Ofarfin ƙasa, wuta, da ruwa suna bayyana duwatsu, da filaye, da danshi, amma basu faɗa mana da yawa game da yashin kansa ba. Ta yaya yashi mai yawa ya isa Samalayuca?
Ofarfin ƙasa, wuta, da ruwa suna bayyana duwatsu, da filaye, da danshi, amma basu faɗa mana da yawa game da yashin kansa ba. Ta yaya yashi mai yawa ya isa Samalayuca?
Kusan kilomita hamsin kudu da Ciudad Juárez wuri ne mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Aya ya tunkareshi a kan Babbar Hanya ta Amurka ta hanyar filin Chihuahuan mara misaltuwa. Ko matafiyin ya fara tafiya daga arewa ko daga kudu, filin da aka rufe da shuke-shuken daji ko wuraren kiwo mai yalwa da dabbobin sha mai "fari-fuskoki" a hankali a hankali ya rikide zuwa yankuna masu kama da launin fata mai kama da juna. Lines na kwance na shimfidar layin suna ba da sassauci masu lanƙwasa, yayin da ciyayi marasa ƙarewa sun ƙare. Alamun da aka saba gani na arewacin arewacin Mexico, talakawa ne amma suna raye, sun narke a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki wanda ya zama kamar Martian ne. Sannan wani hoto mai kyau na hamada ya bayyana, babban kallo da kyan gani kamar teku ta rame a raƙuman yashi: dunes na Samalayuca.
Kamar dunes na bakin rairayin bakin teku, waɗannan dunes tsaunuka ne na yashi masu girman gaske, waɗanda aka tattara ta hanyoyin yashewa na da. Kuma kodayake yawancin yankuna na Meziko hamada ne, a wurare kalilan akwai yanayin busassun da zasu iya bada damar wanzuwar tsaunukan yashi mai kyau irin wadancan. Wataƙila kawai hamada bagade, a cikin Sonora, da hamada Vizcaíno, a Baja California Sur, ko yankin Viesca, a Coahuila, za a iya kamantawa da wannan wurin.
Tare da rashin wadatar su, duniyoyin Samalayuca ba bakon abu bane ga matafiyi akan hanyar da ta haɗu da Ciudad Juárez da babban birnin jihar, tunda Babbar Hanyar Amurka ta Amurka da Babban titin jirgin ƙasa sun ƙetare yankin ta mafi kankantar sashinsa. Koyaya, kamar yadda yake tare da sauran abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta, mutum ba ya yawan ɗaukar damar don dakatarwa da bincika su, ta hanyar da zasu ɓoye sirrinsu ga kansu.
Na kuduri aniyar barin wannan yanayin na masu sa ido ne kawai, sai muka hadu da manyan batutuwan yanayi.
WUTA
Dunes sun yi mana maraba da numfashin haske da dumi. Barin akwatin da tsakar rana, ba wai kawai mun rasa kwanciyar hankali ba ne, amma mun shiga cikin yanayi mai haske mai makanta. Tafiya a tsakanin raƙuman yashi mai haske ya tilasta mana mu ɗora idanunmu zuwa sama, saboda babu wata hanyar da za mu kwantar da ita a kan wannan ƙasa mai haske. A wannan lokacin mun gano fasalin farko na wannan masarautar: mulkin kama karya na hasken rana.
Wannan kaɗaicin abin ban mamaki hakika ya raba tsananin yanayin hamadar Chihuahuan, amma kuma ya ninka su. Rashin danshi da kuma wani muhimmin layin ciyayi, zafinsu ya dogara ne kacokam ga Rana.Kodayake litattafan kasa suna nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara shekara kusan 15 ° C, mai yiwuwa babu wani yanki na ƙasar da canjin yanayin zafin yau da kullun yake. kuma kowace shekara - suna da matsananci.
KASA
Bayan wannan ra'ayi na farko, ya zama dole a fuskanci yanayin yanayin mutum na hamada: ɓacewa a cikin labyrinth ba tare da bango ba. Dunes na Samalayuca sun kasance, kamar dukkanin arewacin Chihuahua da Sonora, zuwa wani yanki wanda ya shafi yankuna da dama na yammacin Amurka (galibi Nevada, Utah, Arizona da New Mexico) da aka fi sani da “Cuenca da Sierra” ko, a cikin Ingilishi, tafkin-da-zangon ruwa, wanda aka samar da gadajen da yawa waɗanda suka rabu da juna ta ƙananan jeri na tsaunuka, waɗanda gabaɗaya ke bin hanyar kudu-arewa. Irin wannan dalla-dalla ya zama abin ta'aziya ga masu tafiya cikin yashi: komai yawan nitsar da mutum zuwa cikin rami, a kowane lokaci mutum na iya fiskantar da kansa ta waɗannan gajerun tsaunukan tsaunukan, amma rabin kilomita sama da matakin filin. Daga arewa akwai tsaunin tsaunin Samalayuca, wanda a bayansa akwai birni mai banƙyama. A arewa maso gabas shine Sierra El Presidio; kuma zuwa kudu, tsaunukan La Candelaria da La Ranchería. Don haka, koyaushe muna samun taimakon waɗancan manyan tsaunuka waɗanda suka yi mana jagora kamar hasken rana zuwa jiragen ruwa.
RUWA
Idan tsaunuka suna miliyoyin shekaru, filayen suna, a gefe guda, sun fi kwanan nan. Abin da yake ba daidai ba shi ne cewa an samar da su ne ta wannan ruwan da ba mu ga ko'ina ba. Dubun dubunnan shekarun da suka gabata, a lokacin da ake kankarar da Pleistocene, tabkunan sun samar da wani babban bangare na yankin "kwari da tsaunin tsauni" ta hanyar ajiye daskararru a cikin sararin da ke tsakanin jerin tsaunukan. Lokacin da dusar kankara ta gama koma baya shekaru dubu goma sha biyu da suka wuce (a ƙarshen Pleistocene) kuma yanayin ya zama busasshe, mafi yawan waɗannan tafkunan sun ɓace, kodayake sun bar mawuyacin hali na ɗari ko wuraren da aka rufe inda ƙaramin ruwa. wanda ke gudu ba ya malalawa cikin teku. A Samalayuca an rasa raƙuman ruwa a cikin hamada maimakon zubewa zuwa Rio Grande, kilomita 40 kawai daga gabas. Hakanan yana faruwa tare da kogunan Casas Grandes da Carmen wadanda basu da nisa sosai, wanda ya ƙare tafiyarsu a cikin tafkunan Guzmán da Patos, bi da bi, kuma a Chihuahua. Wasu burbushin halittun ruwa da aka samo a ƙarƙashin yashi sun nuna cewa babban ruwa da ya taɓa hutawa a kan dunes.
Wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a cikin karamin jirgin Cessna na kyaftin Matilde Duarte ya nuna mana abin al'ajabin El Barreal, wani tafki mai yuwuwa kamar Cuitzeo, a Michoacán, kodayake kawai ya bayyana launin ruwan kasa ne, mai faɗi da kuma bushe ... Tabbas, yana da ruwa ne kawai bayan na ruwan sama.
Kuna iya tunanin cewa ɗan ƙaramin ruwan sama wanda ya faɗi kan dunes ya kamata ya gudu zuwa El Barreal; duk da haka, wannan ba haka bane. Taswirar ba sa yiwa wata alama alama da za ta kai ta wannan hanyar, duk da cewa gefen "kama-da-wane" shine mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin kwandon; babu alamun wani kogi a cikin rairayin Samalayuca. Tare da ruwan sama, yashi dole ne ya sha ruwan da sauri, kodayake ba tare da ɗaukar shi da zurfi ba. Wani abu mai ban mamaki shine kallon bazara kusan a mahadar tsaunin tsaunin Samalayuca tare da titin, 'yan mitoci daga ɗayan mafi yawan wuraren da ke hamada a Arewacin Amurka ...
ISKA
Ofarfin ƙasa, wuta, da ruwa suna bayyana duwatsu, da filaye, da danshi, amma basu gaya mana yawa game da yashi kansa ba. Ta yaya irin wannan yashi ya kai Samalayuca?
Gaskiyar cewa dunes suna nan kuma babu wani wuri a cikin tsaunukan arewa masu mahimmanci, idan ban mamaki bane. Siffofin da muka zo daga jirgin suna da hankali, amma ba na yau da kullun bane. A yamma da layin raba hanya da aka zana ta manyan tsaunuka biyu ko uku masu yashi. A gefe guda, kusan a gefen gabashin yankin, an tsayar da dogon jerin dunes masu tsayi (wanda ake iya gani daga hanya) kamar waɗanda masanan ƙasa ke kira "sarkar barjánica". Ya kasance wani yanki ne na tsaunuka da yawa fiye da sauran. Nawa? Kyaftin Duarte, mai wayo aviatex-mex, ya ba da amsar a cikin tsarin Ingilishi: wataƙila har zuwa ƙafa 50 (a cikin Kirista, mita 15). Kodayake ya zama kamar ƙididdigar ra'ayin mazan jiya ne, amma yana iya zama isharar: wannan ya yi daidai da gini mai hawa shida. Yanayin ƙasa na iya nuna nisan da yafi waɗannan girma; Abu mai ban mamaki shine cewa ya sanya shi da abu mai rauni kamar ɗumbin yashi ƙasa da milimita a diamita: irin wannan aikin iska ne, wanda ya tara wannan yashi a arewacin Chihuahua. Amma daga ina ya samo shi?
Mista Gerardo Gómez, wanda ya taɓa yin horo don yawo a cikin dunes - ƙoƙari mai wuyar tunani - ya gaya mana game da iskar gas ɗin Fabrairu. Iskar ta zama hadari sosai don haka ya zama tilas a rage saurin abin hawa da kuma ba da hankali sosai don kada a rasa hanyar kwalta ta Babban-hanyar Amurka.
Da alama dungu sun yi yawa a gabas yayin balaguronmu, amma wannan shine tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma a cikin bazara manyan raƙuman ruwa suna zuwa daga yamma da kudu maso yamma. Zai yiwu kuma irin wannan iskar ta "saukar" da yashin yashi ta wannan hanyar ta musamman. Zai yuwu ya kasance an ajiye yashin can shekaru miliyoyi ta hanyar “arewa” masu haɗari waɗanda ke tattara hatsi a cikin inda take yanzu Amurka. Waɗannan "arewa" ne dole ne su haifar da guguwar da Mista Gómez ya ambata. Koyaya, zato ne kawai: babu takamaiman nazarin yanayin yanayin yankin wanda ke amsa tambaya game da asalin wannan yashi.
Wani abu tabbatacce, kuma har yanzu ya bayyana, shine dunes suna ƙaura kuma suna yin hakan da sauri. Central Railroad, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1882, na iya bada shaidar yadda yake motsi. Don hana yashi daga “haɗiye” hanyoyin, ya zama dole a ƙusa layuka masu kariya guda biyu na katako masu kauri don kiyaye shi. Wannan ya haifar mana da tunani na ƙarshe yayin da muke hawa kan tsaunin tsaunin Samalayuca don samun hangen nesa daga sama: shin yankin dunes yana girma?
Yankin yashi mai tsabta ya kamata ya sami aƙalla kilomita 40 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kuma 25 latitude a cikin sassansa mafi faɗi, don jimlar yanki kusan kilomita murabba'i dubu (kadada dubu ɗari). Dictionary na Tarihin Chihuahuan, Geography da Biography Koyaya, yana bada adadi ninki biyu. Ya kamata a bayyana cewa yashi ba ya ƙarewa da dunes: iyakar waɗannan akwai inda ciyayi ke farawa, wanda ke gyara da kuma shimfida ƙasa, ban da mafaka da yawa hares, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kwari. Amma yankin yashi ya faɗi yamma, arewa maso yamma, da arewa zuwa El Barreal da iyakar New Mexico. Dangane da ƙamus ɗin da aka ambata a sama, dukkanin kwandon da ke shimfida dunes ya rufe yankin ƙauyuka uku (Juárez, Ascención da Ahumada) kuma ya wuce kilomita murabba'i dubu 30, wani abu kamar 1.5% na ƙasar da kuma na shida na na jihar.
Daga nan kuma mun gano abin da ya zama kamar petroglyphs a kan ɗayan duwatsu a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗabi'a: ɗigo-ɗigo, layuka, zane-zanen siffofin mutum da aka aske a kan bango mai tsayin mita biyu, kwatankwacin sauran kayan fasahar dutsen a Chihuahua da New Mexico. Shin dunes ɗin suna da girma ga marubutan waɗancan petroglyphs?
Tabbas manyan baƙi na Amurka, a cikin ƙaurarsu zuwa kudu, basu san su ba. Har yanzu akwai manyan tabkuna kusa da lokacin da maharba masu farauta suka iso. Yanayin ya fi damuna yawa kuma matsalolin muhalli da muke fama da su a yau ba su wanzu.
Wataƙila dunes na Samalayuca sun yi girma tsawon shekaru dubu goma, wanda ke nuna cewa al'ummomin da suka gabata sun ji daɗin yanki mai ladabi da karimci. Koyaya, wannan ma yana nufin cewa basu more faɗuwar rana ba kamar wanda muka fuskanta a wannan lokacin: Rana ta zinare a bayan shimfidar dunes, rawanin rairayin hamada mai raɗaɗi ta hannun iska.
IDAN KA JE WAJEN LIKITAN SAMALYUCA
Yankin yana da nisan kilomita 35 kudu da Ciudad Juárez akan Hanyar Tarayya ta 45 (Panamericana). Ana zuwa daga kudu, kilomita 70 ne daga Villa Ahumada kuma kilomita 310 daga Chihuahua. A kan babbar hanya zaka iya ganin dunes na kusan kilomita 8 a bangarorin biyu.
Daga gefen hanya zaku iya isa wasu ƙasan yashi mai tsabta tare da stepsan matakai kaɗan. Koyaya, idan kuna neman mafi girman dunes hoya don yin wasu wurare. Yawancin gibi daga babbar hanya na iya kawo ku kusa. Idan kana tuƙa mota, ka mai da hankali koyaushe ka duba ƙarfin hanyar kuma kada ka kusanto saboda yana da sauƙi makalewa a cikin yashi.
Akwai gibi guda biyu da ake bada shawara. Na farko shi ne arewacin karkatarwa da ke haifar da garin Samalayuca. Ya nufi gabas kuma yayi siket ɗin tsaunin El Presidio har sai ya isa kusurwar arewa maso gabas na yankin mai yashi, daga inda zaku iya shiga ciki. Na biyu an haife shi ne a gefen kudu maso gabas na Sierra Samalayuca, daidai a wurin da yawancin wuraren binciken 'yan sanda ke zama. “Wannan tazara ta nufi yamma kuma tana kaiwa ga wasu wuraren kiwo wanda zaka ci gaba da kafa (zuwa kudu). Don hangen nesa, hau daga shingen binciken zuwa Sierra Samalayuca har sama yadda kuke so; hanyoyin da ke wurin ba su da tsayi sosai.
Idan kuna neman sabis na yawon buɗe ido (masauki, gidajen abinci, bayanai, da sauransu), mafi kusa sune cikin Ciudad Juárez. Garin Samalayuca da kyar yana da wasu shagunan kayan abinci inda zaku sayi sodas mai sanyi da kayan ciye-ciye.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 254 / Afrilu 1998
Dan Jarida kuma masanin tarihi. Shi farfesa ne a fannin ilimin kasa da tarihi da aikin jarida na Tarihi a Kwalejin Falsafa da Haruffa na Jami’ar Kasa Mai Zaman Kanta ta Meziko, inda yake kokarin yada hayyacinsa ta hanyar bangarorin da suka kunshi kasar nan.
