Mexico City, ita ce babbar cibiyar yawan jama'a a ƙasar, ita ce wurin da a duk cikin tarihin ikon ƙungiyoyi da na addini suka tattara.
A zamanin pre-Hispanic ya kasance yana zaune ne ta hanyar kabilun Mexica daga almara mai suna Aztlán, waɗanda suka zauna a wurin da tsohon annabcin ya nuna: dutse inda za a sami murtsatsi kuma a kansa gaggafa mai cinye maciji. Dangane da bayanan tarihi, Mexica sun sami wannan wurin kuma suka zauna a wurin don ba shi sunan Tenochtitlan; Wasu masana sun karkata ga yin tunanin cewa sunan ya fito ne daga laƙabin firist ɗin da ya jagorance su: Tenoch, kodayake kuma an ba shi ma'anar "rami na allahntaka inda Mexltli yake."
Ya kasance shekara ta 1325 lokacin da tsibirin ya fara yawa, ya fara gina ƙaramar cibiyar bikin wanda, tare da shigewar lokaci, aka ƙara gidajen sarauta, gine-ginen mulki da hanyoyi waɗanda suka haɗa shi da babban yankin da garuruwan Tepeyac, Tacuba, Iztapalapa da Coyoacán. Girman ci gaban da ba a saba da shi ba ya kasance a cikin birni mai tsari, tare da hadaddun tsarin chinampas da aka gina akan tafkin kwarin, hanyoyin da muka ambata a baya da hanyoyin ruwa wadanda suka hada ruwa da kasa, da kuma gadoji da makullai don daidaita ruwan. Baya ga wannan, ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewar da ya bunkasa cikin kusan shekaru 200 ana jinsa da karfi sosai a kusan dukkanin bangarorin al'adu na lokacin. Wannan saurin cigaban birni na asali ya kasance abin birgewa cewa, da zuwan turawan Spain a cikin 1519, sunyi mamakin babban tsarin birni da zamantakewar da aka gabatar musu.
Bayan wasu rikice-rikicen sojoji da suka kawo karshen faduwar wannan birni na asali, 'yan asalin kasar Spain suka fara zama a Coyoacán, inda Kyaftin Hernán Cortés ya ba wa wadanda ke karkashinsa lada da ganimar da aka samu a Tenochtitlan, a daidai lokacin da aikin kafawa. babban birni na masarautar New Spain, sanya masu iko da ƙirƙirar Hallin Gari na farko. Sun fara tunanin kafa shi a garuruwan Coyoacán, Tacuba da Texcoco, kodayake Cortés ya yanke shawarar cewa tunda Tenochtitlan ya kasance shine mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi mahimmancin ƙarfin ikon 'yan asalin, shafin ya zama wurin zama na sabuwar gwamnatin New Spain.
A farkon shekarar 1522 aka fara tsara sabon garin na Sifen, wani kamfani da ke kula da maginin Alonso García Bravo, wanda ya sanya shi a tsohuwar Tenochtitlan, ya maido da hanyoyi da kuma bayyana wuraren da za a gina da amfani da Spaniards a siffar reticular, an keɓe kewayenta ga 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wannan yana da iyaka, a wata hanya mai ƙima, titin Santísima zuwa gabas, na San Jerónimo ko San Miguel a kudu, na Santa Isabel zuwa yamma da yankin Santo Domingo a arewa, suna kiyaye yankuna huɗu na Wani gari ne na asali wanda aka sanya sunayen kirista na San Juan, Santa María, San Sebastián da San Pablo. Bayan haka, fara gine-gine ya fara, farawa da "filayen jiragen ruwa", sansanin soja wanda ya ba Mutanen Spain damar kare kansu daga yiwuwar boren 'yan asalin ƙasar. Mai yiwuwa an gina wannan sansanin soja tsakanin 1522 da 1524, a wurin da daga baya za'a gina Asibitin de San Lázaro. Sabon yawan har yanzu yana riƙe da sunan Tenochtitlan na ɗan lokaci, kodayake na Temixtitan ya jirkita shi. Gine-ginen da suka taimaka mata a farkon wayewar mulkin mallaka wani filin jirgi ne, wanda iyakantattun Tacuba, San José el Real, Empedradillo da plateros, gidajen gidan gari, shagon yankakke, gidan yari, shagunan 'yan kasuwa da filaye. inda aka sanya gungume da matashin kai. Godiya ga saurin ci gaban sulhun, a cikin 1548 an ba ta rigar makamai da taken "birni mai mutunci, fitacce kuma mai aminci".
A ƙarshen karni na 16, babban birni na New Spain yana da mahimman gine-gine kusan 35, waɗanda ƙalilan daga cikinsu an kiyaye su saboda gyare-gyare da sake ginin da suka sha wahala. Don haka, misali, a cikin 1524 haikalin da gidan ibada na San Francisco, ɗayan tsofaffi; an raba gidan zuhudun a cikin lokuta masu zuwa kuma an gyara haikalin a cikin karni na 18 inda aka ƙara façade na Churrigueresque. Har ila yau akwai makarantar San Idelfonso, wanda aka kafa a 1588 kuma Uba Cristóbal de Escobar y Llamas ya sake gina shi a farkon rabin ƙarni na 18, tare da manyan façades na salon incipient Churrigueresque. Wani daga cikin waɗannan gine-ginen shine saitin haikalin da gidan zuhudu na Santo Domingo, farkon tsarin Dominican a ƙasar; Sananne ne cewa an tsarkake haikalin a 1590 kuma asalin gidan zuhudu an maye gurbinsa da wani wanda aka gina a 1736 a cikin salon Baroque, kodayake gidan zuhudun bai wanzu ba. A gefen gabas na haikalin, an gina Fadar Masarautar, aiki daga 1736 wanda ya maye gurbin kotun da ke can; hadadden ya gina ta ne ta hanyar mai tsara gine-gine Pedro de Arrieta a cikin salon soyayyar baroque. A halin yanzu yana dauke da Gidan Tarihi na Magungunan Mexico.
Jami'ar Royal da Pontifical University of Mexico, mafi tsufa a Amurka, a yau ta ɓace, an kafa ta ne a 1551 kuma Kyaftin Melchor Dávila ne ya gina ginin. Abinda ke rataye da shi shine Fadar Archbishop, an buɗe shi a 1554 kuma an gyara shi a 1747. Akwai kuma asibiti da cocin Yesu, waɗanda aka kafa a 1524 kuma ɗayan thean gine-ginen da ke kula da asalinta. Masana tarihi sun nuna wurin da suke a matsayin wurin da Hernán Cortés da Moctezuma II suka hadu lokacin da tsohon ya isa garin. Cikin asibitin ya kasance yana da ragowar Hernán Cortés shekaru da yawa.
Wani saitin asibiti da haikalin shine na San Juan de Dios, wanda aka kafa a 1582 kuma aka gyara shi a cikin karni na 17 tare da ƙofar haikali mai walƙiya irin ta Baroque. Babban cocin Metropolitan shine ɗayan manyan gine-gine masu tarihi a cikin birni. Gininsa ya fara ne a cikin 1573 daga aikin da mai ginin gidan Claudio de Arciniega, kuma aka kammala shi kusan shekaru 300 daga baya tare da sa hannun maza kamar José Damián Ortiz de Castro da Manuel Tolsá. Babban rukunin sun zo don haɗaka cikin tsarinta mai ƙarfi iri daban-daban waɗanda suka fito daga Baroque zuwa Neoclassical, suna ratsawa ta hanyar Herrerian.
Abun takaici, yawan ambaliyar da ta lalata garin a wancan lokacin ya taimaka wajen lalata babban ɓangaren gine-ginen daga ƙarni na 16 da farkon ƙarni na 17; Koyaya, tsohuwar Tenochtitlan, tare da sabunta ƙoƙari, zai samar da kyawawan gine-gine a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
