Warewar da wasu al'ummomi suka sha a Mexico, da kuma rashin sanin kadarorinsu na al'adu, ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da tabarbarewa a hankali kuma, a wasu lokuta, watsar da su gaba daya da hallaka su.
Huatlatlauca ta sha wahala wannan ƙaddarar; Koyaya, har yanzu yana adana mahimman shaidu na tarihi, gine-gine, zane-zane da al'adun gargajiya, da kuma tatsuniyoyi, bukukuwa, al'adun gargaji na baka da na fasaha waɗanda suka samo asali tun zamanin Hispania, kuma sun dawwama har zuwa yau, amma waɗanda aka ƙi kula dasu saboda sakewarsu. A cikin Huatlatlauca, wani ƙaramin gari wanda yake a cikin yanki mai zafi da bushe inda lemun tsami ke da yalwa, lokaci ba ze wuce. Yara, mata da tsofaffi ne kawai ake gani a wurin, yayin da maza lokaci-lokaci suke yin ƙaura don neman aiki.
Huatlatlauca tana a ƙarshen gabas na kwarin Atlixco, a cikin abin da ake kira Poblana Plateau, a ƙasan tsaunin Tentzo, ƙaramin tsaunukan tsaunuka masu tsauni, farar ƙasa da tsaunuka waɗanda ke haifar da ɓacin rai wanda ƙasansa ya zama hanya ga Kogin Atoyac. Yawan jama'ar yana bakin kogin.
Bayyanar Huatlatlauca a yanzu ba ta da bambanci da abin da zai iya gabatarwa a tsayin lokacin mulkin mallaka. Ganin keɓewar al'umma, ayyukan zamantakewar al'umma da al'adun gargajiyar gargajiyar gargajiyar sun ci gaba da kasancewa da tushe. Rabin mutanen suna magana da Sifananci dayan kuma rabin "Mexican" (Nahuatl). Hakanan, a wasu mahimman bukukuwa ana yin bikin har yanzu a Nahuatl.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman bukukuwa a Huatlatlauca shine wanda akeyi a ranar 6 ga Janairu, ranar Magi Mai Tsarki. Hakimai shida, guda ɗaya don kowane yanki, suna kula da kawo furanni a cikin haikalin kowace rana tare da ciyar da taron duka, wanda ake yanka bijimi kowace rana. A 'yan kwanakin nan garin ya cika da murna da kiɗa; akwai jaripeo, rawa na Moors da Kiristoci, kuma "Zuriyar mala'ikan" an wakilta, sanannen wasan kwaikwayo da aka shirya tsawon ƙarni da yawa a cikin atrium na haikalin Santa María de los Reyes. Babban aikin Huatlatlauca tun zamanin Hispanic shine samar da dabino.
A ranar Lahadi, kuma bisa ga tsohuwar al'adar Mesoamerican, ana sanya tianguis a cikin babban dandalin garin, inda ake cinikin kayayyaki daga wuraren makwabta.
"Huatlatlauca a yaren Indiya na nufin jan mikiya", kuma a cikin Mendocino Codex glyph dinta ana wakilta tare da kan mutum mai gashin kai da aka aske kuma an zana ja.
Samun kanta a cikin yanki mai mahimmanci, a cikin yanzu Valananan Puebla da Tlaxcala, Huatlatlauca sun taka muhimmiyar rawa, duka a lokacin zamanin Hispanic da mulkin mallaka, tunda ta fara ba da girmamawa ga Iyayengwan Mexico da kuma daga baya ga Masarautar. daga Spain. Tsoffin mazaunan ta ƙungiyoyi ne na asalin Olmec-Xicalan, daga baya ƙungiyoyin Chichimecas suka fatattake su daga waɗannan ƙasashe waɗanda suka kutsa cikin su zuwa ƙarni na 12 na zamaninmu. Bayan haka, saboda rashin ikon mulkin mallaka a yankin, Huatlatlauca ya riga ya bayyana a matsayin abokin Cuauhtinchan, a matsayin abokin Totomihuacan, ko kuma batun Señorío de Tepeaca. Abin sani kawai har zuwa kashi na uku na ƙarshe na karni na 15 cewa mamayewa da mulkin Mexico a cikin kwarin Puebla da tsaunuka tabbas sun sanya Huatlatlauca ƙarƙashin ikon Iyayen Ubangjin Mexico-Tenochtitlán. A cikin New Spain Papers an ambaci cewa "na na Moctezuma Señor de México ne, kuma abubuwan da ya gabata sun ba shi haraji farar lemun tsami, manyan sanduna masu kauri da wukake don sakawa a cikin mashi, da kuma sandunan doki masu ƙarfi na yaƙi, da audugar daji jaket da kayan kwalliya waɗanda mayaƙan yaƙi ke sawa ...
Wanda ya ci nasara Hernán Cortés ya isa yankin ya damka Huatlatlauca ga mai nasara Bernardino de Santa Clara, tare da wajibcin saka akwatin alfarmar mai martaba wanda ya kunshi tufafi, gidan sauro, barguna, masara, alkama da wake . Bayan mutuwar encomendero a 1537, garin ya wuce zuwa Masarauta wanda zai zama haraji tare da Teciutlán da Atempa, na Municipality na Izúcar de Matamoros na yanzu. Tun 1536, Huatlatlauca tana da alkalin alkalanta kuma tsakanin 1743 da 1770 an haɗa ta zuwa ofishin magajin garin Tepexi de la Seda, a yau Rodríguez, wata gundumar da ta dogara da ita a halin yanzu.
Game da wa'azantarta, mun san cewa frirai na farko da suka fara zuwa yankin su ne Franciscans kuma, tsakanin 1566 da 1569, sun bar wurin, suna ba da shi ga faransawan Augustiniya, waɗanda a fili suka kammala ginin gidan zuhudu kuma suka zauna a wurin har zuwa lokacin Centuryarni na 18, ya bar mana ɗayan mahimman misalai na katako da zanen polychrome.
Daga abin da ya kamata ya kasance shine sasantawa kafin zamanin Hispanic, wanda ke kudu da gidan zuhudun, ya rage mafi ƙarancin ɓangare na benaye, guntun katangar da aka gina da farin lemun tsami, yashi da sassan abubuwa yumbu tare da halaye na Mixteca da Cholula.
Hakanan mun sami wasu misalai na tsarin gine-ginen mulkin mallaka, kamar gada mai kyau da kuma gidan karni na 16, ginin farko da Mutanen Espanya suka gina kuma mai yiwuwa ya sami friars na farko, wanda yake da zane-zanen zamanin Hispanic waɗanda aka sassaka a kan farfajiyar da jam. na facade na ciki, da kuma murhun burodi mai girma ƙwarai. Gidajen Huatlatlauca masu sauki ne, suna da rufin ciyawa, tare da bangon farin dutse daga yankin. Mafi yawansu suna riƙe da murhunsu, jigogi da kayan kwalliya (irin silos ɗin da suke ci gaba da kiyaye masarar), wanda ya ba mu damar yin tunani tare da kusancin dangi abin da suka gabata na zamanin Hispanic ya kasance. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gine-ginen zamani da kayan tauraron dan adam sun yiwa yanayin kyau kwaskwarima, wanda ya haifar da asarar da yawa daga tsarin gine-ginen yare na asali. Tsarin birni ya watse kuma yana kula da rarraba yankuna. A kowane ɗayansu akwai ɗakin sujada. Wadannan watakila an gina su ne a farkon karni na 17, kamar na San Pedro da San Pablo, San José - wanda har yanzu yana kiyaye karamin bagade - San Francisco, La Candelaria da San Nicolás de Tolentino, wanda yake a na biyu Huatlatlauca sashe. A cikin su duka akwai ƙaramin maigida koyaushe yana fuskantar yamma, kamar gidan zuhudu. Suna cikin kula da mawaƙan su waɗanda ke kula da su da ƙauna, haɗuwa da girmamawa.
A cikin shekarun sittin, mahallin Santa María de los Reyes, Huatlatlauca, masu binciken daga lNAH ne suka gano shi, suna aiwatar da aikin kiyayewa da sabuntawa na farko, wanda ya kunshi cire kayan lemun tsami a jikin bangon, wanda aka yi amfani da su a wani lokaci na baya kuma wanda ya rufe kusan kusan 400 m2 na zanen bango, duka a cikin ƙanana da manya. An kuma gudanar da aikin kiyayewa a kan rufin ginin, ta inda danshi mai yawa ya kwarara.
Dukan gidan ibada na Santa María de los Reyes suna da atrium na rectangular tare da ƙofar shiga biyu da bango mai hade da layi. A ɗaya daga ƙarshensa, a kudu, akwai hasken rana da aka yi da dutse.
Offaddamar da atrium yana tsaye coci, a cikin salon Plateresque. An gina shi da ruɓaɓɓen rufi guda ɗaya tare da bututun mai na ganga, tare da ɗakunan sujada uku da kuma presbytery na semicircular. Faransawan Franciscan da suka bari a waccan haikalin, an sake fasalin su sosai-ɗayan misalai na rufin rufin rufin katako daga karni na 16 wanda har yanzu ana kiyaye shi a cikin ƙasarmu, kuma wanda, a cikin ruwa da cikin ginshiki, yana da kayan ado tare da jigogi masu jan hankali zuwa gumakan gumaka na Franciscan, waɗanda ake maimaita su kowane takamaiman sashi kuma an yi su da bangarori masu kusurwa huɗu waɗanda aka sassaka cikin itace ahuehuete. Wasu, kamar na sotocoro, suna da aikace-aikace a azurfa da zinariya.
A gefen hagu akwai ginin abin da a bayyane yake buɗe ɗakin sujada, daga baya aka yi birin da shi, wanda a halin yanzu akwai wani ɓangare na Taskar Parish. Daga hannun dama shine ƙofar da ke ba da damar shiga gidan zuhudun kuma a cikin tsakiyar akwai rijiyar da ke zagaye. Baya ga ɗakunan asali, an kuma ƙara wasu ɗakunan, an gina su fewan shekarun da suka gabata kuma an daidaita su zuwa ga abin da ke da lambun gidan zuhudu. A kan matakan biyu na kayan kwalliyar, na ƙananan sifofi, ana adana zane-zanen bangon polychrome mai ƙarancin filastik da wadataccen hoto, wanda a ciki za a iya kiyaye alamun hannu da salo daban-daban.
A cikin ƙananan ƙananan akwai jerin tsarkaka waɗanda galibi suna cikin umarnin San Agustín: Santa Mónica, San Nicolás de Tolentino, San Guillermo, da sauran shahidai waɗanda kawai suka bayyana a cikin gumakan wannan gidan zuhudu: San Rústico, San Rodato, San Columbano, San Bonifacio da San Severo. Hakanan akwai wuraren da ke nuna Flagellation, Gicciye shi da Tashin Kiristi, an tarwatsa su a sasannin bangon. Fiye da waɗannan duka, akwai rikici tare da tsarkaka da manzanni a haɗe cikin garkuwa, abin takaici ya ɓace a wasu ɓangarorin. Tsakanin garkuwa da garkuwa muna samun adon shuke-shuke, tsuntsaye, dabbobi da mala'iku waɗanda suke maimaita kansu a cikin mahimmin abu kuma an ɗora su da ma'ana da alama. A cikin babban rufin sama, yawancin zanen yana cikin yanayin talauci kuma wasu sun rasa sosai; a nan ma, a kusurwar kowane bango, muhimman al'amuran addini kamar su Lastarshen Lastarshe, Tushewa, Addu'ar Aljanna, Tashin and iyãma da Gicciye, Thebaid, Hanyar zuwa vawa da Ecce Homo an wakilta.
Abu mafi ban mamaki game da gidan zuhudu shi ne ainihin maɓallin keɓaɓɓiyar hotuna na Littafi Mai-Tsarki waɗanda aka wakilta a cikin waɗannan bango. Wani abu ne wanda ba komai ba a cikin majami'un Augustin na karni na 16.
Huatlatlauca shima wuri ne da aka manta dashi, amma wadataccen sa, tarihi, al'adu da kere-kere na iya yin asara har ma fiye da haka, ba wai kawai saboda tabarbarewar lokaci da muhalli ba, har ma da sakacin mazauna karkara da baƙi waɗanda ta hanyoyi daban daban. Suna haifar da gushewar wadannan bayyanannun abubuwan da muke da su a hankali. Wannan na iya haifar da gurbi wanda ba zai yiwu ba a tarihinmu na mulkin mallaka wanda ba za mu taɓa yin nadama ba. Yana da gaggawa don juya baya wannan aikin.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 19 Yuli / Agusta 1997
