Za mu dauke ku a rangadin yankin Soconusco, a Chiapas, don ƙarin koyo game da fure da ke ɓoye dajin wannan yanki.
Kudu maso gabashin Mexico, da Yankin Soconusco a cikin Chiapas yana ɗaya daga cikin kwanan nan da aka haɗa cikin ƙasar. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko na karni na 20, titin jirgin kasa ya isa Tapachula, amma babu hanyar sadarwa har zuwa 1960. Wataƙila wannan shine babban dalilin da yasa Soconusco har yanzu yana da halaye na kansa kuma ga abin farin ciki har yanzu akwai wasu Kayyade wuraren daji.
A cikin shekarun 1950, noman auduga, kuma tare da ita sojojin gaskiya na ma'aikata waɗanda suka tumɓuke dubunnan bishiyoyi a cikin filayen, saboda haka suna fama da sare bishiyoyi. Daruruwan kadada kadada na gandun daji sun bace daga wata rana zuwa gobe. Babban ɓangaren Soconusco har yanzu tana kula da ciyawar ciyawar ta godiya ga gaskiyar cewa babban amfanin gona shine kofi, wanda ke buƙatar inuwar sauran shrubs don samarwa; Wannan ya ɗan yi tasiri saboda duwatsu ba su rasa wannan launin shuɗi mai duhu wanda, wanda aka gani daga nesa, yake samar da ciyayi.
Wannan babban gandun daji, kamar sauran a Veracruz, Tabasco, Guerrero da wani ɓangare na Oaxaca, babu irinsu a duniya kuma dole ne mu kiyaye su ta kowane hali. Wata shida a shekara suna da ruwan sama mai karfi; duk da haka, shekaru biyu da suka gabata sun ga wasu canje-canje. Ruwan sama na farko na shekarar 1987, wanda a cikin wasu shekarun ya fara a farkon watan Mayu, ya yi hakan har zuwa farkon kwanakin Yuni kuma, akasin abin da mutane da yawa ke tsammani, ruwan ya tashi kusa da 15 ga Oktoba, yana raguwa da shi da ɗan kaɗan wata daya lokacin damina.
A nata bangaren, Satumba 1988 ya kasance ana ruwa sosai, kamar wasu kalilan a da; Hurricanes Christy da Gilberto, wanda ya mamaye kwararar dukkan koguna, magudanan ruwa da ramuka na Soconuscko sun kawo ruwa mai yawa a yankin, amma duk da haka, damina ta '88 ta yi ban kwana kafin ƙarshen Oktoba.
Duk da komai, da danshi yana ci gaba sosai a yankin, wanda ke ba da damar nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire don ci gaba. Soconusco - kusan kilomita 60 fadi da fiye da 100 mai tsayi - yanki ne matsattse tsakanin teku da tsaunuka inda aka kai tsayin tsayi a Tacaná a mita 4,150 sama da matakin teku. Mafi yawan abu an rufe shi gonakin kofi (ɗayan mafi kyau a duniya), tunda tsayin wannan yankin - tsakanin 1,200 da 400 m sama da matakin teku - ya dace da shrub. Gaba gaba zuwa teku, akwai koko, mangoro, waken soya, ayaba, da sauransu. Tekun Fasifik yana wanka da gabar Soconusquense inda babban birni, Tapachula, wanda aka fi sani da "Lu'u-lu'u na Soconusco".
Gandun dajin da na ɗauki hotunan yana kan tsayin daka kusan 400 m, zuwa arewa maso yammacin Tapachula. Mun zabi ribace-ribace na Kogin Nexapa; a gaba, mun shiga cikin zurfin gandun daji mai zafi. Hotunan sun dace da shuke-shuke na daji da furanni waɗanda baƙon abu na rayuwa a yankin, yin biyayya ga sha'awarta, ta samar da su ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Lokacin neman takamaiman samfurai waɗanda suka yi fice saboda kyansu ko launi, da farko mun haɗu da “palo jiote” (Bursera-simarula na gidan burserácea), itaciya mai jan launi wacce ƙushinta ke kasancewa tare da samun finafinanta koyaushe wasu ɓangare tuni daf da iska zata kaishi. Shin katuwar bishiya wanda ya ɗaga jajayen fararta zuwa sama, wanda ke ba da taɓawa ta musamman ga shimfidar ƙasa.
Can a cikin rami, kamar a cikin babban rami, da bijagua (Calathea-discolor) wanda furanni masu launuka masu kyau basu da komai don hassada mafi kyawun samfurin. Shuke-shuke, kimanin tsayin mita, suna haɗuwa da juna tare da manyan ganyensu kamar su sami ƙasa kuma ba su ba da izinin shiga ga wasu masu kutse ba. Tafiya cikin hasken rana mai tsananin gaske ta hanyar sharewa a cikin dajin, sai muka hango can can wata itaciyar siffa wacce ke nuna baƙon farin fure. Munyi ƙoƙari don isa ga tsiron da muke sha'awar, kuma tunda ba za mu iya saukar da shi ba, sai mu daidaita don isa ta tare da kyamarar mu. Babban fure ne wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar tsawaitawa wanda ya fito daga tushe ya faɗi ƙasa. Wasu fungi a gindin ragowar abin bishiya sun dauke mana hankali; can can, wani itace na musamman, wanda aka kiyaye shi da ƙayoyi masu kaifi da barazanar, ya ƙalubalance mu mu kusanto. Yana da elishcanal (Acacia-hinsü), wanda, taimakon wasu tururuwa waɗanda ke zaune kawai a cikin wannan tsire-tsire, suna kare kanta.
Muna tafiya kan hanya kuma zamu shiga cikin dajin daji, kadan kadan zamu sauka kuma muna ganin a gefen hagu wani gandun daji mai tsayi kusan 60 m wanda yake da ruwan Kogin Nexapa a matsayin gindinsa.
Akwai bishiyoyi masu girman gaske da lianas a ko'ina. Rufaffiyar ciyawar ta ba da inuwa mai duhu duk da cewa rana tana daf da ƙarshenta. Ba zato ba tsammani, abokiyar zamana ta gaya mani in yi hankali lokacin tafiya; nettle - wanda aka san shi anan chichicaste-, ya jefa ganyayensa na barazanar akan hanya kuma dole ne muyi taka tsantsan. Muna sannu a hankali muna fuskantar mafi ƙarancin tsire-tsire a cikin wannan gandun daji. Da nettle (Gronoaia-abun kunya)Yin amfani da danshi na Nexapa, kyakkyawa ce kuma shuɗar shuke-shuke mai launi mai ɓoyewa a cikin ganyenta gubar da ke sa maƙarƙashiya mai raɗaɗi bayyana akan fata. Guji chichicaste, zamu ci gaba tare da wannan hanyar ta duhu-duhu kuma mu shiga yankin da mamaye caulote (Guazuma-ulmifolia) wannan yana da yawa a can, har sai ya isa kogin.
Nepaxa yana gudu da sauri, yana haifar da kumfa na ruwan sanyi da fari ƙwarai. Har yanzu rafi ne mai tsabta wanda yake ƙetarewa, kamar sauran mutane, ɗayan mahimmancinmu da abubuwan da ba'a sabuntawa ba: kyakkyawan gandun daji.
TAPALCÚA, CUTAR KO MACIJI?
Mafi yawan mutanen da suka san ta suna cewa ita ce maciji da ake kira tapalcúa, amma ina ganin cewa hakan yafi tsutsa, yadda yakamata annelid, kuma idan haka ne, zai zama mafi girman tsuntsayen duniya wadanda suke a yau.
Na yi kokarin gano daidai yadda ake rarrabuwa a kimiyance amma har yanzu ban sami damar gano komai ba. Wasu lokuta ina tsammanin yana da oligochaete ko opisthopore, amma koyaushe a cikin dangin annelids. A zahiri, halayenta sune na tsutsa tunda bakinta ba komai bane kamar na macizai sannan kuma, kamar na farkon, yana tafiya a hankali sosai duk da cewa lokaci zuwa lokaci yana ƙoƙarin yin hakan a baya; bugu da kari, yana da predilection don zafi.
Kusan dukkan macizai na iya rayuwa a cikin busassun mahalli; Ban da nau'ikan halittun ruwa, macizai suna cinye mafi yawan rayuwarsu daga koguna da gadaje masu dausayi. Tapalcúa, akasin haka, yana sanya danshi yanayinsa ya zama mai dacewa da rayuwa. Duk tsawon halittar su, tapalcúas sun daidaita daidai da hawan danshi kuma wannan shine batun Soconusco a Chiapas.
Da Yankin Soconusco, wanda ke da babban matakin ruwan sama kuma, ƙari, haye da rafuka da rafuka masu yawa, sune matsakaici matsakaici. Wataƙila wasu jihohi na Jamhuriya, kamar Veracruz, Gruerrero da wani ɓangare na Oaxaca yankuna ne waɗanda, saboda yanayin ɗimarsu, tashar jiragen ruwa tapalcúas, amma kamar yadda na sani kawai suna cikin Chiapas Soconusco.
A lokacin watannin damina, lokacin da guguwa, kuma ana ruwan sama na kwana biyu ko uku a jere, ana karfafawa tapalcúa ya bayyana, don haka ba bakon abu bane ka ga suna rarrafe a hankali, musamman a yankunan karkara, kuma suna jin tsoro yayin bata musu suna da macizai.
Kodayake tabbas hermaphrodites, akwai shakku da yawa game da tapalcúa, amma ba zan iya yin mamaki ba ina suke samun mafaka a lokacin watanni bushe waɗanda ke zuwa daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu? Wataƙila suna neman ƙarin gadaje masu ɗumi a gaba kuma su jiƙa har sai sun sami isasshen danshi don ratsa hunturu. Idan kana son mu'amala da tapalcúa a lokacin rani, abinda yafi shine ka tafi kusancin kogi ko rafi ka tona karkashin kasa. Yayin da kake tono, zaka sami ƙarin danshi da ƙasa mai laka; Ba zato ba tsammani, babban fatar mai haske mai duhu zai iya zamewa. Tabbas zai ciyar a cikin wadancan watanni a kan kananan tsutsotsi wadanda, saboda dalilan su, suke fakewa da danshi na koguna da rafuka. Tapalcúas nawa zasu mutu a hanyar su daga gadajen da suka iso lokacin ruwan sama da wuraren da suke lokacin rani, a bakin koguna ko rafuka?
DA SUNANKA NA GASKIYA?
A cikin yankin Soconusco an san shi da tapalcúa, tlapalcúa da tepolcúa, amma menene ainihin sunansa? Na goyi bayan zato cewa kalmar tapalcúa an ƙirƙira ta daga murya aztecatlalli wanda ke nufin ƙasa, kuma decóatlculebra ko maciji. Don haka, asalin muryar zata kasance syeda_abubakar Zai zama daidai da macijin ƙasa ko na ƙasar. Kamar ainihin tsuntsayen ƙasa, tapalcúa ta shiga cikin ƙasa kuma ta ɓace ta cikin ƙananan ramuka a cikin sakan. Sau ɗaya, mun ɗauki samfurin mun sa shi a cikin kwalba, bayan fewan mintoci kaɗan sai muka fara sakin wani ruwa mai sabulu wanda ke sauƙaƙa motsinsa a cikin duniya, muddin yana da ruwa.
A zahiri, tapalcúa tana da halaye da yawa na macizai, galibi saboda girmanta, tunda mafi ƙarancin samfuran na iya auna kusan rabin mita kuma zuwa 4 cm a diamita. Koyaya, ba maciji bane, amma a gigantic earthworm wanda za a iya kiransa sarauniya kuma mai iko da tsutsotsi.
LABARI GAME DA TAPALCÚA
Sun ce a yankin cewa tapalcúa na iya shiga cikin tsarin narkewar abinci ta dubura, idan dabba ta fito fili. An kuma ce cewa hanya ɗaya da mutum zai jefa tapalcúa ita ce ya zaunar da ita da wuri-wuri a cikin akwati da madara; dabbar, ta hango kasancewar madara, ta bar nan da nan. Amma a ƙarshen rana tapalcúa annelid ne mara lahani, kuma kodayake yana haifar da tsoro ga wanda ya fuskance shi, amma ba shi da ikon cutar da mutum.
