Tamaulipas yana ba da mamaki ga masoyan yawon shakatawa da ɗabi'a.
Kyawawan saitunan yanayi a cikin bushe ko gandun daji, yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko yanayi mai zafi; hanyoyi masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke haifar da kogunan ruwa, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu haske, ginshiƙan ban sha'awa, kogwanni da wuraren ban mamaki. Cenotes a cikin Tamaulipas? Kodayake wannan na iya ba yawancin masu karatu mamaki, waɗannan ba keɓaɓɓu ba ne ga yankin Yucatan; Haka nan mun same su a cikin wata ƙaramar ƙasa a Tamaulipas inda aka fi saninta da suna "wuraren waha".
Kalmar mayad'zonot (cenote), na nufin "rami a cikin ƙasa" kuma ta tsara rijiyar ɗabi'a daga ƙasa mai ɓarkewa musamman mai saukin kamuwa da leaching (tsari da ruwa ke bi don narkar da ma'adinai da duwatsu). A wannan yanayin, dutse ne na farar ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da samuwar manyan ramuka na ɓoye; A cikin takaddun bayanan, rufin waɗannan kogunan da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi rauni kuma ya faɗi, yana nuna madubin ruwa mai faɗi tsakanin bangon dutse.
Akwai yan tsirarun bayanai a cikin Tamaulipas, wadanda ke yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar, a cikin karamar hukumar Aldama, kimanin kilomita 12 yamma da kujerar birni; Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa, saboda girman su da zurfin su, sun fi Yucatecans nesa ba kusa ba.
WASU TAKAITACCEN TARIHI
A cikin Rahoton kan mulkin mallaka na Nuevo Santander da Nuevo Reino de León (1795), Félix María Calleja, sanannen haƙiƙin soja kuma mataimakin magajin New Spain a cikin shekarun tawayen, ya ce: “arewa maso yamma na Villa de las Presas del Rey ( yau Aldama) akwai babban kogo mai haske da hasken sama na halitta; da kuma varas 200 masu nisa daga wannan kogon, rami mai zurfi wanda a cikinsa akwai tabki wanda tsibirin ciyawa ke shawagi a kowane lokaci, wanda kuma ba za a iya fahimtar gindinsa daga sama ba ”.
A cikin 1873 injiniya Alejandro Prieto, masanin tarihi kuma gwamnan Tamaulipas, an sanya shi a cikin Tarihinsa, labarin kasa da ƙididdigar jihar Tamaulipas wata kasida da mahaifinsa, Ramón Prieto ya rubuta, mai taken "Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi na La Azufrosa", inda ya yi cikakken bayani tafkin Zacatón, da wasu mutane uku da aka sani a lokacin a matsayin Baños de los Baños, Murcielagos da Alameda koguna; ya sanya wasu zato game da samuwar waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan rami, da kuma tsokaci game da cikakkiyar halittar, kaddarorin warkarwa da sanadin durinta na maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi. Hakanan yana nufin wanzuwar tono ƙasa ko gidan tarihi, tafkin Los Cuarteles, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa sanannen kogo.
POZA DEL ZACATÓN
Cike da farin ciki tare da tunanin binciko wadannan kere-kere na al'ada, muka bar Ciudad Mante zuwa garin Aldama; Awanni biyu bayan haka muka isa yankin El Nacimiento ejidal, wurin da za'a fara yawon bude ido ta hanyar bayanan. Rafael Castillo González ya ba da kyauta ya bi mu a matsayin jagora. A wurin da aka sani da "haihuwar kogi", mun sami salama mai kyau da kyau, kewaye da itacen dabino, ya dace da ranar hutu; kogin Barberena (ko Blanco, kamar yadda mazauna wurin suka san shi), ana ganin an haife shi ne daga ciyayi mai kauri na manyan bishiyoyi kuma ba zai yuwu a gani da ido ido daidai wurin da bazara take ba.
Muna yawo a kan iyakar waya mai shinge kuma mun fara hawa wani ɗan gajeren gajere amma gajere har sai mun isa saman wani fili wanda yake kiyaye bishiyoyi, dazuzzuka, da kuma tsaunuka, iri-iri ne na ƙananan gandun daji masu ƙanƙan da tsaiko Muna bin jagoranmu na ɗan fiye da 100 m har ƙarshe, kuma kusan ba tare da sanin shi ba, mun isa gefen tafkin Zacatón mai ban sha'awa. Munyi mamakin ganin irin wannan abin mamakin, kuma kawai hayaniyar farinciki na garken quila - ƙananan parakeets na al'aurar Aratinga - sun shagaltar da kwanciyar hankali na wurin.
Kogin Zacatón yana da kyawawan dabi'un cenotes: wata babbar kofa mai buɗe 116 m a diamita, tare da bango a tsaye waɗanda ke taɓa saman ruwan kimanin 20 m ƙasa da matakin filin da ke kewaye; vault din da ya taba rufe shi gaba daya ya ruguje ya zama ya zama cikakken silinda na halitta. Ruwan sanyinta, mai launi mai duhu mai duhu sosai, suna ba da alamar tsayawa; Koyaya, 10 m a ƙasa akwai rami na ɗabi'a na tsawon mita 180 wanda ya haɗu da wurin wanka da tushen kogin, kuma ta inda raƙuman ruwan ke gudana. An kira shi ne saboda a saman ruwa akwai tsibirin ciyayi mai iyo wanda ke motsawa daga wannan gabar zuwa wancan, wataƙila saboda iska ko ƙarancin ruwa da ake gani.
A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1994, Sheck Exley, wanda ya fi kowa nutsuwa a duniya (ya sanya alamomi biyu masu zurfin gaske: 238 m a 1988 da 265 m a 1989) suka nitse cikin ruwan Zacatón, tare da abokin aikin sa Jim Bowden, don gwadawa keta alamar zurfin kafa 1000 (305 m) a karo na farko: sai dai kash wasu matsaloli sun faru kuma ya nitse a mita 276. Kogin Zacatón, mafi zurfin rafin da aka gano har zuwa yau, ya zama "rami mara ƙarancin ruwa" wanda duk masanan kogo ke ɗokin ganowa. Wannan shine abin da ya haifar da sha'awar Sheck Exley. Amma abin takaici, mafi kyawun maɓuɓɓugan kogo na duniya sun mutu a cikin rami mai zurfi a duniya.
BARKA DA KYAU
Mafi girman diamita fiye da na Zacatón, ba shi da kamannin kayan gargajiya na yau da kullun; katangar da ke kewaye da ita ba ta durkushewa kuma tsire-tsire masu ciyawa sun rufe ta inda kawai za mu iya rarrabe tafin dabin da ba za a iya kuskurewa ba na Sabal mexicana. Ya ba mu kwatankwacin gano wani tafki mai ban mamaki, wanda aka ɓace cikin ƙasan dazuzzuka mai danshi mai zafi da zafi. Mun sauko 'yan mitoci zuwa gangaren da ba shi da nisa sosai zuwa "rairayin bakin teku" kawai na dutsen dutsen maƙarar dutse wanda yake akwai a gefen wurin waha; ruwan yana da shuɗi-koren launi kuma ya fi na Zacatón haske sosai.
Stoparshenmu na gaba ya kasance a wani ƙaramin korama na halitta da aka sani da La Pilita, wanda ke cikin wani yanayi mai taushi a cikin yankin; diamita na wannan wurin waha kadan ne kuma ruwan ya kusan zama a kasa. Mun ci gaba zuwa La Azufrosa; Shine wuri daya tilo wanda asalin dattin ruwan yake bayyane: madarar ruwan turquoise mai shuɗi, mai zafi ga taɓawa da kuma yawan yin kumfa a saman. Mutane suna zuwa wurin don yin wanka don cin gajiyar abubuwan warkarwa na gidan wanka na musamman.
KOGON MUTANE
Kadan kafin mu kai ga wannan kogon mun lura da adadi mai yawa na "ramuka" ko kananan wuraren budewa a cikin kasa wadanda ke sadarwa tare da cikin; Bayan mun sake nazarin su, mun yaba cewa kaurin dutsen farar ƙasa ya kai kimanin mita ɗaya, saboda haka muna tafiya a zahiri "a cikin iska." Muna shiga cikin kogon ta daya daga kofofinsa kuma muna al'ajabin da wannan abin kallo na ban mamaki: wani katafaren dakin shakatawa na karkashin kasa wanda yake haskakawa ta hanyar hasken rana ta hanyarda yake da kututture masu karfi da kuma tushen higerones (Ficus sp.) . Mafi yawan wadannan hasken saman 'yan mitoci ne a tsakaita, amma kuma akwai masu yawa, saboda faduwar rufin, inda wani daji na musamman na duwatsu da bishiyoyi ya bunkasa; Yanayi ya haifar da kyawawan halaye masu ban sha'awa anan wanda ya cancanci a yaba.
MAGANGANUN GUNAS
Ana iya ɗauka cewa duk wuraren waha suna sadarwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa; Koyaya, sun banbanta cikin launi, bayyananniya da sinadarin sulphur na ruwan su, watakila saboda kasancewar wasu maɓuɓɓugan ruwa daban-daban, kowannensu da ƙimar ruwa daban, wanda daga baya ake haɗashi zuwa rafi guda daya wanda yake guduwa zuwa magudanar ruwan da suke samu. a asalin kogin. Abin da ba shi da sauƙi a bayyana shine zurfin zurfin, wanda aka kiyasta a ƙafa 1080 (330 m), wanda tafkin Zacatón ya isa. Kawai abin da Don Ramón Prieto ya bayyana a cikin karnin da ya gabata ya tuna: “A cikin ruwan La Azufrosa, komai ya bambanta, komai yana da kyau da ban mamaki. Kogunan da muka zayyano da kuma yawan ruwa da aka nuna wa idanun kowa, sun zama baƙon abu ga hayaniyar rafin da ke samar da magudanar ruwan. A bayyane yake sun mutu ko suna barci, sun sami ƙarfin da ya dace don fasa rukunin dutsen da ya rufe su kuma, cikin jin kunyar daurin da suka yi, suka ce: za mu ga haske, kuma an yi musu hasken ne. "
IDAN KA JE LOS CENOTES DE ALDAMA
Bar garin da tashar Tampico, Tamaulipas, bi babbar hanyar ƙasa ba. 80 wanda ya dauke mu zuwa Ciudad Monte; 81 kilomita daga baya, a Manuel Station, ɗauki hanyar zuwa babbar hanya babu. 180 da ke zuwa Aldama da Soto la Marina; Yi tafiya kusan kilomita 26 kuma a wannan lokacin (kilomita 10 kafin a isa Aldama) juya hagu a kan babbar hanya, kimanin kilomita 12, wanda ke kaiwa ga ejido. Haihuwar. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon bashi da sabis na yawon bude ido, amma zaka iya samunsu a garin Aldama da ke kusa, ko kuma a cikin garin Tampico.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 258 / Agusta 1998
