayin abin tunawa.
20. Yaya aikin fasahar Pueblo Mágico yake?
Masu sana'ar yankin, galibi 'yan asalin Choles, Tzeltales da Lacondones, suna yin abubuwa masu kyau da launuka iri-iri, tun daga kan kayan yanki da tufafi masu ɗamara, zuwa jaka da jakunkunan fata. Hakanan suna da ƙwarewa sosai a aiki tare da tukwane, katako, karafa, duwatsu masu ado da ambar, da kuma yin zane-zane akan fata. Wani sanannen sana'a na gari shine waɗanda ake kira masu kama da mafarki ko masu kama da mafarki, hops tare da raga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da abubuwa masu haske, kamar gashinsa. A cikin waɗannan abubuwan gwanon, masu sana'ar Palenque suna amfani da launuka iri-iri waɗanda ɗumbin tsuntsayen da ke yankin ke bayarwa, kodayake gutsutsuren ba su da kusanci da yanayin.
21. Menene ya shahara a cikin gastronomy na Palenque?
Abubuwan da ake dafa abinci na Palenque suna da ƙarfi ta hanyar pre-Hispanic abinci da abubuwan alamomin ta atomatik, kamar masara, barkono barkono da koko. Daga cikin kayan abinci mafi mahimmanci na kayan gado na farko na Columbian sun hada da momo, girke-girke wanda ya danganci katantanwa na kogi, nixtamal kullu, da ganyen ciyawa masu tsarki. Haka kuma agwagwa a chilmol, wanda a ciki ake dafa naman a cikin miya na tumatir, barkono barkono da sauran kayan hadin; tsohuwar girke-girke tana tare da agwagin daji, amma saboda karancinsa dole ta yi kaura zuwa kaza da kaza.
Gandun daji na farauta, kifin zufa da na Chiapas tamales sune wasu kayan marmari waɗanda ba za ku iya rasawa ba a cikin Palenque. Za ku sami duk waɗannan fannoni da sauran kayan abinci na Meziko da na duniya a cikin gidajen abincin Palenque. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan sha na yau da kullun shine tascalate, wanda aka shirya shi da cakulan, masarar kullu da achiote. Hakanan, cakulan mai nika, kofi a kofi, chicha, balché da farin pozol sune abubuwan sha na yau da kullun. Daga cikin kayan zaki akwai wadanda ake yi da zuma.
22. Menene manyan bukukuwa a Palenque?
Bikin nuna girmamawa ga Santo Domingo de Guzmán, mai kula da garin, ana yin sa ne yayin farkon kwanaki 10 na watan Agusta. Don wannan bikin, Pueblo Mágico na cike da farin ciki da launi na raye-raye na asali na gargajiya da kiɗan marimbas, kayan kiɗa mai kama da xylophone, wanda mawaƙin da kuma maginin gidan suka ƙirƙiro nau'ikan maɓallin keyboard na zamani biyu a cikin 1892. Chiapas Zuciyar Jesús Borras Moreno. Kamar yadda yake a duk Mexico, a cikin Palenque Holy Week ana bikin, ranar 16 ga Satumba, idin Duk Waliyyai da Ranar Matattu, da ranar Budurwa ta Guadalupe, a ranar 12 ga Disamba.
23. A ina zan iya zama a Palenque?
Hotel Quinta Chanabnal kyakkyawan tsari ne wanda yake kilomita 2 daga Yankin Archaeological; Wuri ne mai kama da juna a tsakiyar daji, an kawata shi da ɗanɗano mai kyau kuma yana da kyawawan wuraren waha. Hotel Chablis Palenque wuri ne mai tsafta tare da kyakkyawan ƙimar inganci / farashi. Hotel Maya Tulipanes Palenque wani masauki ne mai kyawawan wurare da sabis na taka tsantsan. Sauran hanyoyin sune Misión Palenque, Chan-Kah Resort Village da Hotel Villa Mercedes Palenque.
24. Menene gidajen cin abinci da aka fi so?
Gidan cin abinci na Bajlum yana cikin layi tare da sabon abincin pre-Hispanic; Suna bayar da manyan jita-jita kamar farautattun fararen fata, turkey daji, da peccary. Gida ne mai ɗauke da suna wanda zaku rayu da kwarewar gastronomic na pre-Columbian wanda ba za'a iya mantawa dashi ba; yi ajiyar ku kuma shirya katunan kuɗi. Idan naman da ba na yau da kullun ba shine ƙarfin ku ba, a Monte Verde Trattoria da Pizzeria kuna iya ɗanɗanar abincin Italiyanci na yau da kullun, kodayake masoyan sabbin abubuwa ba zasu ji kunya ba. Maya Cañada Restaurant, da Saraguatos da Jade Café wasu zaɓuɓɓuka ne don cin abinci mai kyau a Palenque.
Muna fatan cewa wannan jagorar zai zama mai amfani a gare ku yayin tafiya zuwa Palenque, yana fatan kuna da farin ciki a tsakanin pyramids, temples, waterfalls da jita-jita. Duba ku a dama ta gaba.
