A cikin babban yanki na tsaunuka da kwazazzabai na Saliyo Madre Occidental, al'adu iri-iri masu asali na asali sun zauna tsawon ƙarni; wasu sun ɓace wasu kuma sun sake aiwatar da ayyukan tarihi wanda ya ci gaba da rayuwa har zuwa yau.
Iyakokin jihohin Nayarit, Jalisco, Zacatecas da Durango sun zama yanki na fasaha inda Huichols, Coras, Tepehuanos da Mexicaneros suka kasance tare. Uku na farko sune ƙungiyoyi masu rinjaye kuma sun kasance a matsayin batun nazarin tarihi da ilimin ɗan adam, sabanin Mexicaneros waɗanda a tarihi ba a san su ba.
A yanzu haka akwai ƙauyuka uku na ƙasar Mexico: Santa Cruz, a cikin jihar Nayarit, da San Agustín de San Buenaventura da San Pedro Jícoras, a kudu maso gabashin jihar Durango. Al’ummomin suna zaune a cikin kwazazzabai inda babu hanyoyi. Matsarwar sakamakon sakamakon doguwar tafiya wanda zai ba ku damar jin daɗin zafin rana kuma ku ga ƙauyuka, koguna da rijiyoyi. Hakanan suna ba da damar lura da fure da fauna tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba safai ba kyawawa irin su magpies, herons, suckers, squirrels da deer.
A lokacin fari akwai yiwuwar gano sautunan zinare da tagulla na tsaunuka, wanda ke ba mu damar yin tunanin yanayin mutum da silhouettes.
Labarin sa
Mexicaneros rukuni ne wanda ke magana da bambancin Nahuatl. Asalinta ya haifar da rikice-rikice iri-iri, ba a san idan asalinsu na Tlaxcala ba ne, idan ya fito ne daga Saliyo da ke Nahuatlized a lokacin Mulkin Mallaka, ko kuma idan jama'a ce da suka koma Saliyo a daidai lokacin. Gaskiyar ita ce ƙungiya ce wacce a al'adance ta kasance ta maharba ne kuma tarihinsu shine Mesoamerican. Game da tatsuniyoyi, an ce a zamanin da wani aikin hajji ya bar arewa wanda ya tafi tsakiyar bayan mikiya. Daga wannan aikin hajji, wasu iyalai sun zauna a Tenochtitlan wasu kuma sun ci gaba ta hanyar Janitzio da Guadalajara har sai da suka isa inda suke a yanzu.
Bukukuwan Noma
Mexicaneros suna aikin gona mai ruwan sama a kan ƙasa mai duwatsu, saboda haka suka bar wani yanki ya huta tsawon shekaru goma don sake amfani dashi. Sun fi girma masara kuma suna haɗa shi da squash da wake. Ana yin aikin ne ta gida da dangi. Bukukuwan aikin gona suna da mahimmanci a cikin zamantakewar ƙungiyar. Abubuwan da ake kira mitotes, al'adar kwalliya, bukukuwa ne na neman ruwan sama, jin daɗin albarkatu, albarkar 'ya'yan itatuwa da neman lafiya. A takaice, bikin gabatar da koke ne na rayuwa wanda ke gudana a farfajiyar da aka sanya tun zamani mai tsawo ga iyalai masu sunayen mahaifinsu kuma a cikin sararin samaniya wanda yake a cibiyar addini-siyasa. Suna aiwatarwa tsakanin shagulgula ɗaya zuwa biyar don kowane ɗayan lokuta biyar na shekara. Mitididdigar jama'a sune: elxuravetde oiwit feather (Fabrairu-Maris), aguaat (Mayu-Yuni) da eloteselot (Satumba-Oktoba).
Al'ada tana buƙatar jerin ƙauraran don kasancewa a tsakar gida kuma su shiga cikin ayyukan. Bikin na tsawan kwana biyar kuma “patio major” ke jagoranta, an horar dashi tsawon shekaru biyar don riƙe wannan matsayin na rayuwa. Gersauyen suna ɗaukar furanni da katako, da safe, har zuwa rana ta huɗu. Waɗannan hadaya an ajiye su a kan bagaden wanda aka nufi gabas. Magajin garin patio yana yin addu’a ko “ba da rabo” da safe, da azahar da kuma la’asar; ma’ana, idan rana ta fito, lokacin da take kan zenith da lokacin faduwarta.
A rana ta hudu, da dare, ana fara rawa tare da halartar maza, mata da yara. Dattijon ya sanya kayan kidan a gefe ɗaya na wutar don mawaƙin ya ga gabas yayin da yake kunna shi. Maza da mata suna rawa sauti biyar a kewayen wuta tsawon daren kuma suna ratsa “Rawar Deer”. Esan son na buƙatar yin rawar gani ta mawaƙa, wanda ke amfani da kayan aikin da aka yi da babban bule, wanda ke aiki azaman akwatin sautin, da baka mai katako tare da zaren ixtle. An sanya baka a kan gourd din kuma an buge shi da ƙananan sanduna. Sautunan sune Rawan Tsuntsu, Gashin Tsuntsu, Tamale, Deer da Babban Taurari.
Ana kammala rawa a wayewar gari, tare da faɗuwar barewa. Wannan rawa rawa ce ta mutumin da ke ɗauke da ƙyallen fata a bayansa da kansa a hannunsa. Suna kwaikwayon farautarsu yayin bin wani mutum wanda yayi kama da kare. Dawa ta yi wa mahalarta barkwanci da ɓarna. A cikin dare mafiya rinjaye suna kula da jagorantar shirya abinci na al'ada, tare da taimakon masu unguwanni da sauran matan gari.
"Chuina" shine abincin al'ada. Yana da nama wanda aka gauraya da batter. A wayewar gari, babba kuma mafi yawansu suna wanke fuskokinsu da kayan cikinsu da ruwa. Bikin ya hada da kalmomin wani masanin al'ada wanda ya tuno da aikin ci gaba da kauracewa har na karin kwanaki hudu don "biyayya" da allahn da ke ba da damar wanzuwar su.
A yayin wannan bikin, maganganu na magana da na al'ada suna aiwatar da hangen nesa na rukuni na rukuni ta hanya mara kyau; alamomi da ma'anoni, ban da nuna kusancin dangantaka tsakanin mutum da halitta. Duwatsu, ruwa, rana, wuta, babban tauraro, Yesu Kiristi, da aikin mutum, sun ba da damar tabbatar da wanzuwar mutum.
Bangarori
Bukukuwan dangi na gari suna da yawa. Mutanen Mexicaneros suna bikin Candelaria, Carnival, Easter, San Pedro, Santiago da Santur.
Yawancin waɗannan bukukuwa ana shirya su ne daga magajin gari wanda cajin na shekara-shekara ne.
Bukukuwan suna tsawan kwana takwas da shirya su shekara guda. Ranar da ta gabata, jajibirin, ranar, isar da rawa, da sauransu, ranaku ne da masu gari za su ba wa waliyyai abinci, su gyara cocin kuma su shirya tare da hukumomin yankin don yin rawar “Palma da Zane ", wanda matasa da" Malinche "ke halarta. Tufafinsu kala-kala ne kuma suna sanya rawanin da aka yi da takarda ta ƙasar Sin.
Rawar tana tare da kiɗa, raye-rayen raye-raye da canje-canje. Hakanan ana aiwatar dashi yayin aiwatarwa, yayin da magajin gari ke ɗauke da faranti mai tsarki.
Makon Mai Tsarki biki ne mai tsananin tsauri don kamewa, kamar cin nama, taɓa ruwan kogi saboda alama ce ta jinin Kristi, da sauraron kiɗa; wadannan sun kai matakin qarshe idan lokacin karya su yayi.
A ranar "Asabar ta ɗaukaka" mataimakan sun taru a cikin cocin, kuma saitin zaren violin, guitar da guitarrón suna fassara polkas biyar. Sannan jerin gwano tare da hotunan ya tafi, harba rokoki, da kuma masu unguwannin suna ɗauke da manyan kwanduna tare da tufafin tsarkaka.
Sun tafi kogin, inda mai kula ya ƙone roka don alama cewa tuni an ba shi izinin taɓa ruwan. Hakiman gari suna wanke tufafin tsarkaka kuma suna sanya su bushewa a cikin dajin da ke kusa. A halin yanzu, magajin gari suna ba wa mahalarta taron, a hayin kogin, 'yan tabarau na "guachicol" ko mezcal da aka samar a yankin. An dawo da hotunan zuwa haikalin kuma an sake saka tufafi masu tsabta.
Wani bikin kuma shine na Santur ko na Difuntos. Shirye-shiryen hadaya shine dangi kuma suna sanya sadaka a cikin gidaje da kuma cikin pantheon. Suna yanka zucchini, masara a kan cob da peas, kuma suna yin ƙananan tortillas, kyandir, suna dafa kabewa kuma suna zuwa makabarta, suna yanke furen javielsa akan hanya. A cikin kaburburan ana ba da kyautar manya da ta yara don tsabar kuɗi da zaƙi ko kuki na dabbobi. A nesa, bisa tsaunuka, ana iya ganin motsi na fitilu cikin duhu; Su dangi ne da ke zuwa gari da faranti. Bayan sanya abubuwan hadayarsu, sai suka tafi cocin kuma a ciki sun sanya wasu hadayu tare da kyandir a kusa da ita; to jama'a suna kallo duk dare.
Mutane daga wasu al'ummomi suna zuwa idin San Pedro, saboda su majiɓinci ne na ban mamaki. San Pedro shine farkon lokacin damina, kuma mutane suna ɗokin wannan ranar. A ranar 29 ga Yuni suna ba da naman shanu a tsakar rana; mawaƙa suna bin duk wanda ya ɗauke su aiki suna yawo cikin gari. Wurin dafa abincin ya kasance yana cike da mata da dangi. Da dare akwai jerin gwano, tare da raye-raye, hukumomi, mahauta da sauran jama'a. A karshen jerin gwanon, suna kona rokoki marasa adadi da ke haskaka sararin samaniya tare da fitilunsu masu saurin tashi na mintina da yawa. Ga Mexicaneros, kowane ranar bikin yana nuna sarari a cikin aikin gona da lokacin biki.
