México Desconocido ya gabatar muku da wannan labarin game da bikin canzawa na Preciado Regalo, wani ɗan Olmec da ke fuskar La Venta, a cikin shekarun 750 kafin zamaninmu ...
Matsayin taurari a dutsen dare da kuma girman inuwar rana a tafiyarta na rana ya nuna cewa duniya tana da ciki da sabuwar rayuwa; yanayi ya sake bunkasa a cikin sabonta na har abada.
A cikin La Venta, sanannen Babban birnin Olmec yankin Tekun Gulf, gabas taron daukaka na shekara ta 750 kafin zamaninmu, na takwas na Masarautar Jaguar Claw, ya kamata a yi bikin tare da kyawawan shagulgulan jama'a na manyan shagulgula da girma. Sun yi tsammanin, ba shakka, da ziyarar dukkan shugabanni da yawa daga cikin mazaunan babban yankin da ke kewaye, wanda La Venta ita ce babbar cibiyar bikin.
Fiye da shekaru ɗari uku da suka wuce, lokacin da San Lorenzo shine babban birni na yankin OlmecLa Venta ba komai bane face cibiyar sakandare wacce ke tsibiri wanda, a lokacin damina, ruwa ya kewaye shi kwata-kwata. Amma a lokacin rani da kewayen fadama zuwa kudu da gabas, da koguna guda biyu masu tafiya zuwa arewa maso yamma da yamma. Duk abin da aka kawo cibiyar, gami da manya-manyan katakai da manyan duwatsu masu nauyi da aka yi amfani da su a wuraren tarihinta, duwatsun tsakuwa da miliyoyin kwandunan ƙasa don gina dandamali da tuddai da yawa da kuma babban dala wanda ya mamaye yankin bakin teku. An kawo su cibiyar ta hanyar kogin yamma, wanda shine mafi zurfin.
Duk gina La Venta, gami da wurin da za a tuna abubuwan tarihi da wurin binnewa da bautar ƙasa, ya bi a fuskantarwa dangane da kirkirar layin tsakiya, dangane da yanayin ilimin taurari wanda yayi daidai da 8 ° yamma na arewa magnetic arewa. Baƙi zuwa cibiyar koyaushe suna burge da miliyoyin tan na ƙasa da duwatsu masu tuta, da kuma aikin da ake buƙata don gina waɗannan gine-ginen. Amma Abin da ya fi ba su mamaki shi ne girma da kyan ginin, don haka an sassaka shi sosai, musamman ma gigantic shugabannin olmec Nau'in hoto, wanda yake da alama yanayin kanta ne ya sassaka su. Sai kawai daga baya suka fahimci hakan dutsen bai wanzu a cikin La Venta ko kewaye ba, kuma lallai ne su kawo shi daga can nesa, ta amfani da adadi mai yawa na mutane, suna ratsa daji, koguna da fadama ... Abin birgewa ne da gaske!
SHIRI DON HALITTA
Da shirye-shirye don babban biki yanzu sun dauki makonni. A musayar kwandunan masara, matasa da yawa sun yi alkawarin tsabtace murabba'ai da titunan; An dauki ma'aikata don gyara, filastar, da fenti tudun jan-ocher da dandamali. A cikin rukunin gidajen masu martaba, kudu maso gabas na babban dala, an riga an adana yawancin naman gishiri na farauta, kunkuru, kurege, kada, kifi da kare, duk an kawo su cikin gari a cikin kwale-kwalen da ke ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan naman za a ba su hatsi, musamman masara, tubers, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace masu daɗi. Sun riga sun shaya yawancin abin sha da aka yi da masara, wanda suka sa a cikin manyan tukwanen yumɓu, aka ajiye su cikin yashi don yanayin zafin ya huce kuma ya ci gaba. Jaguar Kambori hukunta cewa ibadar addini Babban zai gudana akan bagaden a gabashin gabas na babban dandamalin arewa da kudu, kusa da rukunin gidajen mashahurai. Ya sa aka sassaka shi don bikin nasa shekarar farko a matsayin babban firist-mai mulki. Amma karya tare da al'ada, maimakon a nuna shi a cikin alamomin alama wanda ke ɗauke da mutum-mutumin ɗan ɗabi'ar anthropomorphic, shi kansa an nuna shi riƙe igiya a ɗaure ga wanda aka kama don ya jaddada ikonsa a matsayin shugaban addini da na addini, aikin da mutane suka yi tsokaci da yawa kuma suka soki. mai addini. Abokai da magoya bayansa, gami da ƙwararren mai sassaka La Venta, sun kalle shi a matsayin ɗan bidi'a.
Amma mafi mahimmancin kasancewar La Venta Ba Jaguar Claw ba ne, babban firist-gwamnanta, amma saurayi "fuskar saurayi", wanda ya rigaya ya ga canje-canje goma sha tara kuma ya rayu a keɓaɓɓen yanki na rukunin gidajen da Jaguar's Claw ke zaune kansa. Nasarar bukukuwan ya ta'allaka ne da yadda wannan ƙungiyar da ake girmamawa ke jimre wa bukukuwan addini, tun da yawancinsu sun mutu cikin ƙuruciya. Wadanda suka sami nasarar nasarar girma sun sami girmamawa ta hanyar hoton babban dutse (babban shugaban Olmec).
LABARI NA KYAUTA
Mutane "fuskar yaro", ko fuskar jariri, sune abin da a yau muke kira yara masu cutar Down Syndrome da sauransu masu alaqa mongolism. Ya kasance mai tsarki a tsakanin Olmecs saboda yanayi da kanta ya zaɓe su kuma ya sanya su na musamman a tsakanin sauran mutane. Kyauta mai daraja, wacce ta kasance ta fuskar haihuwa ta La Venta, wata tsohuwa ce ta ba da ita a cikin wata makarantar sakandare, wacce ke da awowi goma sha biyu daga La Venta. Mahaifiyarsa ta raɗa masa suna Kyauta mai daraja saboda ya karɓe shi daga ɗabi'a a ƙarshen rayuwarsa.
Kasancewa yaro daga cikin talakawa, yana da shekaru biyu ya riga ya bayyana halaye na fuskar jariri. Bai yi magana ko tafiya ba, kuma tsohuwar mahaifiyarsa ce kawai ke fahimtar abubuwan da ya yi. Lokacin da ya zama sananne cewa lallai fuskarsa jariri ce, firist da mataimaki sun ɗauke shi zuwa kogon dutse a cikin duwatsu masu nisa na yamma, inda suka hutar da shi da ayyukan tsarkakewa, suka huda ƙashin ƙugu ko guntun hanci da ƙasan kunnuwa. kuma sun kewaye kansa da katako na katako don ba shi fasali na musamman na fuskar jariri. Don ƙarfafa wannan bambanci, aske kawunansu kuma a wasu lokuta sanya hular kwano.
Kyauta mai daraja ta yi kyau. Firist ɗin da ya zauna tare da shi cikin haƙuri ya horar da shi, yana koya masa ya zauna shiru na dogon lokaci, zama a yayin da yake sanye da bakin fuska da manyan tufafi, kuma ya jimre da zub da jini. Abu mafi zafi da wahala a koya masa shi ne tsawaita amfani da abin rufe bakin don shirye-shiryen bukukuwan al'ada. Wadannan masks sun haifar masa da ciwo mai yawa wanda suka bashi ruwan sha na kayan maye don sauƙaƙe shi. Wata rana, tuni yana cikin shekara ta goma ta rayuwa, firist ɗin-mai mulkin La Venta ya zo ya gan shi, don girmama jaririn-babban birnin ya mutu sakamakon rauni da aka samu ta hadayar jini wanda ba ya warkewa. Bayan makonni biyu na lura sai suka dauke shi zuwa La Venta inda suka mai da shi babba-fuska, kuma sun fara sassaka hotonsa don rakiyar shuwagabannin da suka mutu a kan tafiye-tafiyensu na komawa Zuciyar Dutse.
RANAR BIKIN MAI GIRMA
Lokacin da ya zo ƙarshe babbar ranar sabuntawa da bukukuwan haihuwa, mutane da yawa sun yi aikin hajji don yin sadaukarwarsu a saman duwatsu, kogwanni da wuraren bautar ruwa inda ruwa ke bulbulowa daga tsaunukan da babu surutu.
A La Venta, kafin rana ta fito, mashahuran karsheBayan tsawan tsafta na tsarkakewa, sun gama ayyukan jininsu bayan kwanaki da yawa na jima'i da kamewa na abinci. Kusan kowane sun sanya manyan tufafinsu, Manyan mata masu ban mamaki, wasu a sifofin dabbobi, an saka su da duwatsu masu walƙiya da fuka-fukai masu launi; Jade, maciji da na wuyan kunne da abin wuya, da yawa a cikin siffar fure ko rami tare da jigogin addini, wasu a yumbu ko itace, aka zana. Mutanen sun yi gajeren siket, gajeren wando, da abin ɗamara tare da bel da buckles a cikin nau'ikan salo iri-iri; baƙin da suka zo daga kudu sun sanya gajerun siket da aka zana zuwa kwatangwalo kuma suka taru a ƙulle-ƙulle, suna bayyana wani ɓangare na abin da ya fi dacewa. Attajirai da masu iko sun sanya abin wuya na juwa na jujjuyawa da yawa, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ko madauwari pectorals tare da hotunan hadadden anthropomorphic. Wasu fadawa sun sanya doguwar riga, wasu gashin tsuntsu, amma auduga mai launuka da yawa tare da sanduna launuka daban-daban a gefen. Manyan La Venta koyaushe suna zuwa ba takalmi, amma da yawa daga baƙotansu, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga kudu, suna sanye da takalmi masu tsini. Matan suna sanye da doguwar riga, yawancinsu auduga mai sauƙi, da furanni a gashinsu. Jaguar farata, babban firist kuma mai biki, ya sanya kwalliyar amintacciyar takarda wacce ke tsaye a kan band da alama ɗauke da fuskar anthropomorph tare da murabba'i mai ma'ana biyu tare da tsattsauran siffar "V" a kowane gefen alamar. Ya sanya ƙyallen kunnen jaka da babban ƙirji na kusurwa huɗu tare da tsattsauran "V" wanda ke nuna duka siffa ta mahaɗan anthropomorph. Ya sanya ƙyallen ɗamara tare da ɗamara mai yalwa da daurewa tare da alamar sandunan da aka ƙetare, ko gicciyen St. Andrew. An kammala kayan sa tare da farin kape wanda ya gangara zuwa idon sawun, inda akwai bandin shuɗi. A hanyar Olmec, yana ƙafafu.
Fita a tsakiya mutane sun yi cincirindo a duk wuraren kuma tsammani ya karu.
Washe gari lokacin busa ƙaho ya sanar da fara bikin. A sannu-sannu da hayaniyar babban dunduwar fata, jerin gwanon ya fara bayyana. Da gaskiya, tare da matakan a hankali da aunawa, ya bayyana Jaguar Kambori, a matsayinsa na firist na farko. Bayan haka, ga mamakin kowa, wani kango mai rufi ya fito, ya buɗe, dauke da Kyauta Mai Daraja, sanye da tsumma kawai kuma yana zaune a ƙafa kan gado kan furanni da bawo. Bayan bayan dattin sai firistoci da mataimakansa suka zo, fitattun La Venta da baƙonsu, kuma a ƙarshe shugabannin yankin bisa ga mahimmancinsu.
Bayan jerin gwanon ya isa gefen kudu na dandamali wanda ya kasance tushe na dala, an ɗora zuriyar akan sa an sanya shi ta yadda kowa zai iya ganin fuskar jariri kafin "canji". Bayan haka, babban firist yana biye da shi, an ɗauki fuskar jaririn zuwa wata bukka mai tafin rufin dabino, wanda aka gina a ƙasan dala don wannan bikin na musamman. Tana nuna alamar ƙofar dutsen mai tsarki, inda fuskar jariri ta kasance cikin al'ada ta tsohuwar tufafi na zoomorphic, kuma inda kowane motsi yake da ikon tsafin sihiri.
Tare da taimakon bayinsa, babban firist farawa ne ta hanyar saka ɓangaren kashin a cikin septum na hanci-fuska don kiyaye leben sama. Sannan ya sanya bakin ciki mai rarrafe hakan ya nuna manyan hakora tsakanin ƙananan don ya banbanta su da na wani. Sannan ya sanya giciye mashaya da kuma fadi mai fadi a kugu tare da zare wanda kuma ke dauke da alamar sandunan da aka keta. Nan da nan ya zo da babbar gashin tsuntsu Ya gangaro zuwa kugu ne yadda da kyar yake taba kasa idan ya zauna. A karshen ya sanya mayafin, babban alama ce ta zoomorphic reptilian. Tushen wannan mayafin ya kunshi band din fata tare da "madubi" hematite a tsakiya da girare na gwal guda biyu masu hade a gefuna. Daga band din, kuma ya juya baya, kambin mayafin ya ƙare a cikin murabba'i mai ma'ana na huɗu wanda aka kafa shi ta hanyar rami biyu da aka tsara a siffar gicciye. A baya, kuma yana fitowa daga ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar fata, wata zane mai tsayi ba tsayi, tare da ƙyallen gefen da ke ƙare da tsaga, ya rufe kafadu. A kowane gefen mayafan, yana farawa sama da bandin fata kuma ya kusan zuwa kafadu, wani tsiri na amintaccen takarda ya rufe kunnuwansa. Wannan "canjin" shine alamar tafiyar fuskar-jariri zuwa tsakiyar babban dutsen halitta., wanda aka wakilta ta zoomorph, inda ya zama ko "sāke" a cikin wani anthropomorph mai kama da juna, wanda ke nuna haɗin kai tsakanin yanayi da ɗan adam.
Sautin sarewa, kararrawar baƙi da amo mai daɗi na ganguna da aka sanar wa waɗanda suka halarci taron cewa an ci gaba da jerin gwanon zuwa “bagaden” na Jaguar's Claw, a wannan lokacin tare da datti da aka rufe a gaba kuma Babban Firist yana binsa da ƙafa. Katsewar kiɗan alama ce ta cewa sun isa "bagaden." Sannu a hankali sun ɗora shara a kan "bagaden", an cire labulen kuma anthropomorph ya bayyana a gaban mutane. Yayin da kukan mutane ya mutu, bayin suka fara ƙona turare da Jaguar kambin yanka ɗan yaro, sanya kansa da gabobinsa a gaban alkukin "bagaden", alamar mutuwar al'ada ta fuskar-jariri. Bayan wasu ayyukan tsarkakewa, sai ya zuba ruwa mai tsada a kasa a matsayin hadaya sannan ya sanya bawon a tsaye, mai kama da mitten a hannun dama na anthropomorph. Hakanan, an kammala al'adar wasan tare da tocilan alama a ɗayan hannun anthropomorph. Gabas al'adar haihuwa, wanda ya haɗa da ruwa da wuta, alama ce ta yanayi a cikin mafi girman bayanin rayuwa da mutuwa.
Yawancin abubuwan tunawa na La Venta suna tunawa da wannan lokacin na gagarumin bikin gyara.
Bayan waɗannan al'adun, masu martaba da baƙi sun dawo cikin rukunin gidajen don fara bikin, suna barin anthropomorph a "bagade" don a yaba. Yayin da mutane suka ci gaba da ganinta, an rarraba abinci da abubuwan sha. Lokacin da aka gama cin abincin, sai labulen akwatin ya zube ƙasa kuma an ɗauki anthropomorphist zuwa ɗakunansa a fadar sarki-firist. A waccan maraice, yayin babban abincin dare a farfajiyar gidan Jaguar's Claw, daya daga cikin bakin da suka zo daga kasashe masu nisa zuwa yamma, inda duwatsu ke shan hayaki, ya kamu da son daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Jaguar's Claw. Ya kasance dan ubangidan wata karamar cibiyar addini da ake kira Chalcatzingo.
