A lokacin daukaka na al'adun pre-Hispanic kamar Mayan, da Mexica, da Totonac, da kuma tsakanin Phoenicians, Greek da Rome, ana amfani da katantanwa don ayyukan addini.
Kusan shekaru goma da suka wuce, jim kaɗan bayan yin ruwa a cikin Cozumel tare da kyakkyawan mai kare tekunmu, Ramón Bravo, na tuna cewa na ba da shawarar mu ci abincin teku, sannan ya yi sharhi: “Na guji cin abincin da aka yi da conch, kamar yadda na yi la’akari da cewa ina ba da gudummawa ta wannan hanyar, aƙalla kaɗan, ga kiyaye rayuwar ruwan teku ”.
Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, wani babban masanin rayuwar ruwa, Jacques Ives Cousteau, ya ce: "Gastropod mollusks za a iya ɗauka a cikin haɗari masu haɗari kusan ko'ina a duniya."
Katantanwa suna cikin nau'in zinare kuma a yau sun haɗa da dubban nau'ikan nau'ikan siffofi da girma dabam-dabam. A cikin duniyar dabbobi, mololuwa suna wakiltar rukuni na biyu cikin mahimmancin adadi na nau'ikan da aka bayyana, daga cikinsu akwai sama da nau'ikan halittu masu rai dubu 130 kuma kusan dubu 35 a cikin wani yanki mai burbushin halittu; kwari ne kawai suka fi su yawa. Muhimmancin muhalli yana da asali saboda yawan halaye da halaye masu yawa: mafi yawansu na iya zama a matakai daban-daban a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar rayuwa a duk tsawon rayuwar su, kamar a matakin trocófora da velíger larvae na ruwa, wanda daga baya a matsayin su na manya suna cikin tsarukan halittu wadanda ma'aunin su yake.
Mollusks, wanda sunansa na Latin, mollis, ke nufin "mai laushi", sun kasance daga babban rukuni na dabbobi wanda ke nuna kamanceceniya da juna; Koyaya, tsarin jikinsu duka yana bin tsarin asali wanda aka samo asali daga magabata ɗaya, wanda ya samo asali jim kaɗan kafin zamanin Cambrian, shekaru miliyan 500 da suka gabata, lokacin da suka hau kan duwatsu da santsi mai zurfin ruwa.
Tarihin ilimin kasa da yawa na katantanwa ya samo asali ne daga kwasfa ta ma'adinai, wanda ya ba da damar kiyaye su a cikin tsarin burbushin halittu wanda kuma ya samar da wadataccen tarihin tarihi. Tare da bayan da aka rufe ta da kariya, mai kariya daga kayan ciki, daga farko, wannan daskararren kayan halittar jaraba wanda ake kira conchiolin, daga baya an karfafa shi da lu'ulu'u na carbonate.
Katantanwa suna cikin mafi yawan ƙananan invertebrates, kuma harsashinsu ɗaya, rauni mai rauni, yana ƙirƙirar sifofi marasa iyaka: madaidaici, zagaye, spiny, elongated, smooth, stellate and ornate. Matsakaicin girman su yakai tsakanin 2 zuwa 6 cm a tsayi, amma akwai kanana da manya. A cikin wasu rukuni na mollusks, wasu nau'ikan sun fi girma, kamar su bivalve Tridacna na Kudancin Fasifik, tare da 1.5 m a diamita, ko waɗancan squid da kuma manyan dorinar ruwa na rukunin cephalopod wanda ya kai fiye da mita ɗaya tsayi.
YADDA AKA SAMU FASSARA DA LAUNIYA
Daga cikin sanannun sune gastropod mollusks, wanda aka fi sani da bawo ko katantanwa. Waɗannan dabbobi masu taushi ne waɗanda ba za su fi kyau ba in ba don baƙuwansu ba, waɗanda aka yi la'akari da ƙwarewar yanayi, waɗanda suka bambanta daga 1 zuwa 40 cm a tsayi. Launi mai haske a cikin jinsunan bakin teku da murjani ya bambanta da sautunan duhu na waɗanda ke da ƙauyen da ke inuwa da kuma ƙarƙashin duwatsu; don haka muke da cewa kowane katantanwa sakamakon sakamako ne da yanayin sa, inda wasu jinsunan ke ajiye kyau da tsananin kalar su na cikin su.
Gastropods sun sami wadatacciyar fitowar jujjuyawar juzu'i tsakanin maƙera kuma sune mafi wadata; An rarraba su a cikin dukkanin latitude a kusan kowane mahalli, inda suke zaune a ƙasa mai yashi da laka da duwatsu masu duwatsu, murjani, jiragen ruwa da kuma mangroves, har ma suna tsira daga ruwa, a kan duwatsun da raƙuman ruwa ke fasawa; wasu kuma suka mamaye ruwan sabo kuma suka dace da kusan dukkanin yanayin mahalli a cikin tsaunuka daban-daban; kuma kifayen kifin sun rasa kwayayensu kuma sun juye sun zama alkyabbar huhu, don cin nasarar samaniya inda suke da yawa dazuzzuka, gandun daji da hamada, har ma suna iyakan iyakar dusar ƙanƙara ta har abada.
A cikin tarihin wadannan kyawawan abubuwan kirkirar da wata karamar dabba ta kere kere suna da jan hankali na musamman tsakanin masana kimiyya, manyan mutane, da kuma talakawa. Yawancin mutanen da suka ziyarci rairayin bakin teku kuma suka sami katantanwa, sukan dauke shi zuwa gida kuma galibi suna la'akari da kyanta na jiki ne kawai don yin ado da wani kayan ɗaki ko ciki na abin baje koli; Koyaya, masu tara abubuwa suna rarraba samfurinsu cikin tsari, yayin da mafiya yawa suka gwammace su yaba musu saboda ƙanshinsu mai daɗi, kuma a gabar ruwanmu mai dumi har ma sun sami kaddarorin abubuwan almara na aphrodisiac.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da matukar tasiri ga al'adun mutane, kuma tun zamanin da mutane da yawa suna amfani da su don dalilai na addini, tattalin arziki, fasaha da nishaɗi. An kimanta wasu nau'ikan saboda mahimmancin addininsu da aka gudanar a cikin tarihin al'adu daban-daban, inda aka yi amfani da su azaman bayarwa da kayan ado ga wasu alloli da sifofi. Don haka, yayin darajan al'adun pre-Hispanic kamar Mayan, da Mexica da Totonac. sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a mahangar sa ta duniya; Haka yake a tsakanin Finikiyawa, Masarawa, Helenawa, Romawa da sauransu, waɗanda kuma suka yi amfani da su azaman abinci, bayarwa, kayan ado, kuɗi, makamai, kiɗa, don ado da sadarwa, har ma da samun launuka don rina tufafin masu daraja. .
Ga kasa kamar Mexico, wacce ke da gabar teku mai yawa, katantanwar teku suna wakiltar muhimmiyar hanya wacce ke samar da hanyoyin samun aiki da yawa ga masunta, masu girki, dillalai, da masu sana'ar hannu, gami da kwararru a kimiyyar teku, ilmin halitta, da kuma kiwon kifi. A gefe guda, takamaiman bambancin sa ya ba da izinin ci gaban ayyukan bincike da kuma samar da cikakken bayani game da rukunin, wanda ke taimakawa yin yanke shawara daidai wajan gudanar da babban rukunin gastropod.
KIYAYEWA DA BARAZANAR JIMA'I
A halin yanzu, a gabar tekunmu, galibin manyan jinsunan, wadanda ake ci ko kuma masu nunawa, sun kamu da cutar ta kama, kamar yadda lamarin yake na abalones (Haliotis), kofato (Cassis), hoda mai ruwan hoda (Hexaplex) da Black murex (Muricanthus), ko dodannin Purple (Purpura patula) a cikin Pacific; Hakazalika, a cikin Tekun Mexico da Caribbean, manyan katantanwa, kamar su sarauniya conch (Strombus gigas), sabon (Charonia variegata), babban ɗakin bauta (Pleuroploca gigantea), akuya mai ƙaranci (Busycon contrarium), mashaya masu ban sha'awa (Cypraea zebra), spiny goat (Melongena corona) da tulip (Fasciolaria tulipa), da waɗanda ba su da yawa, tare da sautunan ban mamaki, ko kuma saboda ƙafafunsu na muscular na iya zama na kasuwanci.
A cikin Meziko da duniya, rashin ingancin nau'ikan halittu da yawa na nuna alamar yiwuwar bacewa, saboda babu wani takamaiman tsari na duniya game da kiyaye su; a yau masana kimiyya da masunta sun gano cewa kusan babu wani wuri inda hakar su ba ta cutar da yawan su ba. A cikin kasarmu ya zama dole a kare a matsayin babban fifikon nau'ikan katantanwa da aka yi wa illa; inganta isassun shirye-shiryen amfani da kasuwanci da kuma gudanar da bincike mai inganci kan nau'ikan barazanar.
Adadin nau'ikan gida suna da yawa, saboda kusan an bayyana nau'in 1 000 na Arewacin Amurka da 6 500 ga duk Amurka, waɗanda muke tare da su da yawa, tunda a cikin ruwan Tekun Meziko fiye da ɗari biyu ne aka rubuta na katantanwa tare da harsashi na waje, waɗanda suke ɓangare na gastropod da aji na bivalve. Kodayake gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar wannan dabbobin ruwa mai yalwa, amma mun sani cewa yana da wuya a sami wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙarnnin da suka gabata, komai yana cikin kowa kuma kusan babu iyaka ga ƙarfin farautarmu.
Tun daga makarantar firamare, yaran yau suna nazarin ilimin yanayin ƙasa, suna sane da matsalolin muhalli kuma suna koyan alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta, muhalli da mutum. Wataƙila wannan ilimin na muhalli ya takaita tasirin tasirin rayuwar ruwa, ba a makara sosai; Amma idan wannan adadin ya ci gaba, ɓarna na iya zama mai ban mamaki fiye da tsarin yanayin ƙasa. Wadannan zuri'ar wasu daga cikin halittun farko a duniya zasu iya bacewa, kuma hakika kyawawan ayyuka ne na kere-kere, wadanda tare da launuka da sifofi mara iyaka wadanda suke baiwa mai fasahar zane mamaki, yaudarar talakawa kuma tsarinsu mai gamsarwa ya gamsar da mai tara abubuwa sosai; Ba shi da wata ma'ana, idan halittu ne da dabba mai rikitarwa, wacce koyaushe ke daukar gidanta a bayanta.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 273 / Nuwamba 1999
