Kamar daji da ƙarfi kamar yadda yake a zamanin Kyaftin Juan de Grijalva, kogin wani ƙarfi ne wanda ba a taɓa shi ba wanda ya tashi a cikin manyan duwatsu na Guatemala.
Kamar daji da ƙarfi kamar yadda yake a zamanin Kyaftin Juan de Grijalva, kogin ƙarfi ne wanda ba a taɓa shi ba wanda ke tashi a manyan duwatsu na Guatemala kuma da zarar ya tattara ruwan Lacantún, Usumacinta ya shiga yankin na Mexico tare da duk abubuwan da ke yanzu. mai sauri da zurfi har sai ya sami nasarar nasara zuwa babbar tashar Boca del Cerro.
Yana ci gaba da tafiya ne ta hanyar kudu maso gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma kuma yana yin hanyarsa ta manya manyan yankuna tsakanin kwari da tsaunukan tsaunuka suna yanke hanyarsu a cikin duwatsun farar ƙasa, shales da sandstones na Cretaceous, wanda ke kan zurfin zurfin zurfin Jurassic.
Da zarar ta tattara ruwan Lacantún, sai Usumacinta ta shiga yankin Mexico, inda aka bayyana ta ta zurfin da sauri; jim kaɗan bayan haka, ya yi iyaka da garin Maax na Yaxchilán mai arziki, sannan ruwanta ya zama ba za a iya fahimta ba, bankuna sun sami tsayi kuma ɓarnar farko sun bayyana a cikin kogin da aka tsare, na Anaité, wanda El Cayo, Piedras Negras da ƙarshe San José, a daga inda yake faduwa tsakanin kwazazzabai da aka bude da karfi na millennia ta hanyar zaizayar kogi.
BAYAN HALITTAR GIRMA TA KIM 200
Aƙarshe, tsarkakakken kogin birai ya sami nasarar shiga cikin babban kwazazzabin Boca del Cerro, aiki mai banƙyama na ɗabi'a wanda gefen dutsen mai girman 200 m, wanda ya bambanta da launin ruwan lemo mai haske na gadar ƙarfe wacce ta ratsa ta. Gefen arewa. Saboda kyan gani da yanayin halittu, wannan bakin kogin yana daya daga cikin sanannun abubuwan jan hankali na karamar hukumar Tenosique, a Tabasco, inda akayisu da labaru suna magana akan manyan kogunan da suka isa kangon Palenque da ramuka da aka haƙa a tarihi.
Don bayyana wadannan sirrin, kamar koyaushe ina tare da Pedro García Conde, Amaury Soler, Ricardo Araiza, Paco Hernández da Ramiro Porter; kasada ta fara ne daga San Carlos pier, daga inda muke tashi da safe.
TA TAFIYA
Tare da matsakaita nisa na 150 m da launuka masu kyau na Emerald, kwararar Usumacinta ana iya wucewa na kilomita da yawa, wanda zai ba ka damar jin daɗin jin daɗin manyan ganuwar da ke tashi daga gefe zuwa gefen gaci da kuma abubuwan dajin daji sun rufe har ma da manyan kololuwarsu. Mun roki jirgin ruwanmu, Apolinar López Martínez, da ya kai mu ga masu fashin jirgin San José, daga nan don fara binciken a ƙasan.
A yayin kewayawa ba mu rasa dalla-dalla na kyawawan ciyawar wurare masu zafi da ke rufe dutsen da bankunan. Sarkin waɗannan wurare a dā shine mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), wanda ya tashi zuwa 50 ko 60 m yana shelar girmar shukanta a cikin dajin Mayan. A yau akwai wasu samfura a wurare masu nisa na Lacandonia, amma wasu ƙananan jinsuna kamar El Ramón, Canshán, Pukté, Mocayo da Bellota gris sun mamaye wuraren su. Birai masu duwawu, jaguars, ocelots, tapirs, barewa masu farin wutsiya, jemagu, da kuma adadi mai yawa na tsuntsaye da masu jan ciki.
Lokacin da muka kusa kusa da gabar teku, karar injin din tana fadakar da wasu gungun birai mara dadi (Allouatta palliata) suna hutawa a kan bishiya; Cikin fusata, Saraguatos ta keɓe mana kide kide da wake-wake marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ake ji a ko'ina cikin kwarin. Babu wani gidan zoo a cikin duniya, komai zamani da aiki, da zai iya ba da wannan zane mai ban sha'awa da muke jin daɗi sosai. Bugu da ari, a kan bango mai tsayi kuma ciyayi suka mamaye mu, munga wata barewa mai farin wutsiya.
FASSARAR HANKALI
Tsakanin saurin San José da San Joseíto mun binciki kogo, ba zurfin ba, amma yanayin da ke kewaye da shi abin birgewa ne, wanda ya kunshi manyan ginshiƙai na dutsin dutse inda mafaka masu duwatsu suke da yawa, arches na bango da raƙuman da suka dace don hawa.
Koma kan kogin mun tashi zuwa wurin da ramuka suke; Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko ya san wani abu game da su, Don Apolinar ya amsa cewa su 12 ne kuma Hukumar Lantarki ta Tarayya ce ta tono su tsakanin 1966 da 1972 don nazarin ilimin geology na yankin. Tashar Usumacinta a nan tana da faɗi daga 150 zuwa 250 m, kuma duk da cewa a saman yana da nutsuwa da nutsuwa, a ƙasa da shi yana motsawa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da sauri, yana iya jan ƙwararren mai iyo zuwa ƙasan. Wataƙila saboda wannan dalili kwale-kwalen da suke ƙetare ruwansa sun fi kunkuntar, don cimma wata damar da sauri da sauri.
A cikin minutesan mintoci kaɗan muna gaban rami buɗe a bangon yamma na canyon, a tsayin m takwas a saman matakin kogin; ramin yana da murabba'i mai faɗi, tare da ɗakin tsayi mai tsayin mita 60 da kuma gajerun hanyoyi biyu. Rami na biyu yana kan bangon kishiyar. Kusan kusan kwatankwacin wanda muka bincika ne, amma ya fi girma da fadi, tare da dogon zango mai tsawon 73.75 da hanyar gefen gefen hagu mai auna mitoci 36.
Lizards, jemage, gizo-gizo, da kwari masu rarrafe sune masu hayar waɗannan ramuka na wucin gadi ba tare da al'ajabi ba, waɗanda cikin ƙasusuwan dabbobi suke, kashin daji, kebul na abubuwan fashewa –permacord – kuma hakika lalataccen kayyadaddun kayan kwalliyar kwalliya na ruwa cike da iskar carbon dioxide.
ABUBUWAN DA PAKAL
Kusa da nan akwai kogwanni guda biyu, na farko a bakin kogin. Kodayake almara na da cewa ta isa mamayar Sarki Pakal da kansa, tsawonta kawai 106 ne; na biyu kuma ya albarkaci kokarinmu; Kogon burbushin halittu ne, tare da ɗakunai da ɗakuna masu faɗi akan matakai biyu, wanda kyawawan saloli na stalactites suka kawata ɗakunan ajiyar at 20 m high. Kodayake Don Apolinar ya bayyana cewa masu hawa tsaunuka ne suka gano kogon a shekarun da suka gabata, yumbu a bakin ƙofar yana nuna yadda ake amfani da shi a lokacin zamanin Hispaniya.
Wadannan kayan aikin suna tunatar da mu cewa baya ga mahimmancin halitta, Usumacinta yana da mahimmancin tarihi sosai, tunda a zamanin da shine tushen hulɗar wayewar Mayan na zamani, da kuma raƙuman ruwa. An kiyasta cewa a zamanin mafi girman martabar al'adun Mayan, zuwa shekara ta 700 na zamaninmu, sama da mutane miliyan biyar ne ke zaune a yankin. Garuruwan Yaxchilán, Palenque, Bonampak da Pomoná sun bayyana mahimmancin kayan tarihi na Usumacinta, da kuma dubunnan wasu ƙananan wuraren.
La'akari da abin da ke sama kuma a kokarin kiyaye shi ga al'ummomi masu zuwa, gwamnatin jihar Tabasco tana kan hadewar wannan kyakkyawan wuri a cikin Tsarin Kariyar Yankuna, wanda za ta samar da shi da yanki dubu 25 na ha sunan Kogin Usumacinta Canyon State Park.
