Garin Querétaro, wanda aka kafa a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 1532, an dauke shi birni na uku mafi mahimmanci a cikin New Spain saboda albarkatun da yake da shi, yanayin da ya ba ta damar aiki a matsayin cibiyar samar da manyan wuraren hakar ma'adanai da ke kusa da ita.
Wani birni da aka haɓaka a ƙarƙashin kasancewar strongan asalin ƙasa mai ƙarfi, ya haɗu zuwa cikin keɓaɓɓiyar fasaha kuma aka fassara ta hanyarta tasirin mai nasara, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga kudancin Spain, inda gine-ginen Mudejar ya bar koyarwa mai zurfi.
Querétaro ya kai darajarta a karni na goma sha takwas, lokacin da umarnin addini goma sha takwas suka zauna a cikin mahallin da suka gina wannan katafaren ginin gine-ginen da za mu iya sha'awar yau kuma hakan ya haifar da UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin al'adun al'adu na ɗan adam.
Wajibi ne ayi tafiya ta Cibiyar Tarihi na garin Querétaro, daga Sangremal zuwa gidan Santa Rosa de Viterbo, da kuma Alameda zuwa Unguwar Otra Banda, inda muhallin da ya gabata ya kasance tare da ɗayan biranen. mafi karfin kasar. Ba za a rasa abubuwan tarihi masu zuwa a wannan yawon shakatawa ba: Tsarin ruwa, babban aikin gine-ginen farar hula wanda ya ba da izinin jigilar ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan zuwa gabashin garin kuma ta haka ne ya inganta ingantaccen ci gaban garin a cikin ƙarni na 18, wanda aka fara a cikin 1723 ta Marquis na Villa del Villar del Águila; Ginshiƙan masonry 72, mafi girma daga cikinsu 23 m, da 13 m share, ya jagoranci ruwan zuwa tsarin maɓuɓɓugar jama'a wanda har yanzu ana kiyaye su, irin su na Zaki, a cikin gidan Franciscan convent na Santa Cruz. , wanda yake a cikin mafi girman ɓangaren garin da ƙarshen ƙarshen Ruwa. Daga cikin wa] annan kafofin sun yi fice saboda ingancin sa na Neptune, a cikin atrium na haikalin Santa Clara (Madero da Allende); Siffar sa (irinta, asalin tana cikin Fadar Municipal) ance ta Kristi ce wacce ta rikide zuwa Neptune, daga ita ake ɗaukar sunanta. Ya dace a ziyarci Hanged Fountain a hanyar Zaragoza, hanyar Santo Domingo da Fuente a Hebe a cikin lambun Benito Zenea.
Daga cikin gine-ginen farar hula an bayyana gine-ginen Gidajen Masarauta, wanda ke cikin babban dandali, Fadar Gwamnati ta yanzu, wurin da corregidora, Misis Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, ta ba da gargaɗi don yunƙurin samun 'yanci. Casa de Ecala yana cikin wannan filin, a gefen yamma, tare da babban façade dutse, wanda aka sassaka da kyau. Sunan Maɓuɓɓuka na Karnuka an lakafta shi don maɓuɓɓugansa tare da karnuka huɗu, waɗanda ke tsara ginshiƙan da ke goyan bayan tasirin mai taimako na Querétaro, Marqués de la Villa del Villar del Águila. Idan muka sauka kan tsohuwar titin Biombo (a yau Andador 5 de Mayo) mun sami gidan Conde de Regla ko House of the Five Patios, tare da kyawawan baranda na "polylobed" baka da kuma wani aiki mai ban mamaki a kan jigon baka wanda ya zana hotunan mashigar ruwa, kazalika da kyakkyawan shingen aiki, aikin ƙera Faransawa mai yiwuwa daga ƙarni na 19. Mun kuma sami Casa de la Marquesa, misali na gine-ginen "Mudejar" da aka kawata, wanda a yau aka canza shi zuwa otal; Gateofarta da bakunan ƙarfinta waɗanda suka shimfiɗa baranda abin birgewa ne.
Querétaro ya fito fili don murabba'ai, tituna da kuma manyan gidaje, saboda haka aka ba da shawarar ziyarci tsarinta na murabba'ai, inda yawancin waɗannan gine-ginen suke. An haɗu da murabba'ai ta hanyar kyawawan tituna masu kwalliya (duwatsu masu ƙwanƙwasa daga kwazazzabo, waɗanda aka sassaka da hannu, waɗanda ke ba da halaye na musamman ga kusan dukkanin titunan Cibiyar Tarihi) waɗanda a daddafe suke kuma an gyara fasalinsu a rabi na biyu na karnin wannan ya wuce.
Daga wani zamani na baya-bayan nan shine Casa Mota, a cikin wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa, akan titin Madero, a gaban Santa Clara - wanda yake da façade wanda aka shimfida ta sosai -. Fadar Municipal, wacce façade nata kuma yayi daidai da yanayin ƙa'idodi, kodayake tsarinta na cikin zamanin da ne, a yau an maishe shi da kyau kuma shine wurin zama na Gwamnatin Municipal; Tana can gefen kudu na tsohuwar gonar bishiyar Santa Clara - yanzu an juye ta zuwa Lambun Guerrero - kuma an kewaye ta da wasu laurel na Indiya a kai a kai, wanda hakan wani yanki ne na filin Bajio na Mexico.
Game da gine-ginen addini, ba za ku iya rasa haikalin da gidan ibada na Santa Rosa de Viterbo ba, babu shakka ginin da ya fi kowane wakilci na baroque mai farin ciki wanda aka ƙawata shi sosai, inda ainihin zanen fuskarta, falon, hasumiya, dome da ciki. Akwai abubuwa marasa adadi da ke haifar da sha'awar kowa: kagaggen botorel arche –a wanda babu irinsa ta wurin maginin gidan Mariano de las Casas –, abubuwan bangon bagaruwa, ,an mawaƙa –an asalin Jamusawa-, sacristy ɗinsa, inda teburinsa ya keɓe. kayan ado na girman rai da sassakar Kristi da manzanninsa; Kayan aikinta a yau shine harabar makarantar zane-zane. Haikali da gidan ibada na San Agustín, ginin da aka kammala a farkon rabin karni na 18, a yau ya zama Gidan Tarihi na Art, babban sanannen misali ne na ƙwarewar Quontaro stonemason; kayanta, misali na "ultra-baroque", aiki ne mara misaltuwa don yaduwar sassakar sa.
Gidan zuhudu da gidan ibada na Santa Clara yana da kyawawan bagadai waɗanda aka yi da itacen da aka sassaka; A cikin wannan aikin fitaccen maƙerin sa yana aiki a cikin ƙananan mawaƙa da kuma a cikin gallery a cikin ɓangaren sama; yawan kwalliyarta babban misali ne na kyawon da aka samu a cikin kayan ado na baroque, wadatattun siffofinsa sun sa bagadanta, tare da na Santa Rosa de Viterbo, mafi kyawun halayen halayen ƙawancen zamanin zinariya na Queretaro.
Menene querétaro yake nufi?
Akwai nau'i biyu: daya, cewa kalmar ta fito ne daga Tarascan queretaparazicuyo, wanda ke nufin "wasan ƙwallo", kuma an taƙaita shi a Querétaro; dayan kuma, na querenda, wanda a cikin yare guda yana nufin "babban dutse ko dutse", ko queréndaro: "wurin manyan duwatsu ko duwatsu".
Babban birnin sau biyu
Garin Querétaro ya kasance babban birni na Jamhuriyar Meziko sau biyu: na farko a shekara ta 1848, tare da Manuel de la Peña y Peña shugaban ƙasa, na biyu kuma a 1916, lokacin da Venustiano Carranza suka mamaye garin.
