Rayuwar al'adu a cikin garin Oaxaca, wacce ta sami wannan babban matsayi a lokacin mulkin mallaka, ta ragu - zuwa wani lokaci - tsawon shekarun gwagwarmayar Samun 'Yancin kai. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, har yanzu ana cikin rurin harsasai, an yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin al'adu, daidai da sabon zamani.
A 1826 da State Institute of Sciences and Arts aka kafa, kuma wannan cancantar ilimi ma'aikata da aka bi da wasu kamar Kimiyya da Kasuwanci College. A lokacin gwamnatinsa, Juárez ya ba da himma sosai ga ma'aikatun gwamnati a duk faɗin jihar; An ƙirƙiri makarantun ilimi na al'ada a cikin manyan garuruwa. Don Benito shima yana bin wadatar tarin kayan Tarihi na Jiha; kodayake asalin wannan wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1882, yana mai mulki Don Porfirio Díaz. Jugnar ta ci gaba da kokarin ne daga wanda ya gaje shi Ignacio Mejía, wanda ya kafa kungiyar Lauyoyi kuma mai tallata Dokar 'Yanci. A cikin 1861, a jajibirin tsoma baki, an kirkiro Central Normal.
Koyaya, manyan masana'antun al'adu sun haɓaka cikin inuwar Porfiriato; misali, malamin koyarwa Enrique C. Rebsamen ya sake shirya Makarantar Malamai ta Al'ada; An gina hanya wacce take dauke da sunan mai mulkin kama-karya kuma Allah ya wadata ta da kasuwanni da dama; a lokaci guda, fara gina sabbin gine-gine na Gidan Yarin Jiha da Cibiyar Kimiyya da kere-kere. Haka kuma dole ne a ce a daidai lokacin ne aka kafa Monte de Piedad (2 ga Maris, 1882) kuma aka kafa cibiyar lura da yanayi (5 ga Fabrairu, 1883).
Sauran abubuwan da aka inganta a babban birnin jihar anyi su ne a farkon shekarun karnin mu. A kan tsaunin El Fortín, a yayin da aka yi bikin cika shekara ɗari da haihuwar Juárez, an sassaka gunkinsa mai ban mamaki; Hakanan an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar kiɗa, wanda aikinsa na yau da kullun ya kasance sauraron sauraro na mazauna gida da baƙi.
Ala kulli hal, kuma duk da yawan masifu, rayuwa a cikin garin Oaxaca da cikin garuruwan yankuna daban-daban sun shuɗe tare da wani kwanciyar hankali. Nasara sojoji wani lokacin sun cancanci manyan liyafa; ɗayansu an ba da labarin a cikin zane mai ban mamaki wanda aka ba shi suna Banquet ga Janar León (1844), wanda aka adana shi a cikin Museumakin Tarihi na Nationalasa. Sauran al'amuran siyasa sun canza yanayin kwanciyar hankali na wurin, kamar shigowar Don Benito Juárez a cikin Janairu 1856; A yayin da aka tayar da bakunan nasara guda ɗari, akwai wata muhimmiyar sanarwa ta Te Deum - har yanzu ba a sami rabuwa tsakanin Coci da Jiha ba - da kuma yin bindiga a cikin Magajin Garin Plaza.
Wuraren, majami'u, yawo da kasuwanni - musamman wanda ke Oaxaca- ya ga ɗaruruwan indan asalin ƙasar suna yawo, suna isowa daga yankunansu, don hutawa, yin addu'a da siyar da tarin kuɗi. Wuraren, waɗanda suke gaba da gefe ɗaya na Cathedral, lokacin da José María Velasco ya zana su (1887) har yanzu ba su sa manyan laure ɗinsu ba. Ya kamata a sani cewa koyar da fasaha - musamman zane-zane da zane - ba a yi watsi da shi gaba daya ba; kodayake sakamakon da ta samar bai kai matsayin abin da aka yi a wasu yankuna na Meziko ba. Yawancin masu fasahar Oaxacan an san su: Luis Venancio, Francisco López da Gregorio Lazo, da kuma wasu mata, misali Josefa Carreño da Ponciana Aguilar de Andrade; dukkan su sun yi zane-zane, tsakanin rabin masu wayewa da mashahuri, gwargwadon dandano na 'yan uwansu.
Yanayin birane na birane da birane bai canza ba a mafi yawancin lokacin farkon rabin karni na 19; injin buga littattafan New Spain ƙarnuka ba sa so a share su. Wanda aka bayyana, a tsakanin sauran dalilai, ta ɗan gyare-gyaren da tsarin zamantakewar da tattalin arziƙin ya sha wahala. Iyalan cikin gidajen ibada ne kawai suka sami sauye-sauye neoclassical: bagadai, adon hoto ba tare da wani karfi ba da kuma nuna raini a wasu lokutan, "sun raina", sun fahimci cewa, a cikin wannan babban yanki na ƙasar, suma sun so su kasance cikin salon. Daga bayar da Dokokin sake fasalin ne aka sanya gine-ginen addini, musamman a cikin garin Oaxaca, aka shiga tsakani: gidan zuhudu na Santa Catalina (yanzu otal) ana son ya zama mazaunin Majalisar Karamar Hukumar, gidan yari kuma an kafa makarantu biyu. ; asibitin San Juan de Dios ya zama kasuwa kuma asibitin Betlemitas yana dauke da Asibitin farar hula.
Ginin da ke dauke da Fadar Gwamnati shima yana da matukar mahimmanci, wanda ginin sa ya gudana a duk ƙarni na 19 - bisa aikin mai ginin Francisco de Heredia-, saboda wahalar tattalin arziki na yau da kullun da ke cikin asusun jihar. .
A tsakiyar zamanin Porfirian, an shirya ɗakin karɓar baƙi a cikin wannan ginin; Ginin da aka sake gina shi, a gabansa, daga 1936 zuwa 1940, a lokacin gwamnatin Constantino Chapital.
