A cikin Sierra de Temascaltepec, wanda shine fadada dutsen Nevado de Toluca (dutsen dutsen Xinantécatl) da kuma matakin isa ga kasar Guerrero mai zafi, akwai wani tsohon ma'adinai, wanda ake kira Real de Arriba, wanda yake kwana a cikin kwazazzabo na ciyayi mai daɗi.
Yankunan tsaunuka da ke kewaye da wurin suna da tsayi amma suna da kyau, tare da manyan tsaunuka, da kwazazzabai masu zurfi, da kyawawan kwazazzabo. Hannun waɗannan tsaunuka suna dauke da zinariya da azurfa. Kogin El Vado da ya ratsa karamar al'umma an haife shi ne a tsaunukan Nevado de Toluca, wanda ya samo asali ne daga narkewar dutsen mai fitad da wuta; Kogi ne na kwararar ruwa wanda daga baya ya samar da abu guda daya tare da kogin Temascaltepec kuma ya gudana cikin Balsas.
A cikin Real de Arriba, an haifa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa guda huɗu waɗanda ruwa mai tsabta ke fitowa a kowace rana ta shekara. Ciyawar dake wannan yankin ta banbanta sosai, tare da shuke-shuke daga kasar masu sanyi da yankuna masu zafi, kuma kasarta tana da matukar ni'ima. Kafin isa garin zaka iya ganin manyan dunes na jan yumbu, waɗanda abin kallo ne sosai.
A zamanin pre-Hispanic, rafin da Real de Arriba yake a yau ana masa lakabi da Cacalostoc, wanda ke nufin "kogon hankaka". Matlatzincas ne ya mamaye yankin, wanda ke bautar Quequezque, allahn wuta. Matlatzincas sun kasance masu fama da mummunan Aztec; a Cacalostoc dubbai daga cikinsu sun mutu kuma waɗanda suka tsira an mai da su bayi ko an ɗaure su don daga baya a ba da hadaya don girmama allahn yaƙi, Huitzilopochtli.
Da yawa daruruwan ko dubban matlatzincas aka kashe a duk waɗannan gwagwarmayar da ta ɗauki sama da shekaru talatin! Nawa ne suka rage a matsayin bayi da fursunoni kuma da yawa zasu gudu kafin tsananin yakin, don buya a cikin tsaunukan Afirka ta Kudu! Waɗanda aka barsu da rai dole ne su biya yabo ga Moctezuma.
Maɗaukaki ma'adinai
A cikin Cacalostoc an sami zinaren a ƙasa a ɓoye na dutsen; Matlatzincas na farko da Aztec daga baya sunyi rami mai zurfi don cire ƙarfe da duwatsu masu daraja. A wancan lokacin kogin El Vado ya kasance abin jin daɗi, wato a ce, yanki mai yashi inda rafin ruwa a kai a kai ke ajiye gwal na zinariya, wanda aka raba shi ta hanyar sauƙin wanka. Kogin ya kasance ainihin wanke zinariya. Da gaske ɗan Indiya ne daga Texcalitlán, wanda ake kira Adriano, wanda a cikin 1555 ya kawo mutanen Spain biyar don koyo game da yawan zinare a yankin.
A rabi na biyu na karni na 16 (tsakanin 1570 da 1590), zuwa lokacin an kafa Real de Arriba a matsayin ɗayan mahimman gundumomin ma'adinai na nyungiyar. A wancan lokacin akwai sama da ma'adinai talatin a cikin cikakken aiki, na dangin Mutanen Espanya; Fiye da Mutanen Spain 50, bayi 250, Indiyawa 100 da aka danka musu amana kuma masu hakar ma'adinai 150 sunyi aiki a wurin. A cikin aikinta, wannan ma'adinan ya buƙaci injinan 386 don fa'idodin ƙarafa da aka samo, galibi zinare da azurfa, da sauran ƙananan ƙarfe marasa mahimmanci. Godiya ga hawan Real de Arriba, an kafa wasu garuruwa masu rikon kwarya, kamar su Valle de Bravo da Temascaltepec.
A cikin karni na 17, Real de Arriba ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗayan gundumomin da aka fi so a cikin New Spain; A wancan lokacin, an kafa masaukai, injinan karafa da mahayan dawakai wadanda suka samar da wadataccen abincin da mahakan za su ci gaba da aiki.
Continuedaƙan ma'adinai ya ci gaba a cikin ƙarni na 18, sa'annan aka gina haikalin Real de Arriba, wanda ke da ƙofar baroque a cikin ɓangarori biyu da ƙofar shiga ta kusa da semicircular, wacce a ƙarshe aka yi mata zarenta. A kowane gefen ƙofar shiga akwai pilasters biyu, halaye na salon Churrigueresque. Haikalin yana da tsakar dare ɗaya, kuma a ciki akwai katangar bagade a cikin sassaƙaƙƙen itace da gyalles, wanda a cikinsa gicciye da Virgen de los Dolores suka yi fice. Wannan kyakkyawan haikalin baroque, wanda yayi kyau a zamanin hakar ma'adinai, a yau yana tsaye shi kaɗai, kamar wani tsohon annabi yana zaune a lanƙwasa a hanya wanda ke tuna da ɗaukakan da suka gabata kuma wanda ke tare da mutanensa cikin aminci cikin kaɗaici.
Rushewar zinariya
A lokacin yunkurin samun 'yanci ya zo na farko na ma'adinai, kuma a cikin sauran karni na 19 yawancin mazauna garin sun bar garin saboda rashin aiki. Koyaya, a lokacin Janar Santa Anna, kuma daga baya a lokacin Porfiriato, gwamnati ta ba da dama ga kamfanoni na Burtaniya da Amurka don yin amfani da ma'adinan, wanda ya ba Real de Arriba sabuwar rayuwa; ma'adinan da suka samar da zinare da azurfa sune na Magdalena, Gachupinas, Quebradillas, El Socorro, La Guitarra da Albarrada.
A cikin 1900, samar da zinariya daga ma'adinan El Rincón, Mina Vieja, San Antonio da Santa Ana ya karu saboda isowar babban birnin Ingilishi, wanda ya kawo sabon fasaha don hakar karafa. A cikin 1912 yankin Zapatistas ya firgita sosai, kuma Real ta kasance wurin yaƙe-yaƙe na jini, amma a ƙarshen juyin juya halin ma'aikatan ma'adinan sun koma ma'adinan.
A wajajen 1940, yanayi daban-daban sun haifar da lalata ma'adinai gaba ɗaya. An rufe ma'adinan Real de Arriba, kuma baƙi waɗanda ba su da fili sun bar wurin. Yawaitar ruwa da wadatar ƙasa sun ba wa al'umma damar zama gaba ɗaya aikin noma da haɓaka kasuwanci tare da Temascaltepec da Toluca.
Gaskiya daga sama a yau
A halin yanzu a cikin wannan birni mai kayatarwa akwai kyakkyawan fili tare da kiosk ɗinsa kuma tare da facades na tsoffin gidajensa an zana su a cikin tabarau daban-daban, wanda ya ba shi launi mai launi. Alleofofinsa tare da tsoffin gidajensu amma an kula dasu sosai, sun mai da mu baya, a cikin yanayi na kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali. Har yanzu akwai wani tsohon injin nika inda zaka ga injunan da Ingilishi suka kawo a farkon karnin. Na gidan gona mai cin gajiyar La Providencia, wanda aka fi sani da El Polvorín, yawancin ganuwarta har yanzu suna nan, suna lekawa daga cikin ciyawar ciyawa.
An mintoci kaɗan daga garin sune kangon abin da ya kasance mafi mahimmancin ma'adinai a El Real: El Rincón. A nan, har yanzu a farkon ƙarni, akwai manyan kayayyakin more rayuwa tare da gine-gine da yawa, mai raha tare da hasumiya, gidajen masu hakar ma'adinai, da sauransu. A yau akwai 'yan ganuwa da duwatsu kaɗan da ke ba mu labarin wannan tsohuwar bonanza.
A farkon karni na 20 sai aka ce mata: “Injin da ake amfani da shi a wannan ma'adinin ya dace da zamani, kuma kamfanin da ya mallake shi bai cire wani kudi ba don girka shi… Sassan karfe da dama suna da haske da kyau. Ba da daɗewa… Wadatattun jijiyoyin azurfa da zinariya na El Rincón ba da daɗewa ba tattaunawar ta zama mai daraja. Hakanan yana da babbar fa'idar da wasu ma'adanai kalilan ke da ita, na samun gonar da ke cin gajiyarta, wacce ke da kima da dukkan abin da ya kamata ... Mista Bullock, wani mai hakar ma'adinai na Burtaniya, ya kawo injinan tururi na farko a kan alfadari a baya, don taimakawa a fannoni daban-daban. aiki mai nauyi a cikin ma'adinan Real de Arriba, mai yiwuwa ɗayansu, sanannen ma'adinan El Rincón ".
Duk da wannan ci gaban fasaha, sauran shaidu na lokacin suna gaya mana game da halin da masu hakar ma'adinan suke ciki: "Masu shara a hanya, masu lodin kaya, masu talla da sauran su ba a taimaka musu su gina garuruwansu, ko kuma su sami kwanciyar hankali a gidajensu ... ganima mai sauki tsakanin masu hakar ma'adinai da yunwa ... Masu hakar ma'adinan da safe sun sauka kan winch a hanzarin saurin kashe kansu don binne kansu a cikin raƙuman ruwa da ramin ƙarfe. Aikin mai hakar yana da zafi ƙwarai cewa muradinsa ba wani bane face ya ɗauki hanyar hawa don kasancewa tare da danginsa ”.
A cikin makabartar har ila yau ana bautar ainihin ɗakin bautar gumaka daga ƙarni na 18 da wasu tambarin daga tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata. A gefen garin akwai wani ginin neoclassical daga ƙarni na 18 tare da abubuwan neo-Gothic, haikalin San Mateo Almoloya. Bayan ka shiga Real de Arriba, sai ka ratsa kan gadar La Hoz, inda aka rubuta tambarin: "1934-1935 Lane rincón Mines Inc." yana tunatar da mu cewa tun daga wancan 1555 da ke nesa, lokacin da Texcaltitlán Indian ya kawo 'yan Spain biyar da Muguwar amfani da wannan ƙasar ta fara ne a kan jinin Matlatzincas wanda aka yanka wa allah Huitzilopochtli, ya ɗauki shekaru 400 kafin masu cinikin su sha wahalar kayan cikin wannan ƙasa mai daraja da karimci.
IDAN ZAKAYI GASKIYA
Daga Toluca, ɗauki babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 134 zuwa Temascaltepec (kilomita 90), kuma daga wannan garin akwai wata ƙazamar hanya kusan kilomita 10 wacce take kaiwa zuwa Real de Arriba. Idan ka yanke shawarar yin 'yan kwanaki anan ya zama dole ka tsaya a Temascaltepec, saboda a Real de Arriba babu kayayyakin more rayuwa na otel ko gidajen abinci.
