Kadoji sun sami ɗayan ɗaukakarsu na cigaban juyin halitta a cikin yankin Amurka, kuma musamman a tsohuwar Sabuwar Spain, magajin al'adu, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyin Tsohon Duniya. Dukansu suna bin tsarin sifa ne wanda ya basu damar rayuwa sama da miliyoyin shekaru: hanci da hakora masu kaifi waɗanda aka saba da su don cin abinci mai cin nama - kifi, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, kodayake babban abincin samari shine kwari da sauran su. invertebrates-, jikin da ke kariya ta fata mai sassauƙa amma mai sassauƙa, da wutsiya mai ƙarfi don ciyar da kewayawarsa.
Kadoji sun sami ɗayan ɗaukakarsu na cigaban juyin halitta a cikin yankin Amurka, kuma musamman a tsohuwar tsohuwar Spain, magajin al'adu, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyin Tsohon Duniya. Dukansu suna bin tsarin sifa ne wanda ya basu damar rayuwa sama da miliyoyin shekaru: hanci da hakora masu kaifi waɗanda aka saba da su don cin abinci mai cin nama - kifi, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, kodayake babban abincin samari shine kwari da sauran su. invertebrates-, jikin da ke kariya ta fata mai sassauƙa amma mai sassauƙa, da wutsiya mai ƙarfi don ciyar da kewayawarsa.
Lokacin da masu nasara daga Sifen suka zo Amurka suka kira yankuna na yanzu na Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica da yammacin Amurka, sun gane a cikin waɗannan ƙasashen tasirin dodo nasu na almara. siffar kadojin da suka mamaye ko'ina, kuma waɗanda suka zaɓa don kiran lalatattun kadangaru.
Game da crocodlanda da kifi, dukansu suna da manyan hakora kusa da gaban ƙananan muƙamuƙi. A na farkon, wadannan hakoran biyu suna shiga cikin tabo ne a cikin muƙamuƙin sama kuma ana iya ganinsu lokacin da aka rufe bakin, yayin da na biyun kuma suka shiga cikin ramuka masu ƙoshin lafiya a cikin muƙamuƙin sama, don haka idan aka rufe bakin sai a ɓoye su. A nasa bangaren, hancin gulls yana da tsayi da siriri.
'Yan Crocod suna zaune a duk yankuna masu zafi na duniya. Ban da caiman na kasar Sin -Alligator sinensis-, sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan alligators guda bakwai ana samun su ne kawai a Amurka kuma galibi a Kudancin Amurka. Gulls suna da wakili, gharial na Indiya-Cavialis gangeticus-, wanda ya ratsa kudancin Asiya, daga Indo zuwa kogin Irawadi, amma ba ya nan a duk kudancin Indiya.
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ana kiransu da jini mai sanyi, saboda ba za su iya kiyaye zafin jikinsu daga bambancin banbanci ba, kamar yadda dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye suke yi. Don haka, suna buƙatar kwanciya a rana don ɗumi ɗumi ko shiga ƙarƙashin ruwa ko a inuwar itace don su huce. Ganinsu, kamshinsu, shafar su, da jin su ya bunkasa sosai.
FALALAR SABON KASAR Spain
Kamar yadda masu nasara suka yi, har yanzu ana iya yin tunani game da nau'ikan kadoji guda huɗu a cikin abin da ke cikin Sabuwar Spain, yayin da a cikin yankin Mexico na yanzu akwai guda uku: kogin kada-Crocodylus acutus-, da fadamar-Crocodylus Abin farin ciki, tun lokacin da aka rufe sama da shekaru talatin da suka gabata kuma saboda kokarin masu bincike, masu kiyaye muhalli da 'yan kasuwa, halin da suke ciki ya inganta sosai, duk da cewa suna dab da karewa.
HATSARIN KOGI
Ita ce mafi girma, saboda tana tsakanin tsayin mita biyar zuwa bakwai. Hannun bakin ta yana da kaifi kuma doguwa, kuma yana da kumburi mara kyau a gaban idanuwa. Babban launin sa launin toka ne mai launin ruwan toka, mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi.
Tana zaune a bakin kogi da koguna, kodayake kuma tana iya ɗaukar ruwa a cikin wuraren wasan golf da biranen. Wani lokaci ana ganin sa yana tafiya cikin ruwan teku ko sunbathing a bakin rairayin bakin teku. Kadai Kadai ta Ba'amurke ita kadai tare da rarrabawa mai yawa, kamar yadda aka samo ta daga kudancin Florida, gabar tekun Pacific zuwa Yucatan Peninsula a Mexico, Amurka ta tsakiya, tsibirin Caribbean da arewacin yankin Kudancin Amurka.
Matan wannan nau'in suna kwance har zuwa ƙwai 60 a cikin ramuka da aka haƙa cikin yashi ko laka da aka gauraye da zuriyar dabbobi. Manya, musamman mata, suna haɓaka halayyar kula da uwa, kamar su kariya da kula da gida, da kuma ɗaukar yara cikin hancinsu zuwa ruwa.
Lokacin nest ya bambanta gwargwadon yankin, tsakanin Janairu da Fabrairu, ko zuwa Maris da Mayu. A gefe guda kuma, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen su na daji sun kai tsakanin dubu goma zuwa dubu ashirin; duk da haka, gwargwadon tarin bayanan da aka samar har zuwa yau, ana ganin ba za a raina waɗannan ƙididdigar ba. Ba tare da la'akari da wannan ba, asarar muhalli na asali saboda ci gaban biranen bakin teku na ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin rayuwa.
GANGAR JIKIN SWAMP
Ya ɗan fi ƙanƙan da kogi ɗaya kaɗan, tun da ya kai tsayin mita uku a tsayi kuma yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya. Hancin hancin ya ɗan gajarta da fadi fiye da na kogi, ban da samun manyan idanuwan ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa. Fata ba ta da kyau sosai, wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake neman sa don fatauci.
Yana da kayyadaddun rarraba kuma ana samun sa daga tsakiyar jihohin Mexico na Tamaulipas, ta hanyar San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, yankin Yucatan da kuma yankin arewacin Chiapas, da kuma a Belize da yankin na Petén a Guatemala. Wannan jinsin ya fi son zama a cikin ruwan koguna, tabkuna da gulbi mai yawan ciyayi ko a cikin dazuzzuka.
A gefe guda kuma, kada mai dausayi, kamar kada, ba ya tona gidansa, amma yana tara shara don yin tudun ƙasa. Mace tana yin kwai tsakanin 20 zuwa 49 a lokacin haihuwa wanda zai fara da gina gida a farkon lokacin damina - daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuli- kuma ya kare da haihuwar yara daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba. Hakanan, kamar kifi, duka mace da namiji suna kula da gida gida da yara. Koyaya, abin da yayi fice a cikin wannan nau'in shine babbar fargabarsa, tunda bisa ga binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a Meziko akwai yuwuwar yawan mutane kusan 120,000 samfuran balagaggun jima'i. Hakanan, sake haifuwarsa cikin kamuwa da nasara babbar nasara ce a gonaki na musamman guda biyu na ƙasar.
BATSA
A Oaxaca da Chiapas, duk Amurka ta Tsakiya da kuma wani ɓangare na Kudancin Amurka, caiman yana wurin, mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin nau'ikan kadoji huɗu da ke zaune a New Spain ta dā. maza sun kai tsawon mita biyu kuma mata 1.20 m. Launinsa launin rawaya ne ko duhu tare da ɗigon tabo da yawa kuma yana da gajarta da faɗi mafi girma fiye da na sauran kada, da kuma wani nau'in ƙaho akan idanu, wanda kuma ake kiransa da kalman kallo.
Wannan jinsi galibi yana samun mafaka a cikin kogwanni da kogwanni a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi. Tana zaune ne a cikin tabkuna, koguna, rafuka, da fadama, haka nan kuma a cikin muhalli marasa kyau. Lokacin gurbi na faruwa tsakanin watannin Afrilu zuwa Agusta ko har zuwa Satumba, yayin da mace za ta iya saka tsakanin ƙwai 20 zuwa 30 a cikin gida.
A Mexico, aikin caiman ya yi nasara. Koyaya, idan aka basu ƙayyadaddun wuraren zama, har yanzu suna fuskantar barazana ta hanyar farauta da asarar muhallinsu.
WANI SHARI'AR WATA, DA MISSISSIPPI CAYMAN
An kiyaye ta sosai ta hanyar dokokin Amurka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawan mutanen daji a halin yanzu ke yin rajistar samfura miliyan ɗaya. Ana karatuttukansa, duka a cikin bauta da cikin daji. Sabili da haka, ana ɗaukarsa jinsin da ke da ƙananan haɗarin halaka.
Mazaunin ta ya kunshi fadama, dausayi, da koguna, da tabkuna da kuma kananan ruwa a Arewacin Amurka ta kudu maso gabas. Duk da zama a yankunan da ke da ruwa mai kyau, yana iya rayuwa a cikin mahalli masu ƙyalli kamar mangroves. Bugu da ƙari, abu ne na yau da kullun a gare shi ya yi ƙoƙarin mallakar yankunan birni kamar su wasan golf da wuraren zama.
Wannan kifin kifin yana da shimfidar fuska mai ban sha'awa, mai kamannin parabola wanda ya ninka nisansa da rabi fadinsa. Idanun rawaya ne kuma ɗalibi a cikin haske yana bayyana kamar buɗewar elliptical a tsaye. Manyan samfuran sun kai tsayin mita huɗu zuwa biyar. A yayin matakin haihuwa, mace na yin kwai 20 zuwa 50 a cikin wani gida mai kama da ciki wanda aka yi shi da laka da daddawa.
ILIMI DA GIRMAMAWA
A karshe, masu bincike daban-daban sun cimma matsaya kan cewa raguwar yawan dabbobi masu rarrafe, gami da kada, samari ne na muhimman abubuwa shida: asarar muhalli da lalacewa, gabatar da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu wadanda ke sauya halittu, gurbatar , cututtuka, rashin amfani da albarkatu da canjin yanayi. Zuwa waɗannan guda shida, an ƙara ƙarin guda ɗaya: jahilci, wanda ke haifar mana da yanke shawara mara kyau game da amfani da amfani da albarkatu, ko yin hukunci game da jinsin ta hanyar “kyakkyawa” ko “mara kyau”.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 325 / Maris 2004
